Launch List 1. Where was the first shot fired of the civil war? 2. Where did the surrender take place? 3. Who took over for Lincoln as President?

Launch List

• 1. Where was the first shot fired of the civil war?

• 2. Where did the surrender take place?

• 3. Who took over for Lincoln as President?

Morrill Land Grant Act (1861)

• Provided for the sale of public lands in each state.

• Profits went to fund colleges to teach the agricultural and mechanical arts.

Homestead Act (1862)

• “They’re just givin’ away free land!”

• Allowed anyone to file for a quarter-section of free land (160 acres).

• The land was yours at the end of five years if you had built a house on it, dug a well, broken (plowed) 10 acres, fenced a specified amount, and actually lived there.

Pacific Railroad Act (1862)

• “to aid in the construction of a railroad and telegraph line from the Missouri river to the Pacific ocean, and to secure to the government the use of the same for postal, military, and other purposes,"

Pacific Railroad Act (1862)

• Authorizes 2 Union companies he “Union Pacific” and the “Central Pacific” companies to build a transcontinental railroad

• From 1862-1871 the railroads received more than 175 million acres (708,000 km²) of public land - an area more than one tenth of the whole United States and larger than Texas.

National Bank Acts (1862)

• Lincoln was concerned with financing the war so he proposed a system of national banks authorized to issue national bank notes fully backed by federal bonds.

• The system would provide a uniform national currency and would bring banks that entered it under federal control.

Oh, I’m a good ‘old rebelNow that’s just what I am‘N for this Yankee nation,I do not give a damnI’m glad I fought agin’ herI only wish we’d wonI ain’t asked any pardonFor anything I’ve done.


I hates the Yankee nationAnd everything they doI hates the DeclarationOf Independence, tooI hates the glorious Union‘Tis dripping with our bloodI hates their strip’ed bannerI fit it all I could.

I hates the Yankee nationAnd everything they doI hates the DeclarationOf Independence, tooI hates the glorious Union‘Tis dripping with our bloodI hates their strip’ed bannerI fit it all I could.

I rode with Robert E. LeeFor three years, thereaboutGot wounded in four placesAnd I starved at Point LookoutI catched the rheumatismA-campin’ in the snowBut I killed a chance of Yankees And I’d like to kill some more.

I rode with Robert E. LeeFor three years, thereaboutGot wounded in four placesAnd I starved at Point LookoutI catched the rheumatismA-campin’ in the snowBut I killed a chance of Yankees And I’d like to kill some more.

Three hundred thousand YankeesA-stiff in Southern dustWe got three hundred thousandBefore they conquered usThey died of Southern feverAnd Southern steel and shotI wish they were three millionInstead of what we got!

Three hundred thousand YankeesA-stiff in Southern dustWe got three hundred thousandBefore they conquered usThey died of Southern feverAnd Southern steel and shotI wish they were three millionInstead of what we got!

I can’t take up my musketAnd fight ‘em now no moreBut I ain’t gonna love ‘emNow that is certain sureAnd I don’t want no pardonFor what I was and amI won’t be reconstructedAnd I do not give a damn!..

I can’t take up my musketAnd fight ‘em now no moreBut I ain’t gonna love ‘emNow that is certain sureAnd I don’t want no pardonFor what I was and amI won’t be reconstructedAnd I do not give a damn!..



I ain’t asked any pardon,

For anything I’ve done!!

I ain’t asked any pardon,

For anything I’ve done!!

Lyrics Written by:

Major Innes Randolph,

C. S. A.(1865)

Lyrics Written by:

Major Innes Randolph,

C. S. A.(1865)

Sung by:Hoyt Axton

From“Songs of the Civil

War”(Columbia Records)

Sung by:Hoyt Axton

From“Songs of the Civil

War”(Columbia Records)

Reconstruction:Reconstruction: 1865 and 1877Federal Government programs carried out to repair the damage to the South and restore the southern states to the Union.

ISSUES: ISSUES:

FreedmenFreedmen (freed slaves) were starting out their new lives in a poor region with slow economic activity. Plantation owners lost slave labor worth $3

billion. (4 million freed slaves) Poor white Southerners could not find work

because of new job competition from FreedmenFreedmen.

South totally destroyed: South totally destroyed: The war had destroyed two thirds of the

South’s shipping industry and about 9,000 miles of railroad.

South after war 1

are in; to bind up the nation’s wounds….to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and a lasting peace, among

ourselves, and with all nations.”

