LEA-COLLIGA LNS (Catania) October 13 - 15 2008 Gianfranco Prete The SPES Project @ LNL Selective Production of Exotic Species.

LEA-COLLIGA LNS (Catania) October 13 - 15 2008

Gianfranco Prete

The SPES Project @ LNL

Selective Production of Exotic Species


Gianfranco Prete

SPES project

SPES is part of the INFN Road Map for the Nuclear Physics.

Main goal: ISOL facility to perform nuclear physics research with neutron-rich re-accelerated beams.

Host laboratory: Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro


Gianfranco Prete

The INFN Legnaro LaboratoryThe INFN Legnaro Laboratory(brief introduction)(brief introduction)

Elettrostatic AcceleratorsElettrostatic Accelerators- Tandem XTU (16 MV)- Tandem XTU (16 MV)- Van der Graff (7 MV)- Van der Graff (7 MV)- An 2000 (2 MV)- An 2000 (2 MV)

SCSC Linac Linac- Alpi - Alpi (Veq=40MeV)(Veq=40MeV)

SCSC RFQ RFQ injectorinjector- - PiavePiave

RIB Facility plannedRIB Facility planned- SPES (ISOL)- SPES (ISOL)

SPES re-acc

elerator


Gianfranco Prete

Main SPES project parts

• 2 RIB production stations by ISOL UCx direct target

• Proton driver: cyclotron with 2 exit ports

• RIB handling with 1/20000 HRMS

• RIB re-acceleration by PIAVE-ALPI supercondictive RFQ-LINAC

• Neutron facility by high current Proton RFQ (TRASCO): LENOS and BNCT applications


Gianfranco Prete

The SPES Project @ LNLThe SPES Project @ LNL

Applied Physics with proton beam

Multi user projectMulti user project


Gianfranco Prete

SPES SPES scheme scheme : : RIB ISOL RIB ISOL facilityfacility

Similar to HRIBF-EXCYTSimilar to HRIBF-EXCYTschemescheme

proton driver:Cyclotron

UCx ISOL target 30grUCx ISOL target 30gr8kW 108kW 101313 f/s f/s

HV platform (Pre-accleration)

Isobar separator

Charge Breeder

PIAVE-ALPI (re-accelerator)

1+ n+


Gianfranco Prete

The SPES components

and project status


Gianfranco Prete

UCx discs Graphite containerTantalum Heather

- - MULTIPLE UCMULTIPLE UCXX SLICES SLICES : increase the surface radiation area: increase the surface radiation area (P= (P= εε··σσ·S· T·S· T44 Stefan-Boltzmann lawStefan-Boltzmann law))

- GRAPHITE DUMP- GRAPHITE DUMP : : send the proton with low fission rate & high stopping power valuesend the proton with low fission rate & high stopping power value

Basic ideas:

Fission efficiency 100p per 1.5 Fission Fragments

Power density in UCx = 70W/gr

Proton Beam

200A 40 MeV

8kWExotic beam: Exotic beam:

1+1+

10101313 fissions/sec fissions/sec

Stopping Power & Fission Cross Section f or p-> UCx

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

4

4,5

2 6 10 14 18 22 26 30 34 38 42 46 50

Proton Energy (MeV)

Barn

& M

eV/d

g*cm

2.

Fission Cross Section

Stopping PowerDump: graphite

Target: UCx (30gr)Target: UCx (30gr)

Operating temperature: 2000oC

SPES project 2007:

