Latin Text with Facing Vocabulary and Commentary · 2019. 8. 14. · iii Running Core Vocabulary in Eutropius’ Hannibal The following list includes all words i that occur four or

Eutropius’ Hannibal

Latin Text with Facing Vocabulary and Commentary

Beta Edition 2019

Geoffrey Steadman

Eutropius’ Hannibal Latin Text with Facing Vocabulary and Commentary Beta Edition © 2019 by Geoffrey D. Steadman All rights reserved. Subject to the exception immediately following, this book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publisher. The author has made an online version of this work available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 License. The terms of the license can be accessed at creativecommons.org. Accordingly, you are free to copy, alter, and distribute this work under the following conditions: (1) You must attribute the work to the author (but not in any way that suggests that the author endorses your alterations to the work). (2) You may not use this work for commercial purposes. (3) If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license as this one. The Latin text comes from Book III of Eutropius’ Breviarium Ab Urbe Condita, originally edited by F. Ruehl (Teubner, 1887). ISBN-13: 978-0-9991884-1-5 Published by Geoffrey Steadman Cover Design: David Steadman Fonts: Times New Roman [email protected]

iii

Running Core Vocabulary in Eutropius’ Hannibal The following list includes all words i that occur four or more times arranged and selected common words in a running vocabulary list. The number at the end of the entry indicates how many times the word occurs in the commentary. These dictionary entries are not in the corresponding vocabulary lists and therefore must be reviewed before using the commentary. An alphabetized list is included in the glossary.

Page 1

ā, ab, abs (away) from by, 33 annus, -ī m.: year, 12 bellum, -ī, n.: war, 12 capiō, -ere, cēpī, captum: take, seize, 18 Carthāginiēnsis, -is m.: Carthaginian, 11 Carthāgō, Carthāginis f.: Carthage, 4 cīvitās. cīvitātis f.: state, city-state, 10 contrā: against (acc) in reponse, 11 cōpia, -ae f.: abundance, supply troops, 5 Cornēlius, -ī m.: Cornelius, 4 cum: with (abl) when, since, although, 25 dō, dare, dedī, datum: give, put grant, 6 dux, ducis m/f.: leader, guide, chieftain, 8 etiam: also, even, besides, 11 exercitus, -ūs m.: army, 8 frāter, -tris m.: brother, 9 Hannibal, -is m.: Hannibal, 48 Hasdrubal, -is m.: Hasdrubal, 9 hic, haec, hoc: this, these he, she, it, 9 Hispānia, -ae f.: Hispania, 15 in: in, on (abl) , into, against (acc.), 38 intereā: meanwhile, 7 is, ea, id: this, that he, she, it, 33 lēgātus, -ī m.: legate, ambassador, envoy, 6 mīlle (pl. mīlia): thousand, 23 mittō, -ere, mīsī, missum: send, let go, 14 P.: Publius, 7 per: through, over, across, 7 que: and, as well, 7 quī, quae, quod (quis? quid?): who, which, 35 Rōmānus, -a, -um: Roman, 26 Scīpiō, Scīpiōnis m.: Scipio, 28 sē: himself, herself, itself, themselves, 9 Sicilia, -ae f.: Sicily, 5 sum, esse, fuī: to be, 47 ut (utī): as, when (ind) so that, 9 vincō, -ere, vīcī, victum: conquer, defeat, 11 Alpēs, -ium f.: Alps, 2 amīca, -ae f.: friend, 1 nē: lest, that not, so that not, not, 2 pars, partis, f.: part, direction, side, 3 populus, -ī m.: people, population, 2 Pūnicus, -a, -um: Punic, 3 tum: then, at that time, 3