Lincoln’s speech

“With malice toward none; with

charity for all; with firmness in the

right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to

finish the work we

Lincoln aimed to take it easy on the south.

No Malice = No revenge.

3. Competing Notions of Freedom

• Southern Whites- Want freedom from tyrannical North

• Blacks- Want freedom. • Voting Rights

• Economic Freedom- (land, jobs, education)

President Andrew Johnson

President Andrew Johnson Jacksonian

Democrat. (Lincoln was a Rep.)

White Supremacist.

Agreed with Lincolnthat states had neverlegally left the Union.

“Damn the negroes! I am fighting these traitorous aristocrats, their masters!”-AJ

4. President Johnson’s Plan (10%+)

4. President Johnson’s Plan (10%+)

Offered amnesty upon simple oath to all except: Confederate military officers

New state constitutions, they must accept minimum conditions rejecting slavery, secession and state debts.

President Johnson’s Plan (10%+)

President Johnson’s Plan (10%+)

EFFECTS?

1. Disenfranchised certain leading Confederates.

2. Pardoned planter aristocrats brought them back to political power to control state organizations.

3. Northern Republicans were outraged that planter elite were back in power in the South!

Growing Northern Alarm!

Growing Northern Alarm! Many Southern state

constitutions fell short of minimum (10%) requirements. Johnson granted 13,500 special pardons.

Revival of southern defiance.

BLACK CODES BLACK CODES

•Similar to Similar to Slave Slave CodesCodes. .

•Restricted the Restricted the

freedom of movement.freedom of movement.

•Limited Limited rightsrights of free of free people.people.

As southern states were restored to the Union under President Johnson’s plan, they began to enact black codes, laws that

restricted freedmen’s rights. The black codes established virtual slavery with provisions such as

these:Curfews: Generally, black people could not gather after sunset.Vagrancy laws: Freedmen convicted of vagrancy– that is, not

working– could be fined, whipped, or sold for a year’s labor.Labor contracts: Freedmen had to sign agreements in January

for a year of work. Those who quit in the middle of a contract often lost all the wages they had earned.

Land restrictions: Freed people could rent land or homes only in rural areas. This restriction forced them to live on plantations.

Plans compared

•AmnestyAmnesty : : Presidential pardonPresidential pardon•oath of allegiance---50%•high ranking Confederate officials•loose voting rights if you don’t sign oath

•Write new state ConstitutionsWrite new state Constitutions•Ratify: 13, 14 & 15 Amendments•reject secession and state’s rights•submit to U.S. Government authority

•Help for FreedmenHelp for Freedmen•Freedmen’s Bureau for education•40 acres and a mule•Divide the South into 5 military districts to enforce

Recon. Act of 1867 Recon. Act of 1867 (Harsher than AJ )(Harsher than AJ )

Thaddeus Stevens Charles Summner

•Wanted to the see the South punished.

•Advocated help for Freedmen:

•Political Voting rights

•Social Schools

•Economic Equality Land, jobs (40 acres and a mule) Radical Republicans

Thaddeus Stevens Charles Summner

•Would go after President Johnson through the impeachment process after he vetoes

the Civil Rights Act of 1866.

Thaddeus Stevens, in Congress, Thaddeus Stevens, in Congress, 18661866

“Strip a proud nobility of their bloated estates, send them forth to labor and you

will thus humble the proud traitors.”

Thaddeus Stevens, in Congress, Thaddeus Stevens, in Congress, 18671867

“I am for Negro suffrage in every rebel state. If it be just, it should not be denied: if it be necessary, it should be adopted: if it be a punishment of traitors, they deserve

it.”

Quotes of Radicals

One former ConfederateOne former Confederate

Was amazed to see a government which was

intent on killing us………now generously feeding

our poor and distressed…….

8. “Lost Cause”

• Romantic Idea in the south, that the Civil war was a cause worth fighting for.

• “Second war of independence”

• War of Southern Rights

Mississippi Governor, 1866: Mississippi Governor, 1866: “The Negro is free”“The Negro is free”

“Whether we like it or not; we must realize that fact now and forever.

To be free, however, does not make him a citizen or entitle him to

social or political equality with the white man.”

Freedman’s Bureau 1865: help former slaves get a new start in life.

This was the first major relief agency in United States history.

Bureau’s AccomplishmentsBuilt thousands of schools to educate

Blacks. Former slaves rushed to get an education

for themselves and their children. Education was difficult and dangerous to

gain. Southerners hated the idea that Freedmen would go to school.