Direct Target


Gianfranco Prete

SPES Target developments

Material DevelopmentMaterial Development

- Carbide productions

- Carbide characterizations

- New porous material

- New characterization methods

Mechanical DevelopmentMechanical Development

- Thermo-Mechanical Calculation

- Target Handling radiation hard system

- CAD mechanical drawings

- Development of target prototypes

- Front- end & new devices

20 40 60 80 100

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

§ * **

*

**** *

**

*

*

Inte

nsity

2

*

* UC2 pdf # 84-1344

§

§ Graphite pdf #

1

MNMX

XY

Z

Target SPES

.797E+07.291E+08

.502E+08.714E+08

.925E+08.114E+09

.135E+09.156E+09

.177E+09.198E+09

FEB 11 200723:44:17

NODAL SOLUTION

STEP=1SUB =1TIME=1SEQV (AVG)DMX =.571E-03SMN =.797E+07SMX =.198E+09


Gianfranco Prete

Alberto Andrighetto 2008

Constraint: U/C ratio = 1/4

Effect of Uranium Oxide precursor Effect of Uranium Oxide precursor on UCon UCxx bulk Density and Porosity bulk Density and Porosity

Effect on grain size and shape

Cold pressing conditions:P= 750 Mpa, 1h

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

4.2

4.4

g

*cm

-3)

UO2

U3O

8UO

3

Final Bulk Density

P=375 Mpa, 1h

UCx from UO2 UCx from U3O8 UCx from UO3

5m 5m 5m


Gianfranco Prete

High Temperature Test Bench High Temperature Test Bench

SPES target prototypewith 7 SiC Ф=40 mm. discs

Thermal conductivity

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700

Mean temperature (°C)

Th

erm

al c

on

du

cti

vit

y (

W/m

^2

*K)

DATASHEET

Past work

New experimental apparatus

1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 20000,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

1,0

SiCA (hexagonal, bulk) SiCG (hexagonal, bulk) SiC xycarb (cubic, porous) Al2O3 Graphite (fine) LaCx

T (°C)

Emissivity


Gianfranco Prete

Next actions for target

On line test of target material

ORNL-HRIBF

ISOLDE

Install Test bench at LNS

Aluminum I sotopic Chain

10

100

1000

10000

100000

24.5 25 25.5 26 26.5 27 27.5 28 28.5 29 29.5

Mass (amu)

Cou

nts/

s

2 microA, 1800°C

5 microA, 1800°C

10 microA, 1800°C

12 microA, 1800°C

2 microA, 1600°C

TASK3_Direct Target


Gianfranco Prete

150

50

64

160

120

100

290

150

100

205

245

132(Distances in cm)

OnLine Test Benchat LNS

Spes front-end

Tape transport system

CS proton beam100nA 30-70MeV


Gianfranco Prete

The SPES The SPES Ion SourcesIon SourcesIonization schema with a Surface ionizer coupled to a Laser beam

Hot surface

Atom Ion

Surface ionization

Ionization energy< 5-6 eV

Ground state

Ground state

continuum

Conductive bandFermi energy

Hot surfaceWork function

Ion

Laser ionization

Atom

laser

Ionization energy

< 9 - 10 eV

Ground state

continuum

Excited states

Laser beam


Gianfranco Prete

Pavia Laser lab(Piero Benetti INFN Pavia)


Gianfranco Prete

The PIAVE Superconductive RFQThe PIAVE Superconductive RFQ

ALPI Output with the two Injectors

0

10

20

30

0 50 100 150 200 250A

E/A

[M

eV

/u]

Tandem+ALPI (G-F) (some pnA)

PIAVE+ALPI (some 10 pnA)

PIAVE+ALPI

XTU+ALPI

ECRIS

LEBT 3H-BSRFQs

QWRsB

to ALPI booster

TDB

1.

2. 3. 4.Transmission

1.► 2. 90% 2. ► 3. 68% 3. ► 4. 85%

The PIAVE The PIAVE Superconductive RFQFrom October 2006: Regular Operation

β=0.047

β=0.0089

ALPI injectorALPI injector


Gianfranco Prete

Superconductive linac based on QW resonators.