Page 2

ad: to, toward; near, 23 apud: at, among, in the presence of (acc), 6 castra, -ōrum n.: camp, 6 cōnsul, -is m.: consul, 16 eques, equitis m.: horseman, rider, 6 et: and, also, even, 38 ex, ē: out from, from, out of (abl), 7 Fabius, -iī m.: Fabius, 4 ipse, ipsa, ipsum: -self; the very, 9 Ītalia, -ae f.: Italy, 14 maximus, -a, -um: greatest; nōmen, Maximus, 4 multus, -a, -um: much, many, abundant, 10 prīmus, -a, -um: first, foremost; early, 4 proelium, -iī n.: battle, 7 pugna, -ae f.: fight, 5 quoque: also, 4 suus, -a, -um: his, her, its, their (own), 5 veniō, -īre, vēnī, ventum: come, 11 elephantus, -ī m.: elephant, 2 septem: seven, 1

Page 3

accipiō, -ere -cēpī -ceptum: receive, 7 Āfer, -a, -um: African, 8 faciō, -ere, fēcī, factum: make, do, 6 habeō, -ēre, habuī, -itus: have, hold, 4 magnus, -a, -um: great, large; important, 5 mīlēs, mīlitis m.: soldier, 5 nōbilis, -e: noble, 5 occīdō, -ere, -cīdī, -cīsus: kill, strike down, 8 pāx, pācis f.: peace, 6 quam: than, 4 quīngentī, -ae, -a: five hundred, 5 tamen: nevertheless, however, 6 urbs, urbis, f.: city, 4 vir, virī m.: man, 4 Aemilius, -iī m.: Aemilius, 3 ante: before, in front of (acc); before, 1 appellō (1): call (by name), name, 2 dē: down from, about, concerning (abl), 2 malus, -a, -um: bad, wicked, evil; adv. poorly, 2 nōn: not, by no means, not at all, 3 numquam: never, 1 Paulus, -ī m.: Paulus, 3

iv

senātor, -ōris m.: senator, 2 servus, -ī, m.: slave, 1 Terentius, -iī m.: Terentius, 1 trēs, tria: three, 3 vērus, -a, -um: true, real; adv. vērum, but 1

Page 4

captīvus, -ī m.: captive, 5 homō, -inis m/f: person, people, human, 4 interficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectum: kill, slay, 5 omnis, -e: every, all, 9 post: after, behind (acc); afterward, next, 6 pugnō (1): to fight, 6 Claudius, -iī m.: Claudius, 3 Mārcellus, -ī m.: Marcellus, 3 possum, posse, potuī: be able, can, 3 quārtus, -a, -um: fourth, 3 senātus, -ūs f.: senate, 3 tōtus. -a, -um: whole, entire, 3 ubi: where, when, 2

Page 5

condicio, -ciōnis f.: condition, term, 4 iubeō, -ēre, iussī, iussum: order, bid, 6 Macedonia, -ae f.: Macedonia, 6 Philippus, -ī m.: Philip, 5 quattuor: four, 4 rēs, reī, f.: matter, affair, situation; restitution, 4 rēx, rēgis m.: king, 5 Rōma, -ae f.: Rome, 12 Sardinia, -ae f.: Sardinia (island), 4 tempus, -poris n.: time, 4 Laevīnus, -ī m.: Laevinus, 3 occupō (1): seize, occupy, 1 sub: under, beneath (abl), 1 ūnus, -a, -um: one, single, 2 victor, -ōris m.: conquerer, vanquisher, 3

Page 6

coepī, coepisse, coeptum: begin, 4 decimus, -a, -um: tenth, 4 ingēns (ingentis): huge, immense, vast, 8

recipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: take (back), 4 teneō, -ēre, -uī, tentum: hold, keep, 2

Page 7

argentum, -ī n.: silver, 6 Asia, -ae f.: Asia Minor, 1 duo, duae, duo: two, 2 fīlius, -iī m.: son, 1 glōria, -ae, f.: glory, fame, 3 octō: eight, 1

Page 8

alius, -a, -ud: other, another, else, 2 animus, -ī m.: mind, soul; heart, passion, 2’ pecūnia, -ae f.: money, 1

Page 9

pondus, -eris n.: weight; pondō, in weight, 5 Līvius, -ī m.: Livius, 1 Salīnātōr, -is m.: Salinator, 1

Page 10

Āfrica, -ae f.: Africa, 4 audiō, -īre, -īvī, audītum: hear, listen to, 1 Caecilius, -ī m.: Caecilius, 1 vīgintī: twenty, 3

