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Le système onusien et les OCI About the United Nations Main Bodies Member States General Assembly President Secretary -General Renewing the United Nations UN Action against Terrorism Issues on the UN Agenda Civil Society & Busines Faculté de foresterie et de géomatique
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Le système onusien et les OCI About the United Nations Main Bodies Member States General Assembly President Secretary-General Renewing the United Nations.

Apr 01, 2015

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Page 2: Le système onusien et les OCI About the United Nations Main Bodies Member States General Assembly President Secretary-General Renewing the United Nations.

Le système onusien et les OCIAbout the United Nations (History and how does it work):The United Nations was established on 24 October 1945 by 51 countries

committed to preserving peace through international cooperation and collective security. Today, nearly every nation in the world belongs to the UN: membership totals 192 countries. When States become Members of the United Nations, they agree to accept the obligations of the UN Charter, an international treaty that sets out basic principles

of international relations.

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Page 3: Le système onusien et les OCI About the United Nations Main Bodies Member States General Assembly President Secretary-General Renewing the United Nations.

Le système onusien et les OCIAbout the United Nations (History and how does it work):According to the Charter, the UN has four purposes: to maintain international

peace and security; to develop friendly relations among nations; to cooperate in solving international problems and in promoting respect for human rights; and to be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations.The United Nations is not a world government and it does not make laws. It does, however, provide the means to help resolve international conflicts and formulate policies on matters affecting all of us. At the UN, all the Member States — large and small, rich and poor, with differing political views and social systems — have a voice and a vote in this process.

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Page 4: Le système onusien et les OCI About the United Nations Main Bodies Member States General Assembly President Secretary-General Renewing the United Nations.

Le système onusien et les OCIAbout the United Nations:The United Nations was established on 24 October 1945 by 51 countries

committed to preserving peace through international cooperation and collective security. Today, nearly every nation in the world belongs to the UN: membership totals 192 countries. When States become Members of the United Nations, they agree to accept the obligations of the UN Charter, an international treaty that sets out basic principles

of international relations.

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Le système onusien et les OCI

• The United Nations has six main organs. Five of them — the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council and the Secretariat — are based at UN Headquarters in New York. The sixth, the International Court of Justice, is located at The Hague in the Netherlands.

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Le système onusien et les OCI• Most of us have heard about United Nations peacekeeping and humanitarian

assistance. But the many other ways the UN affects all our lives are not always so well known.

• more than 30 affiliated organizations, known together as the UN system or Family (UNDP, UNDCP, UNHCR, UNHCR, UNDPA, UNDPKO, ILO) to promote respect for human rights, protect the environment, fight disease and reduce poverty. UN agencies define the standards for safe and efficient air travel and help improve telecommunications and enhance consumer protection. UN leads the international campaigns against drug trafficking and terrorism. UN and its agencies assist refugees, set up programmes to clear landmines, help expand food production and lead the fight against AIDS.

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Le système onusien et les OCIGeneral Assembly President: All UN Member States are

represented in the General Assembly — a "parliament of nations" which meets regularly and in special sessions to consider the world's most pressing problems. Each Member State has one vote.

The centrepiece of the Assembly’s 60th anniversary session, in 2005, is a five-year review by world leaders of its 2000 Millennium Declaration, including action on a comprehensive set of recommendations submitted by the Secretary-General to reduce poverty, address security threats, stem human rights abuses, and approve major changes to strengthen the functioning of the United Nations.

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Le système onusien et les OCISecurity Council: The UN Charter gives the Security Council primary

responsibility for maintaining international peace and security. The Council may convene at any time, whenever peace is threatened. Under the Charter, all Member States are obligated to carry out the Council's decisions. There are 15 Council members. Five of these — China, France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom and the United States — are permanent members. The other 10 are elected by the General Assembly for two-year terms. Member States continue to discuss changes in Council membership and working methods to reflect today's political and economic realities. Decisions of the Council require nine yes votes. Except in votes on procedural questions, a decision cannot be taken if there is a no vote, or veto, by a permanent member.

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Le système onusien et les OCI• The Economic and Social Council: under the overall authority of the

General Assembly, coordinates the economic and social work of the UN and the UN family of organizations. It also consults with non-governmental organizations (NGOs), thereby maintaining a vital link between the United Nations and civil society. The Council has 54 members, elected by the General Assembly for three-year terms. It meets throughout the year and holds a major session in July, during which a high-level meeting of Ministers discusses major economic, social and humanitarian issues. The Commission on Human Rights, for example, monitors the observance of human rights throughout the world. Other bodies focus on such issues as social development, the status of women, crime prevention, narcotic drugs and sustainable development. Five regional commissions promote economic development and cooperation in their respective regions.

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Les ODM (2015)

1. Réduire de moitié l’extrême pauvreté et la faim;

2. Assurer l’éducation primaire pour tous;

3. Promouvoir l’égalité des sexes et l’autonomisation des femmes;

4. Réduire de deux tiers la mortalité des enfants de moins de 5 ans;

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ODM (suite)

5. Réduire de trois quart la mortalité maternelle;

6. Combattre les maladies, en particulier le VIH/SIDA et le paludisme;

7. Assurer un environnement durable;

8. Mettre en œuvre un partenariat mondial pour le développement, en fixant des objectifs relatifs à l’aide aux échanges commerciaux et à l’atténuation de la dette.