2003: Up graded to Veq ~ 40 MV

Nb/ Cu spattered

cavitiesor bulk Nb

cavities

The ALPI post acceleratorThe ALPI post accelerator


Gianfranco Prete

Year 2006CR03 0 0 0 6 6 6CR04->CR06 3 3.5 3.5 3.5 6 6CR07->CR20 3.6 3.6 4.2 4.5 4.5 4.5CR21->CR26 5.5

238U28+ 4.96 5.21 5.84 6.2 6.6 9.9132Sn16+ 6.7 7 7.5 10.3132Xe19+ 6.13 6.39 7.15 8 8.9 12.1132Xe26+

9.6 10.8 16.1

Energy [MeV/A] 132Xe 40÷44+ 9.1 10.6 12.8 20

with stripper 132Xe 41÷45+ 13 22.8

2007 2008

Eacc [MV/m]

Energy [MeV/A]

High not installed

The ALPI post acceleratorThe ALPI post accelerator


Gianfranco Prete

Accelerated RIBs from U fissionAccelerated RIBs from U fission

Proton driver: 40-50 MeV, 10 Aupgrade to 20 A

Direct target: UCx

Fission rate: 4x1011 f/s

SPES expected beam SPES expected beam intensities : intensities :

at least 20 times at least 20 times HRIBFHRIBF


Gianfranco Prete

Some expected Beams at SPES

1,00E+00

1,00E+01

1,00E+02

1,00E+03

1,00E+04

1,00E+05

1,00E+06

1,00E+07

1,00E+08

1,00E+09

1,00E+10

70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150

inte

ns

ity

(se

c-1

)

mass

Accelerated RIB beams

132Sn

Ga

KrSr

AgIn

Sn Cs

ionization efficiencies: (1+) 30% and (n+) 4%(1+) 90% and (n+) 12% for Kr and Xe,

Transport efficiency 50%


Gianfranco Prete

Neutron rich beams expected at SPES facilityElement Mass Most Intense

isotope(1/s)

IonizationEff (%)

Target SourceSurface IonizationLaser Ionization

R&D (difficulty)

Ni 65-69 10+6 6 UCx LIS **

Cu 66-76 10+6 7 UCx LIS **

Zn 72-79 10+6 5 UCx LIS **

Ga 72-84 10+6 20 UCx LIS **

Ge 75-84 10+7 3 UCx LIS ***

Rb 86-94 10+9 65 UCx SIS *

Sr 89-96 10+8 UCx SIS+LIS ***

Y 90-97 10+7 UCx LIS ****

Pd 111-118 10+7 UCx LIS ****

Ag 110-120 10+8 14 UCx LIS **

Cd 115-124 10+8 10 UCx LIS **

In 116-128 10+8 15 UCx SIS+LIS **

Sn 123-134 10+9 15 UCx LIS **

Sb 124-135 10+8 3 UCx LIS ***

Te 129-138 10+7 UCx LIS ****

Cs 134-144 10+9 85 UCx SIS *

Ba 139-146 10+8 UCx SIS+LIS ***

La 141-145 10+6 UCx SIS+LIS ***


Gianfranco Prete

The driver cyclotron(Commercial solution chosen)

IBA C70 characteristics: (possible candidate)

• Diameter < 4m

• Weight > 120t

• Magnetic Gap: 30mm• Magnetic field: 1.55T• Extraction Radius: 1.2m• 2 exit ports

SPES designSPES design

• Particles: H- / D- / He2+/ HH+

• Variable Energy : 15 MeV 70 MeV

• extraction Systems: Stripper H- / D-

Deflector He2+/ HH+

• Performances: 750µA H- 70MeV IBA C70 cyclotron: 35µA He2+ 70MeV


Gianfranco Prete

RIB transport lines

20 m

HRMS

CBMS

Charge Breeder(HVplatform 250kV)

TIS – RF Cooler - WienFilter(60kV extraction + 250kV platform)

8 m15 m

cryopanel

1/15000

1/2500

43 m


Gianfranco Prete

Second stage of the EXCYTisobaric mass separator

Comparison of the main parameters of the EXCYT and the SPES

mass spectrometer.