Page 11

centum: hundred, 1 nāvis, -is, f.: ship, boat, 1 quīnque: five, 1 sed: but, moreover, however, 1 septimus, -a, -um: seventh, 1

Page 12

Āfricānus, -a, -um: Africanus, 1 ēducō (1): lead out, bring up, rear, train, 1 fīnis, -is m./f.: end, border; territory, 1 Masinissa, -ae m.: Masinissa, 1 memoria, -ae f.: memory, 1 videō, -ēre, vīdī, vīsum: see, 1

Eutropius’ Hannibal: Breviarium Ab Urbe Condita III 1

VII. …Eōdem annō bellum Pūnicum secundum Rōmānīs inlātum est per Hannibalem, Carthāginiēnsium ducem, quī Saguntum, Hispāniae cīvitātem Rōmānīs amīcam, obpugnāre adgressus est, annum agēns vīcēsimum aetātis, cōpiīs congregātīs cl mīlium. Huic Rōmānī per lēgātōs dēnūntiāvērunt, ut bellō abstinēret. Is lēgātōs admittere nōluit. Rōmānī etiam Carthāginem mīsērunt, ut mandārētur Hannibalī, nē bellum contrā sociōs populī Rōmānī gereret. Dūra respōnsa ā Carthāginiēnsibus data sunt. Saguntīnī intereā famē victī sunt, captīque ab Hannibale ultimīs poenīs adficiuntur. Bellum Carthāginiēnsibus indictum est. VIII. Tum P. Cornēlius Scīpiō cum exercitū in Hispāniam profectus est, Ti. Semprōnius in Siciliam. [Bellum Carthāginiēnsibus indictum est.] Hannibal relictō in Hispāniā frātre Hasdrubale Pȳrēnaeum trānsiit. Alpēs, adhūc eā parte inviās, sibi patefēcit.

1 5 10 15

abstineō, -ēre, -uī, -tentum: hold back, 1 adficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectum: afflict, 1 adgredior, -ī, -gressum: set out, attack, 2 adhūc: still, 1 admittō, -ere, -mīsī: allow, permit send, 1 aetās, aetātis f.: age, lifetime, generation, time, 2 agō, -ere, ēgī, āctum: spend, live do, lead, 3 congregō (1): gather together, assemble, 1 dēnūntiō (1): give notice, warn threaten, 1 dūrus, -a, -um: hard, harsh, 1 famēs, -is f.: hunger, 1 gerō, -ere, gessī, gestus: carry (on), wage, 3 īdem, eadem, idem: same, 3 indīcō, -ere, -dīxī: inform, declare, appoint, 2 īnferō -ferre -tulī -lātus: bring in, wage, 2 invius, -a, -um: impassable, 1 mandō (1): entrust, give, commit (dat), 1

nōlō, nōlle, nōluī: not…wish, be unwilling, 1 oppugnō (1): capture, by assault, attack, 1 patefaciō, -ere, -fēcī,: open, disclose, 1 poena, -ae, f.: punishment, 1 proficīscor, -ī, profectum: set out, depart, 3 Pȳrēnaeus, -ī m.: Pyrenee mountains, 1 relinquō, -ere, -uī, -lictum: leave behind, 1 respōnsum, -ī n.: answer, reply, 1 Saguntīnī, -ōrum, m.: Saguntinians (people), 1 Saguntum, -ī n.: Saguntum (town), 1 secundus, -a, -um: second following (acc.), 3 Semprōnius, -iī m.: Sempronius, 3 socius, -ī m.: ally, companion, comrade, 1 Ti.: Tiberius, 1 trānseō, -īre, -iī: cross, go over, 3 ultimus, -a, -um: farthest, last, 1 vīcēsimus, -a, -um: twentieth, 1

1 eōdem annō: in…; abl. time when inlātum est: pf. pass. īnferō 3 Rōmānīs: dat. of special adj. 4 annum…vīcēsimum: for…; acc. of duration agēns: living; pres. pple copiīs congregātīs: abl. abs. cl mīlium: of…; gen. of measure 5 Huic: dat. ind. obj. hic ut…abstinēret: ind. command, impf. subj. bellō: from…; abl. separation 6 Carthāginem: acc. place to which ut mandārētur: so that…; purpose, impf. subj.

