Laura McTighe Co-Director Institute for Community Justice 21 S. 12 th Street, 7 th Floor Philadelphia, PA 19107 Confronting the.

Laura McTigheCo-Director

Institute for Community Justice21 S. 12th Street, 7th Floor

Philadelphia, PA 19107www.community-justice.org

Confronting the Social Confronting the Social Drivers Drivers of HIV Incidence in the USof HIV Incidence in the US

HIV and Incarceration: A Case HIV and Incarceration: A Case StudyStudy

Laura McTighe | Institute for Community Justice | 21 S. 12th Street, 7th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19107 | www.community-justice.org

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A Snapshot of A Snapshot of HIV and IncarcerationHIV and Incarceration

More than 1 in 100 people in the U.S.are currently in prisonin prison. 1

1 in 31 people are currently in prison, on probation or on parolein prison, on probation or on parole. 2

1 in 7 people with HIV people with HIV will pass through prison this year. 3

1Pew Center on the States.(2008) “One in 100: Behind Bars in America 2008.”2Pew Center on the States. (2009)“One in 31: The Long Reach of American Corrections.”3Spaulding AC, Seals RM, Page MJ, Brzozowski AK, Rhodes W, et al. (2009) “HIV/AIDS among Inmates of and Releases

from US Correctional Facilities, 2006: Declining Share of Epidemic but Persistent Public Health Opportunity.” PLoS ONE 4(11): e7558. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007558


Two Crises, Two Crises, the Same Communitiesthe Same Communities

1 in 9 Black men between the ages of 20 and 34 is in prison, but only 1 in 30 of the general population.

Black men comprise only 13% of the population, but account for half of new HIV diagnoses.

Since 1980, 8 times as many women are incarcerated. 75% of these women are mothers, two-thirds with children under the age of 18.

More than 25% of people diagnosed with HIV are women. AIDS remains the leading cause of death among Black women ages 25 to 34.

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The link among race, prison and HIV is so strong that it almost completely explains the disproportionate impact of HIV in the Black community.4

4Rucker C. Johnson & Steven Raphael. (2005) “The Effects of Male Incarceration Dynamics on AIDS Infection Rates Among Africa-American Women and Men.” S\ee Also: Robert Fullilove. (2006)“African Americans, Health Disparities and HIV/AIDS: Recommendations for Confronting the Epidemic in Black America.” National Minority AIDS Council.


LegislatingLegislatingHIV Vulnerability HIV Vulnerability

Just as the War on Drugs was gaining speed in the 1980s, the AIDS crisis broke.

The same policies that have built mass incarceration in the US have also become primary forces fueling the fueling the domestic AIDS epidemicdomestic AIDS epidemic.

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Community Health Community Health in a Time of Mass in a Time of Mass IncarcerationIncarceration

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Relationship Instability

Fractured Communitie

s

Loss of Caregivers

Financial Instability Broken

Family Ties

Lack of Jobs

Lack of Social

Services

Fractured Communiti

es

Arrest – Jail/Prison – Reentry

Need for Services and Support


A Vision for A Vision for Community Healing Community Healing

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Relationship Stability

Community Community WholenessWholeness

Family Support

Financial Stability

Family Reintegratio

n

Ready Employme

nt

Access to Social

Services

Community Community WholenessWholenessArrest – Jail/Prison –

ReentryComprehensive Care and

Support


Beyond Prison-BasedBeyond Prison-BasedTesting, Prevention and Testing, Prevention and CareCare

“We must remember… that incarceration itself—not just inadequate prevention and care behind bars—contributes substantially to the global burden of HIV, particularly among drug users and sex workers.

In fact, we would argue that the single most important strategy single most important strategy in controlling HIV in prison is to

stem the rate of incarceration itselfstem the rate of incarceration itself.”5

5Duncan Smith-Rohrberg Maru, Sanjay Basu, & Frederick L Altice. (2007) "HIV control efforts should directly address incarceration.” The Lancet Infectious Diseases: Vol. 7 No. 9.

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Structural Interventions forStructural Interventions forPreventing HIV and Preventing HIV and IncarcerationIncarceration

In Communities:Sentencing reformCommunitypolicingPrison budget reinvestmentYouth empowerment

In Jail/Prison:Harm reduction programs Treatment education and advocacyGood time earned time

At Reentry:Civic participationCommunity-led mentoringJob creation and retentionHousing expansion

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~thank you~~thank you~

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contact: Laura [email protected] 215.525-0460 x402 (office)267.205.3998 (cell)

www.community-justice.org

Laura McTighe Co-Director Institute for Community Justice 21 S. 12 th Street, 7 th Floor Philadelphia, PA 19107 Confronting the.

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