Freedmen’s Bureau 2




Freedmen’s Bureau Seen Through Southern Eyes

Freedmen’s Bureau Seen Through Southern Eyes

Plenty to eat and

nothing to do.

10. Carpetbaggers10. Carpetbaggers

Called “carpetbaggers” by white southern Democrats, Many former northern abolitionists risked their lives to help southern freedmen.

11- 14th Amendment (Citizenship)

11- 14th Amendment (Citizenship) Ratified in July, 1868.

* Provide a constitutional guarantee of the rights and security of freed people.

* Insure against neo-Confederate political power.

Southern states would be punished for denying the right to vote to black citizens…

The Balance of Power in Congress


State White Citizens Freedmen

SC 291,000 411,000

MS 353,000 436,000

LA 357,000 350,000

GA 591,000 465,000

AL 596,000 437,000

VA 719,000 533,000

NC 631,000 331,000

12. Reconstruction Acts of 1867


Military Reconstruction Act

* To enforce Reconstruction laws in the 10 Southern states that refused to ratify the 14th Amendment.

* Divide the 10 “unreconstructed states” into 5 military districts.

Military Reconstruction Act

Reconstruction Acts of 1867

Reconstruction Acts of 1867

To Carry out reconstruction plans in the south, republicans in government got the military involved to enforce laws.

They also passed 2 laws which were designed to lessen president Andrew Johnson’s power, to make sure that he stayed with the Reconstruction plans, which were very unpopular in the south.



Command of the Army Act

* The President must issue all Reconstruction orders through the commander of the military.



Tenure of Office Act

* The President could not remove any officials [esp. Cabinet members] without the Senate’s consent, if the position originally required Senate approval.

Designed to protect radical members of Lincoln’s government.

A question of the constitutionality of this law.

15. President Johnson’s Impeachment


Johnson removed Edwin Stanton in February, 1868.

Was sec of war under Lincoln, felt Andrew Johnson was too lenient.



Removing Stanton violated the Tenure of Office Act

Johnson replaced generals in the field who were more sympathetic to the south.

The House impeached him on February 24 before even drawing up the charges by a vote of 126 – 47!

The Senate TrialThe Senate Trial

11 week trial.

Johnson acquitted 35 to 19 (one short of required 2/3s vote).

Impeachment:Impeachment: Bringing charges against the President. Two steps

involved……

1st Step: U. S. House of Representatives hold hearings to decide if there are crimes committed. They then vote on the charges

and if there is a majority, then, charges are brought against the President.

2nd Step: U.S. Senate becomes a courtroom. The President is tried for the charges brought against him. The Chief

Justice of the Supreme Court is the judge. Once trial is completed, Senators must

vote to remove President with a 2/3’s vote.

Impeachment process

Johnson’s Veto

An inflexible President, 1866: Republican cartoon shows Johnson knocking Blacks of the

Freedmen’s Bureau by his veto.

An inflexible President, 1866: Republican cartoon shows Johnson knocking Blacks of the

Freedmen’s Bureau by his veto.

Presidency would suffer as a result of this failed impeachment.

President would be more of a figure-head.

•13th AmendmentAbolished slavery

(1865)

•14th Amendment Provided citizenship & equal protection

under the law. (1868)

•15th Amendment Provided the right to

vote for all men which included white

and black men. (1870)Voting rightsGiving the Black man the right to vote was

truly revolutionary……..A victory for A victory for democracy!democracy!

““Neither slavery nor involuntary slavery nor involuntary servitudeservitude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall shall

exist within the United Statesexist within the United States, or any place subject to their

jurisdiction.”

The CongressCongress shall have power to enforceenforce by appropriate

legislation, the provisions of this article.

14th 13th: Slavery Abolished

““All persons born in the U.S. are citizens of this country and the state they reside in. No state No state shall make or enforce any law shall make or enforce any law

which deprives any person of life, which deprives any person of life, liberty, or property, without due liberty, or property, without due process of lawprocess of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction to

the equal protection of the lawsequal protection of the laws.”

The CongressCongress shall have power to enforceenforce by appropriate

legislation, the provisions of this article.

14th 14th: Rights of Citizens

““The The right of citizensright of citizens of the of the United States to United States to votevote shall not be shall not be denied or abridged by the United denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account States or by any State on account

of race, color, or previous of race, color, or previous condition of servitude”.condition of servitude”.

The The Congress Congress shall have shall have power to power to enforceenforce this article by appropriate this article by appropriate

legislation.legislation.14th

15th: Voting Rights

Black Congressmen

First Black Senators and

representatives in the 42st and 42nd Congress.