7 nē…gereret: that…not…; neg. Ind. command, subject of mandārētur 9 ultimīs poenīs: abl. means 10 Carthāginiēnsibus: on…; dat. compound verb 11 profectus est: pf. dep; translate as active (et) Ti. Semprōnius (profectus est) in Siciliam: asyndeton and ellipsis; add verb [Bellum…est.]: the editor recommends that readers omit this text: likely copied from above 13 relictō…Hasdrubale: abl. abs. 14 (in) eā parte: (in) this…; place where 15 sibi: for…; dat. of interest, reflexive

Eutropius’ Hannibal: Breviarium Ab Urbe Condita III

2

Trāditur ad Ītaliam lxxx mīlia peditum, x mīlia equitum, septem et xxx elephantōs addūxisse. Intereā multī Līgurēs et Gallī Hannibalī sē coniūnxērunt. Semprōnius Gracchus cognitō ad Ītaliam Hannibalis adventū ex Siciliā exercitum Arīminum trāiēcit. IX. P. Cornēlius Scīpiō Hannibalī prīmus occurrit. Commissō proeliō, fugātīs suīs ipse vulnerātus in castra rediit. Semprōnius Gracchus et ipse cōnflīgit apud Trebiam amnem. Is quoque vincitur. Hannibalī multī sē in Ītaliā dedidērunt. Inde ad Tusciam veniēns Hannibal Flāminiō cōnsulī occurrit. Ipsum Flāminium interēmit; Rōmānōrum xxv mīlia caesa sunt, cēterī diffūgērunt. Missus adversus Hannibalem posteā ā Rōmānīs Q. Fabius Maximus. Is eum differendō pugnam ab impetū frēgit, mox inventā occāsiōne vīcit.

16 20 25

addūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductum: lead to, 1 adventus, -ūs m.: arrival, approach, 1 adversus, -a, -um: opposite; against (acc), 1 amnis, -is m.: river, stream, 1 Arīminum, -ī n.: Ariminum (town on Adriatic), 1 caedō, -ere, cecīdī, caesum: kill, slaughter, 1 cēterī, -ae, -a: the others, the rest, remaining, 2 cognōscō, -ere, -nōvī, -nitum: recognize, know 2 committō, -ere, -mīsī: commit, entrust, 1 cōnflīgō, -ere, -īxī, -īctum: dash together, 1 coniungō, -ere, -iūnxī, -iūnctum: join together, 2 dedō, -ere, -didī, -ditum: give up, devote, 2 differō, -ferre,: delay, put off; differ, 2 diffugiō, -ere, -fūgī: flee apart, escape, 1 Flāminius, -ī m.: Flaminius, 2 frangō, -ere, frēgī, frāctum: break, 2 fugō (1): put to flight, 2 Gallus, -a, -um: Gallic, Gaul, 1 Gracchus, -ī m.: Gracchus, 2

impetus, -ūs m.: attack, onset, assault, 1 inde: from there, then, afterward, 1 interimō, -ere, -ēmī, -emptum: take out, kill, 1 inveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventum: find, 2 Līgurēs, -um m.: Ligures, Ligurians, 1 mox: soon, 3 occāsiō, -iōnis f.: opportunity, chance, 1 occurrō, -ere: run into, attack (dat), 2 pedes, peditis m.: foot soldier; infantry, 2 posteā: after this, afterwards, 2 Q.: Quintus, 3 redeō, -īre, -īvī: go/come back, return, 3 Semprōnius, -iī m.: Sempronius, 3 trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditum: hand over, say, 2 trāiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectum: pierce, 1 Trebia, -ae f.: Trebia (river in NW Italy), 1 Tuscia, -ae f.: Tuscany (Etruscan region), 1 vulnerō (1): wound, 1

