Latinoimmigrantsandeducation

Latino Immigration and Education

Arnoldo Curiel and Kristy Otte

About the presenters:

Kristy Otte [email protected]

Arnoldo Curiel [email protected]

Presentation Outline

● Terms● Activity● Latino immigration history in the U.

S.● Immigration trends in Minnesota● Educational implications● Closing

People who have a cultural heritage related to Spain.People having a heritage related to Latin America.People of Mexican descent born in the USA and who primarily speak English.

Mexican-American

An American citizen of Mexican descent.

Diversity within Latino community…

Mexican A citizen of Mexico.

Hispanic

Latino

Chicano

Photo courtesy of Arnoldo Curiel. Used with permission.

Activity

Anticipation Guide 1. Log in:� m.socrative.com 2. Wait for prompt. (real- time clicker)��True or False?

True/ False I understand the history of Latino immigration.

#1

True/False My school meets the needs of its Latino students.

#2

True/False Latino students have access to the same opportunities and resources as other students.

#3

Short Answer What would make school a more successful place for Latino students?

#4

History of Latino Immigration to the U.S

What happened to the Mexicans living in the territory that was taken by the USA?

Early Immigration

1849: California Gold Rush○ Americans flocked westward and Mexicans moved

north to find gold○ Mexican Americans often lost their land to the

newcomers

“The California Gold Rush” from the American History frieze in the U.S. Capitol Rotunda. Courtesy of The Architect of the Capitol.

Early Immigration

● 1900 -1910 1 million immigrants

● 1910 - Revolution in Mexicoresulted in widespread violence; many fled Mexico in search of safety in the United States

● Strong US economy meant jobs were available

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Early Immigration

● 1920’s - After WW I, USA restricted the number of European immigrants

● Short of labor, US government and businesses actively encouraged Mexican immigration

● 1980s - 1990s 700,000 Immigrants per yearLibrary of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, George Grantham

Bain Collection, LC-USZ62-97491

Poverty in Latin America

Over half of Latin people live in poverty

○ Overcrowded homes○ Huts with dirt floors○ No running water, no

toilets○ No electricity○ No beds, no furniture○ Malnutrition, hunger

Sueno by Diego Rivera. Used with permission.

Why do Latinos want to come to the USA?

● Economy is better in the USA

● To improve the lives of family members—better jobs and education

● Better health care

Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, FSA-OWI Collection, LC-USF34-016792-C

Why do Latinos want to come to the USA?

● For women—greater protection under the laws and more opportunities for education & jobs

● At times, to escape violence at home

● To escape extreme poverty

La Molendera by Diego Rivera. Used with permission.

Minnesota Trends

On St. Paul's West Side

Latinos in Minnesota:

Cuban 2,527Guatemala 1,684Mexican 95,613Puerto Rican 6,616Salvadoran 2,005

(MN Census of 2000)

Latino immigration to Minnesota

Between 1990 and 2000 the immigrant population increased by more than 130%, compared with a 57% rise nationwide. The 2010 Census shows a 75% increase in the Hispanic population in Minnesota since 2000 (State Demographic Center).

Minnesota Immigration Rates

work○ agriculture○ factories○ labor

● schools

○ programs

Minnesota

● Lhousing○ affordable○ social

services ● family

○ magnetgs

Minnesota = Ellis Island?

Minnesota Schools

●Since 2003, the Latino student body continues to grow at approximately 6% per year in Minnesota.● % increase Latino students

A clear disparity exists between Latino students and their white counterparts. Minnesota has one of the lowest graduation rates in the country for Latinos at 53%.

Achievement Gap in Minnesota

Challenges for students in K-12

○ societal ○ political ○ cultural

● Programs for academic achievement● Programs for retention● Advocacy and outreach

Educational Implications K-12

Educational Implications -college

Educational Implications -college

● Culturally Responsive Teaching ● Sheltered Instruction for English Learners

(ELs) or co-taught content courses ● Bilingual, transitional bilingual, language

support ● The Dream Act

○ 2012 Election

Recommendations

Access the presentation at :

Questions?

American Memory: Historical Collections of the National Digital Library. Immigration – Mexican. Updated 2003. Retrieved from the Internet April 2004 (memory.loc.gov/learn/features/immig/alt/mexican.html). Fennelly, K. (2006). State and local policy response to immigration in Minnesota. Hubert H. Humphrey Institute. Report to the Century Foundation, University of Minnesota. Gonzales, Manuel G. Mexicanos: A History of Mexicans in the United States. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1999. Lustig, Nora. Poverty in Mexico: An Empirical Analysis. January 1993. Retrieved from the Internet April 2004 (www.nd.edu/~kellogg/WPS/188.pdf).

Resources

Lustig, Nora. Poverty in Mexico: An Empirical Analysis. January 1993. Retrieved from the Internet April 2004 (www.nd.edu/~kellogg/WPS/188.pdf). US Census Bureau. Hispanic Origin Population Density. Retrieved from the Internet December 2003 (www.census.gov/geo/www/mapGallery/images/hispanic.jpg). US Department of State. Country Studies – Mexico, June 1996. Retrieved from the Internet March 2004 (lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/mxtoc.html). 2010 Census Results. http://www.mnplan.state.mn.us/demography. State Demographic Center.

Resources