TSPACE RESEARCH REPOSITORY tspace.library.utoronto.ca 2014 Latitudinal trends in herbivory and performance of an invasive species, common burdock (Arctium minus) Post-print/Accepted manuscript Dasvinder Kambo Peter M. Kotanen Kambo, D. & Kotanen, P.M. Biol Invasions (2014) 16: 101. doi:10.1007/s10530-013-0506-z The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-013-0506-z HOW TO CITE TSPACE ITEMS Always cite the published version, so the author(s) will receive recognition through services that track citation counts, e.g. Scopus. If you need to cite the page number of the TSpace version (original manuscript or accepted manuscript) because you cannot access the published version, then cite the TSpace version in addition to the published version using the permanent URI (handle) found on the record page.
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TSPACE RESEARCH REPOSITORY tspace.library.utoronto.ca
2014 Latitudinal trends in herbivory and performance of an invasive species, common burdock (Arctium minus) Post-print/Accepted manuscript Dasvinder Kambo Peter M. Kotanen
The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-013-0506-z
HOW TO CITE TSPACE ITEMS Always cite the published version, so the author(s) will receive recognition through services that track citation counts, e.g. Scopus. If you need to cite the page number of the TSpace version (original manuscript or accepted manuscript) because you cannot access the published version, then cite the TSpace version in addition to the published version using the permanent URI (handle) found on the record page.
of enemy loss also will depend upon the population studied. 415
416
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Kambo & Kotanen: Latitudinal trends
Acknowledgements 417
This work was supported by NSERC Research and Equipment Grants, with assistance from the 418
Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and the Koffler Scientific Reserve. We would especially 419
like to thank Johanna Perz, Diane Krajewski, Saba Haroon, and Kirushanth Gnanachandran for 420
their assistance in the field and the lab, and Nash Turley and two anonymous reviewers for 421
comments on the manuscript. This study complies with all local laws. 422
423
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Figure Legends 588
Fig. 1. Map indicating focal sampling locations. The region surrounding each location was 589
searched for populations of Arctium minus in a stratified sampling scheme. Each location has 590
been labeled with the name of the nearest town: Newmarket (Nm), Peterborough (Pe), Barrie 591
(Ba), Bracebridge (Bb), Huntsville (H), Parry Sound (Ps), Manitoulin Island (Mi), North Bay 592
(Nb), Kirkland Lake (K), Timmins (T), Cochrane (C) and Moosonee (Mo). 593
Fig. 2. Fraction of leaf area affected by various types of herbivory. Data points are population 594
means; N = 105 populations. 2a) Serpentine mine damage vs. latitude. χ21 = 48.71, p <0.001, y = 595
1 / [1 + e-(182.83 - 4.24x)], R2 = 0.37; 2b) Blotch mine damage vs. latitude. χ21 = 31.68, p <0.001, y = 596
1 / [1 + e-(77.39 - 1.84x)], R2 = 0.26; 2c) Total hole damage vs. latitude. χ21 = 71.19, p <0.001, y = 1 / 597
[1 + e-(18.67 -0.46x)], R2 = 0.49; 2d) Total leaf area damaged by herbivores vs. latitude. χ21 = 100.27, 598
p <0.001, y = 1 / [1 + e-(23.14 - 0.55x)], R2 = 0.62 599
Fig. 3. Total number of leaf miners observed on 5 plants per population at different latitudes; N 600
= 99 populations. 3a) Serpentine mines (Liriomyza arctii). χ21 = 100.91, p < 0.001, y = e(89.41 - 601