16 trāditur: it is… ad Ītāliam…addūxisse: that (Hannibal)…; ind. disc. with pf. inf.; add sacc. subject mīlia: neut. pl. acc. subject, mīlle 18 Hannibalī: with…; abl. compound verb cognitō…adventū: abl. abs. 19 Arīminum: acc. place to which; NE Italy 21 prīmus: i.e. was the first person to… commissō proeliō: abl. abs. 22 fugātīs suīs (vīrīs): his own…; abl. abs. ipse: (Scipio) himself…; nom. intensive

23 ipse: (Hannibal) himself; 3p with 3s verb Is: he…; i.e. Sempronius Gracchus Hannibalī: dat. ind. obj. 25 veniēns: pres. pple 27 Missus (est) 28 Is eum: he…; Fabius and Hannibal respectively differendō pugnam: by…; gerund (-ing) and abl. of means (et) mox…vīcit: pf. vincō inventā occāsiōne: abl. abs.

Eutropius’ Hannibal: Breviarium Historia Romanae III 3

X. Quīngentēsimō et quadrāgēsimō annō ā conditā urbe L. Aemilius Paulus P. Terentius Varrō contrā Hannibalem mittuntur Fabiōque succēdunt, quī abiēns ambō cōnsulēs monuit, ut Hannibalem, callidum et inpatientem ducem, nōn aliter vincerent, quam proelium differendō. Vērum cum inpatientiā Varrōnis cōnsulis contrādīcente alterō cōnsule [id est Aemiliō Paulō] apud vīcum, quī Cannae appellātur, in Āpūliā pugna tum esset, ambō cōnsulēs ab Hannibale vincuntur. In eā pugnā tria mīlia Āfrōrum pereunt; magna pars dē exercitū Hannibalis sauciātur. Nūllō tamen proeliō Pūnicō bellō Rōmānī gravius acceptī sunt. Periit enim in eō cōnsul Aemilius Paulus, cōnsulārēs aut praetōriī xx, senātōrēs captī aut occīsī xxx, nōbilēs virī ccc, mīlitum XL mīlia, equitum III mīlia et quīngentī. In quibus malīs nēmō tamen Rōmānōrum pācis mentiōnem habēre dignātus est. Servī, quod numquam ante, manūmissī et mīlitēs factī sunt.

1 5 10 15

abeō, -īre, -iī, -itus: go away, depart, 1 aliter: otherwise, in another way, 1 alter, -era, -erum: other (of 2), one, 2 ambō, -ae, -ō: both, two together, 3 Āpūlia, -ae f.: Apulia, 2 aut: or, aut...aut: either…or, 3 callidus, -a, -um: clever, skilful, adroit, 1 Cannae, -ārum, f.: Cannae, 1 condō, -ere, -didī, -ditum: found, establish, 1 cōnsulāris, -is m.: consular, 1 contrādīcō, -ere, -dīxī, -dictum: oppose, 1 differō, -ferre,: delay, put off; differ, 2 dignor, -ārī, dignātum: deem, think worthy, 1 enim: for, indeed, in truth, 2 gravis, -e: heavy, serious, important, 1 inpatiēns, inpatientis: impatient, unfeeling, 1

inpatientia, -ae f.: impatience, 1 L.: Lucius, 3 manūmittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum: manumit, 1 mentiō, mentiōnis f.: mention, 1 moneō, -ēre, -uī, monitum: warn, 1 nēmō: no one, 1 nūllus, -a, -um: none, no, not any, 2 pereō, -īre, periī: pass away, perish, 3 praetōrius, -iī m.: praetorian (of that rank), 1 quadrāgēsimus, -a, -um: fortieth, 1 quīngentēsimus, -a, -um: five hundredth, 1 sauciō (1): wound, 1 succēdō, -ere, -cessī: come up to (dat), 1 Varrō, Varrōnis m.: Varro, 2 vīcus, -ī m.: village, town, 1