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Le système onusien et les OCI

• The Trusteeship Council: established to provide international supervision for 11 Trust Territories administered by seven Member States and ensure that adequate steps were taken to prepare the Territories for self-government or independence. By 1994, all Trust Territories had attained self-government or independence, either as separate States or by joining neighbouring independent countries. The last to do so was the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands — Palau — which was administered by the United States and became the 185th UN Member State. Its work completed, the Trusteeship Council now consists of the five permanent members of the Security Council. It has amended its rules of procedure to allow it to meet as and when the occasion may require.

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Le système onusien et les OCI• The International Court of Justice: also known as the World Court,

is the main judicial organ of the UN. Its 15 judges are elected by the General Assembly and the Security Council, voting independently and concurrently. The Court decides disputes between countries, based on the voluntary participation of the States concerned. If a State agrees to participate in a proceeding, it is obligated to comply with the Court's decision. The Court also gives advisory opinions to the United Nations and its specialized agencies.

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Le système onusien et les OCI• The Secretariat : carries out the substantive and administrative work

of the United Nations as directed by the General Assembly, the Security Council and the other organs. At its head is the Secretary-General, who provides overall administrative guidance.

The Secretariat consists of departments and offices with a total staff of about 7,500 under the regular budget, drawn from some 170 countries. Duty stations include UN Headquarters in New York, as well as UN offices in Geneva, Vienna, Nairobi and other locations.

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Dialogue international sur les forêts

• CNUED (1992): Principes relatifs aux forêts ou Déclaration de principes, non juridiquement contraignante, pour un consensus mondial sur la gestion, la conservation et l’exploitation écoviable de tous les types de forêts;

• 1995 à 1997: GIF a été établi dans le cadre de la Commission du DD des Nations Unies;

• 1997 à 2000: FIF a succédé au GIF; • Le GIF et le FIF ont accepté plus de 200 propositions

d’action en faveur de l’aménagement durable des forêts, mais n’ont pas réussi à résoudre certains problèmes délicats liés au financement, au transfert de technologie et au commerce.

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Dialogue international (suite)

• FNUF (2000 à 2005) dont les objectifs sont:− faciliter et promouvoir la mise en œuvre des propositions

d’action du GIF/FIF; − offrir une tribune pour l’élaboration permanente de politiques

et pour un dialogue continu; − renforcer la coopération et la coordination des programmes

relatifs aux forêts; − promouvoir la coopération internationale et transsectorielle; − assurer le suivi et évaluer les progrès accomplis sur la voie

de l’aménagement durable des forêts; − renforcer l’engagement politique à long terme.

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Dialogue international (suite)

• Le Partenariat de collaboration sur les forêts (PCF), un organe inter-institutions constitué de 14 organisations, institutions et instruments internationaux en rapport avec la foresterie, présidé par la FAO, a été établi en avril 2001 pour soutenir le FNUF dans ses travaux et renforcer la coopération et la coordination dans le secteur forestier;

• Les six Commissions régionales des forêts de la FAO (pour l’Afrique, l’Asie et le Pacifique, l’Europe, l’Amérique latine et les Caraïbes, le Proche-Orient et l’Amérique du Nord), ainsi que son Comité des forêts (COFO) servent aussi de tribune pour un dialogue international sur les forêts.

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Dialogue international (suite)

• Les pays en faveur d’un instrument juridiquement contraignant sur les forêts souhaitent que les questions forestières soient traitées (éventuellement séparément), de divers accords environnementaux multilatéraux, dont la Convention sur la diversité biologique (CDB) et le Protocole de Kyoto, de la Convention-cadre des Nations Unies sur le changement climatique (CCCC-ONU). Ils soutiennent qu’une convention sur les forêts prendrait en compte tous les types de forêts et toutes les valeurs forestières, de manière complète et exhaustive, en fournissant un programme d’action commun, un cadre pour son application et des règles et des objectifs impartiaux pour mesurer les performances des pays;

• Les pays opposés à une convention forestière font valoir que des arrangements volontaires comme les neuf processus régionaux et écorégionaux relatifs aux critères et aux indicateurs de l’aménagement durable des forêts, démontrent que des mesures contraignantes ne sont pas nécessaires.

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Exemples de thèmes en rapport avec la foresterie au niveau international

• Etendue des ressources forestières: déforestation, promotion des forêts naturelles et plantées, remise en état et régénération des terres dégradées, conservation du couvert forestier;

• Diversité biologique forestière: conservation et aires protégées, protection des types de forêts uniques et des écosystèmes fragiles, diversité des écosystèmes;

• Santé et vitalité des forêts: dégradation des forêts, pollution atmosphérique, feux, insectes, ravageurs et maladies, espèces exotiques envahissantes;

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Exemples de thèmes (suite)

• Fonctions productives des forêts: récolte durable du bois, produits forestiers non ligneux;

• Fonctions protectrices des forêts: conservation des sols et des eaux, contribution aux cycles mondiaux du carbone, écosystèmes fragiles, stratégies de conservation;

• Avantages socioéconomiques procurés par les forêts: offre et demande, emploi et création de revenus, systèmes de gestion autochtones et communautaires, connaissances traditionnelles, évaluation des biens et des services, instruments économiques, politiques fiscales et régimes fonciers;

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Exemples de thèmes (suite)

• Cadre juridique, politique et institutionnel: programmes nationaux relatifs aux forêts et à l’utilisation des terres, critères et indicateurs d’aménagement durable des forêts, suivi, évaluation et établissement de rapports, science et recherche, participation du public, gouvernance et mise en application des lois;

• Coopération et commerce internationaux: assistance financière, transfert de technologie, renforcement de capacités, commerce international de produits et de services, commerce illégal des produits forestiers.