Senator Hiram Revels, on the

left was elected in 1870 to

replace the seat vacated by

Jefferson Davis.

First Black Senators and

representatives in the 42st and 42nd Congress.

Senator Hiram Revels, on the

left was elected in 1870 to

replace the seat vacated by

Jefferson Davis.



State White Citizens Freedmen

SC 291,000 411,000

MS 353,000 436,000

LA 357,000 350,000

GA 591,000 465,000

AL 596,000 437,000

VA 719,000 533,000

NC 631,000 331,000

The Taste of FreedomFreedom of movement: Enslaved people often walked away

from plantations upon hearing that the Union army was near. Exodusters: moved to Kansas and Texas

Freedom to own land: Proposals to give white-owned land to freed people got little support from the government. Unofficial land redistribution did take place, however.

Freedom to worship: African Americans formed their own churches and started mutual aid societies, debating clubs, drama societies, and trade associations.

Freedom to learn: Between 1865 and 1870, black educators founded 30 African American colleges.

Once Johnson is impeached,

Congress passes Reconstruction

Act of 1867.

The South would be reconstructed under the Radical Republicans plan.

Republicans would elect Grant as their President

and he would carry out the

Radical Reconstruction.“The Strong

Government”, 1869-1877. Grant

enforcing the Reconstruction Act of 1867 and

“forcing” the South to change.

Military Reconstructio

n

Each number indicates the Military Districts

New South

20. New South

•Becomes industrialized

•Cities rebuilt

•Railroads

•Schools, over a thousand

•Hospitals, 45 in 14 states

•Diversify economy.

21. Funding ReconstructionRebuilding the South’s infrastructure, the public property and

services that a society uses, was one giant business opportunity (VERY CORRUPT!!!)

Roads, bridges, canals, railroads, and telegraph lines had to be rebuilt.

Funds were also needed to expand services to southern citizens. Following the North’s example, all southern states created public school systems by 1872.

Congress, private investors, and heavy taxes paid for Reconstruction. Spending by Reconstruction legislatures added another $130 million to southern debt.

Ku Klux Klan refers to a secret society or

an inner circleOrganized in 1867, in Polaski, Tennessee

by Nathan Bedford Forrest.

Represented the ghosts of dead

Confederate soldiers Disrupted

Reconstruction as much as they could.

Opposed Republicans,

Carpetbaggers, Scalawags and

Freedmen.KKK

Spreading TerrorSpreading TerrorThe Ku Klux Klan

Eliminate the Republican Party in the South by intimidating voters.

Keep African Americans as submissive laborers.

They planted burning crosses on the lawns of their victims and tortured, kidnapped, or murdered them.

Attacked African Americans, carpetbaggers, and scalawags became their victims.

Spreading TerrorSpreading TerrorThe Federal Response

President Grant’s War On Terrorism.The Enforcement Act of 1870 banned the

use of terror, force, or bribery to prevent people from voting.

Other laws banned the KKK and used the military to protect voters and voting places.

As federal troops withdrew from the South, black suffrage all but ended.

kkk

ALL HATED BY THE KKKALL HATED BY THE KKK

CarpetbaggersCarpetbaggers Northerners/Republicans sent to help

reconstruct the South….

ScalawagsScalawags Southerners who helped

Carpetbaggers

Freedmen Freedmen Blacks who tried to vote or were

involved in the reconstruction of their states governments.

South’s Backlash

During Radical Reconstruction, the Republican Party was a mixture of people who had little in common

except a desire to prosper in the postwar South. This bloc of voters included freedmen and two other

groups: carpetbaggers and scalawags.

Northern Republicans who moved to the postwar South became known as carpetbaggers.

Southerners gave them this insulting nickname, which referred to a type of cheap suitcase made from carpet scraps.

Carpetbaggers were often depicted as greedy men seeking to grab power or make a fast buck.

White southern Republicans were seen as traitors and called scalawags.

This was originally a Scottish word meaning “scrawny cattle.”

Refers to one who is a “scoundrel”, reprobate or unprincipled person.

Some scalawags were former Whigs who had opposed secession.

Some were small farmers who resented the planter class. Many scalawags, but not all, were poor.

kkk

Letter About Ku Klux Klan Terror*Letter About Ku Klux Klan Terror*State of Mississippi. Monroe County.