1 Quīngentēsimō…annō: in…; abl. time when ā condīta urbe: from the founding of the city; lit. ‘from the city having been founded’ the PPP is often translated as an abstract noun 3 abiēns: nom. pres. pple. abeō ut…vincerent: that…; ind. command with impf. subj. 4 aliter…quam: otherwise than…; adv. aliter and a clause of comparison 5 differendō: by…; gerund (-ing) + abl. of means Vērum: but; adverbial acc. often adversative 6 Cum…esset: when there…; impf. subj. sum

inpatiēntiā: because of…; abl. cause contrādīcente alterō cōnsule: abl. abs. 10 nūllō proeliō: in…; abl. time when Pūnicō bellō: in…; abl. time when 11 gravius: comparative adv. In eō (proeliō): in this (battle) 12 captī (sunt) aut occīsī (sunt) mīlitum, equitum: partitive gen. pl. 14 in quibus malīs: in these; a connective relative (translate as demon.) 15 manūmissī (sunt) mīlitēs: nom. pred. following factī sunt


XI. Post eam pugnam multae Ītaliae cīvitātēs, quae Rōmānīs pāruerant, sē ad Hannibalem trānstulērunt. Hannibal Rōmānīs obtulit, ut captīvōs redimerent, respōnsumque est ā senātū eōs cīvēs nōn esse necessāriōs, quī cum armātī essent, capī potuissent. Ille omnēs posteā variīs suppliciīs interfēcit et trēs modiōs ānulōrum aureorum Carthāginem mīsit, quōs ex manibus equitum Rōmānōrum, senātōrum et mīlitum dētrāxerat. Intereā in Hispāniā, ubi frāter Hannibalis Hasdrubal remānserat cum magnō exercitū, ut eam tōtam Āfrīs subigeret, ā duōbus Scīpiōnibus, Rōmānīs ducibus, vincitur. Perdit in pugnā xxxv mīlia hominum; ex hīs capiuntur x mīlia, occīduntur xxv mīlia. Mittuntur eī ā Carthāginiēnsibus ad reparandās vīrēs xil mīlia peditum, iv mīlia equitum, xx elephantī. XII. Annō quārtō postquam ad Ītaliam Hannibal vēnit, M. Claudius Mārcellus cōnsul apud Nōlam, cīvitātem Campāniae, contrā Hannibalem bene pugnāvit.

17 20 25 30

ānulus, -ī m.: ring, 1 armō (1): arm, equip, 1 aureus, -a, -um: gold, golden, 1 bene: well, 2 Campānia, -ae f.: Campania, 2 cīvis, -is m/f: citizen, fellow citizen, 1 dētrahō, -ere, -trāxī: draw off, pull away, 1 duo, duae, duo: two, 2 ille, illa, illud: that, those; he, she, it, 1 M.: Marcus, 3 manus, -ūs f.: hand; band, group, 1 modius, -ī m.: peck, basket (unit, ~2 gallons), 1 necessārius, -ī m.: relation, relative, 1 Nōla, -ae f.: Nola, 1 offerō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātum: offer, present, 1

pāreō, -ēre, -uī: obey (dat), 1 pedes, peditis m.: foot soldier; infantry, 2 perdō, -ere, perdidī: lose, ruin, destroy, 1 posteā: after this, afterwards, 2 postquam: after, when; after that, 3 redimō, -ere, -ēmī, -ēmptum: take back, 1 remaneō, -ēre, -mansī: remain, 1 reparō (1): prepare (again), repair, 1 respondeō, -ēre, -dī, -sum: answer, reply, 1 subigō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctum: drive under, subdue, 2 supplicium, -iī n.: punishment, 1 trānsferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātum: carry across, 1 varius, -a, -um: various, 1 vīs, vīs, f.: force, power; vīrēs, strength, 1

18 Rōmānīs: dat. inf. obj. ut…redimerent: that…; ind. command with impf. subj. 19 respōnsum est: it was…; impersonal pf. pass. eōs…esse necessāriōs: that those…; ind. disc., logical subject of respōnsum est quī…cāpī potuissent: who had…; relative clause of characteristic modifying eōs cīvēs; with plpf. subj. possum + pass. inf. capiō 20 cum armātī essent: although…; concessive cum clause with plpf. pass. subj. 21 Ille: i.e. Hannibal variīs suppliciīs: abl. means