Project name EXCYT SPES

Number of dipoles 2 2

Bending Angle 90° 110°

Bending radius 2.6 m 2.6 m

Entrance/exit angle 12.8° 32°

Magnetic field range 0.6 - 4.4 kGauss 1.0 - 4.4 kGauss

beam size at analysis slits 0.4 mm 0.4 mm

Teta acceptance 40 mrad 40 mrad

(x,x’) emittance 4 mm.mrad 4 mm.mrad

Y beam size 2 mm 2 mm

Phi acceptance 10 mrad 10 mrad

(y,y’) emittance 4 mm.mrad 5 mm.mrad

Resolving power >15.000 >20.000

Dispersion 16 m 28 m

High Resolution Mass Separator


Gianfranco Prete

Which Charge Breeder?

REXEBIS+REXTRAPPulsed mode

PHOENIX boosterCW mode

Efficiency 15 4% 10 2% broader charge statedistribution

Breeding time From 13 to 500ms depending on A 100 ms to 300ms

A/q 2 – 4.5 4 – 8

A No real limitation Injection difficult A<40

Mode Pulsed Continuous or pulsed

Imax few nA 1 μA

Beam emittance

15-20 mm·mrad (95% geometrical)for 20·q keV – measured

10 mm·mrad at 19.5*q keV (90%)

Background Beside residual gas peaks <0.1pA Usually >2nA

Reliability Cathode is fragile (could be solved with different gun design) and overall system complex

Robust and simple

Eurisol_DS Task9 preliminary report 2008

EBIS or ECR ??

Follo

w and

par

tecip

ate

to th

e

deve

lopm

ent p

rogr

ess.

(CW

ope

ratio

n)

Ope

ratio

n m

ode

fits

to A

LPI r

eque

sts.

App

elin

g re

liabi

lity

and

sim

plic

ity


Gianfranco Prete

SPESNeutron facility

Measurement of Maxwellian Averaged Cross Section (MACS): Measurement of Maxwellian Averaged Cross Section (MACS): the quantity needed for the calculation of the stellar reaction rate.the quantity needed for the calculation of the stellar reaction rate.

Irradiation facility: production of nuclear data (neutron capture cross section) Irradiation facility: production of nuclear data (neutron capture cross section) for nuclear energy, new technologies, international agencies (NEA,IAEA)for nuclear energy, new technologies, international agencies (NEA,IAEA)

Radiation hardness studies on electronics and detectors for Radiation hardness studies on electronics and detectors for High Energy Physics, Space and Avionic applicationsHigh Energy Physics, Space and Avionic applications

Radiobiology application: cell irradiation facility complementary to Radiobiology application: cell irradiation facility complementary to actual radiobiology facility at ALPI and CNactual radiobiology facility at ALPI and CN

Nuclear medicine research: Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. Nuclear medicine research: Boron Neutron Capture Therapy.


Gianfranco Prete

• 6/6 modules machined• RFQ1 and RFQ2 brazed and accepted• RFQ3 first brazing performed• All modules brazed within 2008

RFQ construction: status

5MeV 30-50mA5MeV 30-50mA

TRASCOHIGH CURRENT proton linac

TRIPS Ion Source TRIPS Ion Source (developed by LNS and (developed by LNS and

operated at LNL)operated at LNL)

Brazing process performed at CERN


Gianfranco Prete

Neutron Beam

Neutron Flux = 51010 n cm2 s-1

Lithium target

Berillium target

Thermal neutron beam at exit port of moderator:

109 n cm-2 s-1

Irradiation facility: Irradiation facility: 2 experimental halls2 experimental halls

BNCT

Astrophysics and irradiation


Gianfranco Prete

Radiation safety issues


Gianfranco Prete

Target radioactivity

Radius of the

sphere(cm)

Average neutron

flux(cm-2 s-1)

Average neutron ambient dose

equivalent H*(10) (Sv/h)

15.5 1.9101

0

2.5104

100 3.9108 5.4102

Target inventory evaluated by ENEAIrradiation = 30 daysProduced actinides: U236 (0.34 mg), Np 237 (0.52 mg), Pu236 (0.10 mg), Pu239 (5 mg)

Neutron doses.

cooling days

source s-1

Max dose on the anticorodal sphere

surface

3 1.6·1012 6 Sv/h

365 3.7·109 13 mSv/h

Calculated dose. The radius of the anticorodal sphere is r=15.5cm.


