LE SUBJONCTIF
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LE SUBJONCTIF
Subjunctive is a mood
just like the indicative mood and
the conditional mood
(each mood has different tenses – present, past…)
The subjunctive mood expresses the speaker’s subjective attitudes toward events and actions or states the speaker’s views as uncertain or hypothetical.
How to form the present subjunctive for regular verbs
◦The je,tu,il,elle,ils,elles come from taking the ils/elles form of the present, take off the –ent and add:
◦Je –e nous –ions ** the nous
◦Tu –es vous –iez and vous come
◦Il/elle -e from the
◦ils/elles –ent imparfait
◦** not really needed for true regular verbs, but it will save you time later to just know this now!
parler
Je parle
Tu parles
Il parle
Nous parlions
Vous parliez
Ils parlent
finir
Je finisse
Tu finisses
Il finisse
Nous finissions
Vous finissiez
Ils finissent
attendre
Je attende
Tu attendes
Il attende
Nous attendions
Vous attendiez
Ils attendent
** the nous and vous form are the same as the imparfait.
How to form the present subjunctive for stem-changing verbs
Same endings as before!
But this is where getting used to the nous and vous
coming from the imparfait really helps out!
venir
Je vienne
Tu viennes
Il vienne
Nous venions
Vous veniez
Ils viennent
prendre
Je prenne
Tu prennes
Il prenne
Nous prenions
Vous preniez
Ils prennent
boire
Je boive
Tu boives
Il boive
Nous buvions
Vous buviez
Ils boivent
** the nous and vous form are the same as the imparfait.
How to form the present subjunctive for irregular verbs
MEMORIZATION!!!!
Of course!
avoir
J’aie
Tu aies
Il aie
Nous ayons
Vous ayez
Ils aient
être
Je sois
Tu sois
Il soit
Nous soyons
Vous soyez
Ils soient
faire
Je fasse
Tu fasses
Il fasse
Nous fassions
Vous fassiez
Ils fassent
aller pouvoir
j’aille je puisse
tu ailles tu puisses
il aille il puisse
nous allions nous puissions
vous alliez vous puissiez
elles aillent elles puissent
savoir vouloir
je sache je veuille
tu saches tu veuilles
il sache il veuille
nous sachions nous voulions
vous sachiez vous vouliez
elles sachent elles veuillent
In order to use the subjunctive, you need to
have two clauses connected by que. The two
clauses also need to have two different
subjects.
There are different contexts of when
to use the subjunctive.
Here are some verbs and expressions of will that use the subjunctive:
Demander que… = to ask that…
Désirer que… = to want / desire that…
Exiger que… = to demand that…
Préférer que… = to prefer that…
Proposer que… = to propose that…
Recommender que… = to recommend that…
Souhaiter que… = to wish that…
Suggérer que = to suggest that…
Vouloir que… = to want that…
Here are some verbs and expressions of emotions that use the
subjunctive:
aimer que… = to like that…
Avoir peur que… = to be afraid that…
Être content(e) que… = to be glad that…
Être désolé(e) que… = to be sorry that…
Être furieux / furieuse que… = to be furious that…
Être heureux / heureuse que… = to be happy that…
Être surprise(e) que… = to be surprised that…
Être triste que = to be sad that…
regretter que… = to regret that…
If there aren’t two different subjects then the infinitive is
used.
When avoir peur, regretter and the être expressions are used
with an infinitive then add “de” before the infinive.
Examples:
J’ai peur de voir un serpent.
Nous sommes heureux d’aller en vacances.
The following impersonal expressions of
opinions are often followed by clauses in the
subjunctive.
Use que with a specific person or thing. If
no specific person of thing is mentioned,
then use de followed by an infinitive.
Il est bon que… = it is good that…
Il est dommage que… = it is a shame that…
Il est essentiel que… = it is essential that…
Il est important que… = it is important that…
Il est indispensable que… = it is essential that…
Il est nécessaire que… = it is necessary that…
Il est possible que… = it is possible that…
Il faut que… = one must… / it is necessary that…
Il vaut mieux que… = it is better that…
Il est essentiel qu’on réduise le gaspillage. (it is essential that we reduce
waste.)
But
Il est essentiel de réduire le gaspillage. (it is essential to reduce waste.)
Il faut qu’on ferme l’usine. (we must close the factory.)
But
Il faut fermer l’usine. (we must close the factory.)
Remember, that there needs to be two
clauses with two different subjects.
Impersonal expressions of opinions,
expression of will and emotion will take
the subjunctive so far.
Expressions of doubt, disbelief, and
uncertainty use subjunctive.
Douter que… to doubt that…
Ne pas croire que… not to believe that…
Ne pas penser que… not to think that…
Il est douteux que… it is doubtful that…
il est impossible que… it is impossible that…
il n’est pas certain que… it is uncertain that…
il n’est pas sûr que… it is not sure that…
il n’est pas vrai que… it is untrue that…
Je doute que ce concert soit bon.
I doubt that this concert is good.
Il n’est pas sûr qu’il ait un entracte.
It’s not sure that there is an intermission.
Je ne crois pas qu’on vende les billets ici.
I don’t believe that they sell tickets here.
Expressions of certainty use indicative.
croire que … to believe that…
Penser que… to think that…
Savoir que… to know that…
Il est certain que… it is certain that…
il est clair que… it is clear that…
il est évident que… it is evident that…
il est sûr que… it is sure that…
il est vrai que… it is true that…
On sait que l’histoire finit mal.
We know the story ends badly.
Il est certain qu’elle comprend.
It is certain that she understands.
Sometimes certainty expressions used in a question can
feel doubtful or uncertain, so the subjunctive will be used.
Crois-tu que cet acteur fasse un bon Charles de Gaulle?
Do you believe that this actor makes a good Charles de Gaulle?
Est-il vrai que vous partiez déjà en vacances?
Is it true that you’re already leaving on vacation?
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