22 Carthāginem: acc. place to which 25 ut…subigeret: so that…might…; purpose with impf. subj. tōtam: entirely Āfrīs: under…; dat. of compound verb 26 (Hasdrubal) vincitur (et) occīduntur 27 eī: to him; dat. of interest, is 28 ad reparandās vīrēs: for…; gerundive + noun:perform a gerund-gerundive flip and translate as gerund (-ing) + obj. 30 Annō quārtō: abl. time when


5

Hannibal multās cīvitātēs Rōmānōrum per Āpūliam, Calabriam, Brittiōs occupāvit. Quō tempore etiam rēx Macedoniae Philippus ad eum lēgātōs mīsit, prōmittēns auxilia contrā Rōmānōs sub hāc condiciōne, ut dēlētīs Rōmānīs ipse quoque contrā Graecōs ab Hannibale auxilia acciperet. Captīs igitur lēgātīs Philippī et rē cognitā Rōmānī in Macedoniam M. Valērium Laevīnum īre iussērunt, in Sardiniam T. Mānlium Torquātum prōcōnsulem. Nam etiam ea sollicitāta ab Hannibale Rōmānōs dēseruerat. XIII. Ita ūnō tempore quattuor locīs pugnābātur: in Ītaliā contrā Hannibalem, in Hispāniīs contrā frātrem eius Hasdrubālem, in Macedoniā contrā Philippum, in Sardiniā contrā Sardōs et alterum Hasdrubālem Carthāginiēnsem. Is ā T. Mānliō prōcōnsule, quī ad Sardiniam missus fuerat, vīvus est captus, occīsa [cum eō] duodecim mīlia, captī cum eō mīlle quīngentī, et ā Rōmānīs Sardinia subācta. Mānlius victor captīvōs et Hasdrubālem Rōmam reportāvit.

1 5 10 15

alter, -era, -erum: other (of 2), one, 2 Āpūlia, -ae f.: Apulia, 2 auxilium, -ī n.: help, aid; pl. auxiliary troops, 2 Brittī, -ōrum m.: Britti (people, toe of Italy), 2 Calabria, -ae f.: Calabria, 1 cognōscō, -ere, -nōvī, -nitum: recognize, know 2 dēleō, -ēre, dēlēvī, dēlētum: destroy, 1 dēserō, -ere, -uī, -sertum: desert, 2 duodecim: twelve, 1 eō, īre, iī: go, 2 Graecus, -a, -um: Greek, 1 igitur: therefore, then, accordingly, 1 ita: so, thus, 3 Laevīnus, -ī m.: Laevinus, 3 locus -ī m. (pl. loca): place, region, situation 1

M.: Marcus, 3 Mānlius, -ī m.: Manlius, 3 nam: for, 2 prōcōnsul, -is m.: proconsul, 2 prōmittō, -ere, -mīsī: send forth; promise, 1 reportō (1): carry back; report, 1 Sardī, -ōrum m.: Sardinians (people), 1 sollicitō (1): agitate, stir, worry, 1 subigō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctum: drive under, subdue, 2 T.: Titus, 3 Torquātus, -ī m.: Torquatus, 2 Valērius, -ī m.: Valerius, 2 victor, -ōris m.: conquerer, vanquisher, 3 vīvus, -a, -um: living, alive, 1

1 Quō tempore: at this…; connective relative (translate as demon.) and abl. time when 4 ut…acciperet: (namely) that…; ind. command with impf. subj. in apposition to condiciōne dēlētīs Rōmānīs: abl. abs. (Philippus) ipse: Philip himself 5 captīs…lēgātīs: abl. abs. rē cognitā: abl. abs. 7 T. Mānlium Torquātum (īre): add inf. eō, 8 ea: this one; i.e. Sardinia sollicitāta: PPP