Gianfranco PreteSPES TARGET GROUP

At ISOLDE ‘ .. monitor BLM at 2.3 m from target indicates 12

Gy/h for U-runs ..’

From ‘RADIATION PROTECTION ISSUES

WITH ACTINIDE TARGETS AT ISOLDE’

Talk: A. DORSIVAL, CERN-SC-RP

First Workshop on Actinide Target Development

April 27-29, 2006

At SPES : Total Dose at 2.3 m from the target forseen 100 Sv/h for UCx -> ~ 10 Gy/h

-> Same dose as ISOLDE

From ‘The SPES target – Power deposition and preliminary radiation

protections analyses’

C. Petrovich ENEA Report FPN-P815-007

Target Target ActivationActivation


Gianfranco Prete

Preliminary project of

safety systems

• Detailed Shielding analisys

• Vacuum pumps Exaust System

• Nuclear Ventilation System

• Cooling and Drainage of controlled area

• Radiation and access Control Systems

RISK EVALUATIONSAFETY REPORT

Expertise and PeopleExpertise and People

D.Zafiropoulos (Qualified Expert)L.Sarchiapone (FLUKA)

G.Bassato (ControlSystemDesign)S.Canella (ControlSystemDesign)

M.Giacchini (EPICS)

Palermo University (Nuclear Ingeneering)Padova Univ. (Nuclear WasteBuilding)


Gianfranco Prete

LNL Director: G.Puglierin

LNS Director: M.Lattuada

Advisory Committee

SPES Working Group

Steering Committee

Project Leader: G.Prete

Technical Coordinator: A.PisentScientific Coordinator: A.CovelloQualified Espert: D.Zafiropoulos

Task LeadersProject manager

Management board

SPES project organization

La Rana, Pirrone, Colonna, Million, Bruno, Lunardi, Corradi, Casini, Cuttone, Alba


Gianfranco Prete

SPES Working Group

task responsible

1 Safety, Radiation protectionControl system

F.Gramegna

2 Infrastructure P.Favaron

3 Direct TargetRIB Sources, Beam Test

A. Andrighetto

4 RIB manipulationCharge Breeder, Spectrometer

L.Calabretta (interim)

5 High Intensity Proton DriverNeutron Facility and BNCT

A.Pisent

6 Re-accelerator G.Bisoffi

7 High Energy Proton Driver A. Lombardi

8 Scientific support A. Covello

0 Project Management

Project Leader: G.Prete

Technical CoordinatorA.Pisent

Scientific Coordinator A.Covello

Radiation protection Procedures D.Zafiropoulos


Gianfranco Prete

Ingegneria Meccanica (Sezione Materiali) – Univ. di PadovaIngegneria Meccanica (Sezione Materiali) – Univ. di Padova

Dipartimento Scienze Chimiche – Univ. di PadovaDipartimento Scienze Chimiche – Univ. di Padova

Ingegneria Meccanica (Sezione Progettazione) – Univ. di PadovaIngegneria Meccanica (Sezione Progettazione) – Univ. di Padova

Ingegneria Meccanica (Sezione Meccatronica) – Univ. di TrentoIngegneria Meccanica (Sezione Meccatronica) – Univ. di Trento

Ingegneria Informatica – Univ. di PadovaIngegneria Informatica – Univ. di Padova

ENEA Bologna ENEA FaenzaENEA Bologna ENEA Faenza

Ingegneria Nucleare-Univ. di PalermoIngegneria Nucleare-Univ. di Palermo

(Ing. Energetica Politecnico di Torino)(Ing. Energetica Politecnico di Torino)

SPES CollaborationsSPES Collaborations

International collaborations:International collaborations:

ISOLDE-CERN, HRIBF-ORNLISOLDE-CERN, HRIBF-ORNL

SPIRAL2- Ganil (LEA), ISAC-TRIUMF SPIRAL2- Ganil (LEA), ISAC-TRIUMF

Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro – Laboratori Nazionali del SudLaboratori Nazionali di Legnaro – Laboratori Nazionali del Sud

Sez INFN: Padova, Milano, Bologna, Catania, Firenze, Napoli, BariSez INFN: Padova, Milano, Bologna, Catania, Firenze, Napoli, Bari

Target development

Nuclear safety and radioprotection


Gianfranco Prete

RIB production targets - R&D program on Uranium Carbide targets;- design of the target/ion source systems;- targets test experiments and analysis of results with the objectives to quantify the target efficiency in its final geometry.- definition of the industrial fabrication method of the SPIRAL2 high density target.Neutron converter- design, construction and tests of neutron converter for SPIRAL2;- definition of the nuclear constraints for the converter of SPIRAL2;- design of the remote handling system for SPIRAL2.Safety and radioprotection

-evaluation of the risks due to the operation of the ISOL facilities SPIRAL2 and SPES based on UCx targets;-study and design of the safety and radioprotection system according to national laws; exchange of qualified personnel competence, access to documentation, technical drawings and codes for safety and radioprotection;-design and construction of the cryogenic radioactive gas trapping system for SPES and SPIRAL2;

Accelerator technology-Beam control system-high intensity beam diagnostic -low intensity RIB diagnostic systems

High resolution Mass Separator-Beam optics study for isotope selection-Design study for 1/20000 mass spectrometer

Charge Breeder (CB)-collaboration on the development and construction of CB systems-project of SPES CB on the basis of the developed SPIRAL2 ECR CB

Memorandum of Understanding INFN – Ganilon common technical developments of ISOL facilities


Gianfranco Prete

SPES – ISOLDE MoUTarget development:

material studycharacterizationtest

Laser source for RIB:participation to RILIS development

Radiation safety:safety reportspecial services for RIBrisk evaluation

Charge Breeder and Beam Transport:technical discussions system design definition

Superconductive Linac cavity development:Sputtering of Quarter Wave cavities


Gianfranco Prete

PlanningPlanning

2006-2008: - Prototype study of the Target

- Facility design

2009: - Authorization requests: safety and radioprotection

2009-2013: - Facility construction

SPES Project at LNL:


Gianfranco Prete

SPES SCHEDULESPES SCHEDULE2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Facility design

Target and source prototypes

Authorization to operate

Building construction

Target installation and commissioning

Completion of RFQ for Neutron Facility

Installation and commissioning Neutron Facility

Cyclotron construction

Cyclotron Installation and commissioning

Alpi preparation for post acceleration

Installation of RIBs transfer lines and spectrometer

Complete commissioning


Gianfranco Prete

SPES Economic plan kEuro

infrastructures 14840

Target (2 stations) 5900

Beam Transfer 7650

safetyRadioprotection 6000

Cyclotron 8400

Re-accelerator 7000

High Intensity Linac 3600

Neutron Facility BNCT - LENOS 3300

56690

MINIMUM for RIB production only (1 target): 41 MeuroMINIMUM for RIB production only (1 target): 41 Meuro


Gianfranco Prete

SPES projectstatus

• Waiting for final SPES approval by INFN (November 2008) Waiting for final SPES approval by INFN (November 2008)

• Preliminary Project in progress (infrastructure and buildings)Preliminary Project in progress (infrastructure and buildings)

• Project ready for construction phaseProject ready for construction phase


Gianfranco Prete

• End presentation

LEA-COLLIGA LNS (Catania) October 13 - 15 2008 Gianfranco Prete The SPES Project @ LNL Selective Production of Exotic Species.

Documents

leacolliga lns catania

gianfranco prete spes

mev slide

legnaro slide

lns task3

direct target slide

alpi injector slide

alpi post accelerator