March 30, 1871

My beloved Sister: I will endeavor to answer your joyfully received letter. I

must tell you something about the Ku Klux, they are raging on the other side of the River. They have whipped several white several white

menmen, whipped and killed several Negroeswhipped and killed several Negroes.

They whipped Colonel Hugginswhipped Colonel Huggins, the the Superintendent of the free schools nearly Superintendent of the free schools nearly

to deathto death, and everybody rejoiced when they heard it, for everybody hated him. He

squandered the public money, buyingKKK Quote 3

pianofortes, organs, sofas, and furniture for the Negro School house in Aberdeen.

The people are taxed beyond endurance. The Ku Klux gave him seventy lashesKu Klux gave him seventy lashes, and and

then gave him ten days to leave the then gave him ten days to leave the countrycountry. He left and went to Jackson.

There was a Regiment of Militia came into Aberdeen Friday. They are sent here to put down the Ku Klux. Huggins has come back

with the Militia, but I wouldn't give a straw for his life, for he will be killed.

It is the opinion of most everybody there will be war. The Yankees coming here will

make the Negroes more insolent. KKK Quote 3

With Country full of Yankees, things are going too far, for the free whites of the

South are determined not to put up with it.

A Negro can kill a white man, take it in Court, get a Negro jury, clear him and

then turn him loose, things can't go on this way. We are in a most peculiar situation.

Give my love to all the Connections and write soon. Yours, Jennie

*Mrs. Webb was the wife of William J. Webb, who owned and operated the City Hotel on

the site of the Plainview Hotel, on the Block North of the Monroe County Courthouse, Aberdeen, Mississippi. The Shaw Family

patronized this Hotel. Colonel Huggins left Aberdeen in the night and went back North.

KKK Quote 3

Sharecroppers were Freedmen and poor Whites who stayed in

the South and continued to farm.

Freedmen signed a work contract with their former masters

.Picked cotton or whatever crop

the landowner had. Freedmen did not receive “40

acres and a mule”

•Landowner provided land, tools, animals, house and

charge account at the local store to purchase necessities

•Freedmen provided the labor.

•Sharecropping is based on the “credit” system.

Sharecroppers

Sharecroppers

Advantages Part of a business

ventureRaised their social status

Received 1/3 to 1/2 of crop when

harvestedRaised their self

esteem

DisadvantagesBlacks stay in

SouthSome landowners

refused to honor the contract

Blacks poor and in debt

Economic slavery

1. Poor whites and freedmen have no

jobs, no homes, and no money to buy

land.2. Landowners need laborers and have no

money to pay laborers.

4. Landlord keeps track of the money that

sharecroppers owe him for housing, food

or local store.

5. At harvest time, the sharecropper is

paid.

•Pays off debts.

•If sharecropper owes more to the landlord or store

than his share of the crop is worth;

6. Sharecropper cannot leave the

farm as long as he is in debt to the

landlord.

3. Hire poor whites and freedmen as

laborers

•Sign contracts to work landlord’s land

in exchange for a part of the crop.

Sharecroppers

The election of 1876 and the Compromise of 1877 are referred to as the Corrupt Bargain.

Three southern states withhold their electoral votes until Hayes agrees to pull the Union troops

out of the South.There is no protection for the Freedmen and

the South will regain their states and go back to the way it was.

Rutherford B. HayesRutherford B. Hayes Samuel TildenSamuel Tilden

369369 total electoral votes, need 185185 to win.

164

1876 Election

•Tilden did not receive enough electoral votes.

•Special Commission

gives votes to Hayes.

•Hayes wins the election

•Democrats refuse to recognize Hayes as President

*

*Disputed Electoral

votes

Agreement between

Democrats and Republicans

•Hayes pulls the troops out of the

South.

•Southerners take over their state

governments called “REDEEMERS”

•Successes FreedmenFreedmen would be lost because

Southerners would take over their state

governments.

•Jim CrowJim Crow laws kept Blacks from voting

and becoming equal citizens.

Cartoon of Hayes: end of Reconst

social reality

After Reconstruction, 1865 to 1876, Southern states kept Blacks from

voting and segregated, or separating people by the color of their skin in

public facilities..

Jim Crow laws, laws at the local and state level which segregated whites

from blacks and kept African Americans as 2nd class citizens and

from voting.poll taxesliteracy tests grandfather clause

social reality

The systematic practice of discriminating against

and segregating Black people, especially as

practiced in the American South from the end of

Reconstruction to the mid-20th century

Derogatory name for a Black person, ultimately from the title of a 19th-century minstrel song.

Goal: Take away political and constitutional

rights guaranteed by Constitution: Voting and

equality of all citizens under the law.

JC laws

Poll Taxes:Poll Taxes: Before you could vote, you had to pay taxes to vote. Most poor Blacks could not pay the tax so they

didn’t vote.

Literacy Test:Literacy Test: You had to prove you could read and write before you could vote…. Once again, most poor Blacks

were not literate.

Grandfather clause:Grandfather clause: If your grandfather voted in the 1864 election than you could vote…..Most Blacks did

not vote in 1864, so you couldn’t vote….

social reality

Jim Crow Laws:Jim Crow Laws: segregated Whites and Blacks in

public facilities became the law after Reconstruction:

Jim Crow Laws:Jim Crow Laws: segregated Whites and Blacks in

public facilities became the law after Reconstruction:

•Used at the Used at the local, state local, state levels and levels and

eventually the eventually the national to national to

separate the separate the races inraces in

•kept Blacks, minorities and poor

whites from voting and as 2nd class citizen

status

•kept Blacks, minorities and poor

whites from voting and as 2nd class citizen

status

schools, schools, parks, parks,

transportationtransportation, restaurants, , restaurants,

etc….etc….

JC laws1

The Struggle for African American Suffrage

1865Civil War ends Reconstruction

begins

1870sReconstruction

ends.

1950s-1960sCivil Rights

movement begins.

1900s-1940s Jim Crow laws prevent African

Americans from voting

Plessy vs Ferguson effected social equality for Black

Americans from 1896 to 1960’s

Voting Restrictions for African Americans in the South, 1889-1950’s

JC laws/map

Segregated

1% of Blacks integrated

Less than 5% integrated

25% or more integrated

South’s Backlash1

0 to 2020 to 6060 to 100100 to 200200 or more

Lynchings of Whites/Blacks

South’s Backlash1

The right to vote was taken away

from the Freedmen after Reconstruction

28. Reconstruction EndsThere were five main factors that

contributed to the end of Reconstruction.•Corruption: Reconstruction legislatures & Grant’s

administration symbolized corruption & poor government.

•The economy: Reconstruction legislatures taxed and spent heavily, putting the southern states deeper into debt.

•Violence: As federal troops withdrew from the South, some white Democrats used violence and intimidation to prevent freedmen from voting. This tactic allowed white Southerners to regain control of the state governments.

•The Democrats’ (CORRUPT BARGAIN) return to power: The pardoned ex-Confederates combined with other white Southerners to form a new bloc of Democratic voters known as the Solid South. They blocked Reconstruction policies.

•The Country: The Civil War was over and many Americans wanted to return to what the country was doing before the war.

Successes and Failures of Reconstruction

Successes Failures

Union is restored. Many white southerners bitter towards US govt & Republicans.South’s economy grows and

new wealth is created in the North.

The South is slow to industrialize.

14th and 15th amendments guarantee Blacks the rights of citizenship, equal protection under the law, and suffrage.

After US troops are withdrawn, southern state governments and terrorist organizations effectively deny Blacks the right to vote.Freedmen’s Bureau and

other organizations help many black families obtain housing, jobs, and schooling.

Many black and white southerners remain caught in a cycle of poverty.

Southern states adopt a system of mandatory education.

Racist attitudes toward African Americans continue, in both the South and the North.

Quote by Frederick Douglass 1

Quote by Frederick Douglass 2

Social equality vs. legal equality

Which way would the scale tip?Which way would the scale tip?

social reality

Supreme Court decision Supreme Court decision which legalized segregation which legalized segregation

throughout the nation.throughout the nation.•““Separate but Equal”Separate but Equal” as as

long as public facilities were long as public facilities were equalequal

•Problem:Problem: Black facilities Black facilities would never be equal to would never be equal to

White facilitiesWhite facilities

•Our nation would be Our nation would be segregated until the 1960’s.segregated until the 1960’s.

Reconstruction Map

Solid SouthSolid South Political term that describes how the South would vote in future elections…… Always

voted for the DemocratsDemocrats because they hated the hated the

RepublicansRepublicans.

•Women rights supporters refused to support the 14th Amendment giving African American Men citizenship unless women were added to it.

•Abolitionists would not support women’s rights

Abolitionists vs Women’s rights

Launch List 1. Where was the first shot fired of the civil war? 2. Where did the surrender take place? 3. Who took over for Lincoln as President?

Documents

education slide

aj slide

union pacific

pacific railroad act

southern states

southern state constitutions

free land

union companies