9 ūnō tempore: in…; abl. time whens (in) quattuor locīs pugnābātur: it…; impersonal impf. pass.; often we translate this pass. in the active: ‘they…’ 10 eius: gen. sg. is Is: he; i.e. the other Hasdrubal 13 missus fuerat: plpf. pass. occīsa (sunt)…captī (sunt): main verbs 15 subācta (sunt): pf. pass. Rōmam: acc. place to which


Intereā etiam Philippus ā Laevīnō in Macedoniā vincitur et in Hispāniā ab Scīpiōnibus Hasdrubal et Māgō, tertius frāter Hannibalis. XIV. Decimō annō postquam Hannibal in Ītaliam vēnerat, P. Sulpiciō Cn. Fulviō cōnsulibus Hannibal usque ad quārtum mīliārium urbis accessit, equitēs eius usque ad portam. Mox cōnsulum cum exercitū venientium metū Hannibal ad Campāniam sē recēpit. In Hispāniā ā frātre eius Hasdrubale ambō Scīpiōnēs, quī per multōs annōs victōrēs fuerant, interficiuntur, exercitus tamen integer mānsit; cāsū enim magis erant quam virtūte dēceptī. Quō tempore etiam ā cōnsule Mārcellō Siciliae magna pars capta est, quam tenēre Āfrī coeperant, et nōbilissima urbs Syrācūsāna; praeda ingēns Rōmam perlāta est.

17 20 25

accēdō, -ere, -cessī: come to, approach, 2 ambō, -ae, -ō: both, two together, 3 Campānia, -ae f.: Campania, 2 cāsus, -ūs m.: misfortune, chance, accident, 1 Cn.: Gnaeus, 2 dēcipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: catch, deceive, 1 enim: for, indeed, in truth, 2 Fulvius, -ī m.: Fulvius, 2 integer, -gra, -grum: whole, intact, unharmed, 1 magis: more, rather, 1 Māgō, Māgōnis m.: Mago, 2 maneō, -ēre, mansī: stay, wait, wait for, 1 metus, -ūs f.: dread, fear, 1

mīliārium, -iī n.: mile-stone, 1 mox: soon, 3 perferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātus: carry, endure, 1 porta, -ae f.: gate, 1 postquam: after, when; after that, 3 praeda, -ae f.: plunder, loot, spoils, 3 Sulpicius, -iī m.: Sulpicius, 1 Syrācūsānus, -a, -um: Syracusan, of Syracuse, 1 tertius, -a, -um: third, 2 usque: up to, until; all the way, 2 victor, -ōris m.: conquerer, vanquisher, 3 virtūs, -ūtis f.: valor, manhood, 1

18 Hasdrubal et Māgō (vincuntur) 20 Decimō annō: abl. time when P. Sulpiciō (et) Cn. Fulviō cōnsulibus: abl. abs. add pple ‘being’ 23 usque ad: up to… 24 (et) equitēs (accessērunt) eius: gen. sg. is, i.e. Hannibal 25 cōnsulum…venientium: of…; objective gen. pl. pres. pple veniō; modifying metū metū: because of…; abl. of cause 26 sē recēpit: sē recipere is a common idiom for ‘retreat’ eius: see above

25 per: over… 26 integer: nom. pred., take after pf. maneō cāsū…virtūte: by…by…; abl. means; the virtūs refers to that of Hasdrubal’s army erant…dēceptī: had been deceived; plpf. pass. i.e. tricked or duped into losing quam…: than…; clause of comparison 27 Quō tempore: at this…; connective relative (translate as demon.) and abl. time when nōbilissima urbs Syrācūsāna (capta est) Rōmam: translation; note 29 perlāta est: pf. pass. perferō

Eutropius’ Hannibal: Breviarium Historia Romanae III 7

Laevīnus in Macedoniā cum Philippō et multīs Graeciae populīs et rēge Asiae Attalō amīcitiam fēcit, et ad Siciliam profectus Hannōnem quendam, Āfrōrum ducem, apud Agrigentum cīvitātem cum ipsō oppidō cēpit eumque Rōmam cum captīvīs nōbilissimīs mīsit. xl cīvitātēs in dēditiōnem accēpit, xxvi expugnāvit. Ita omnis Sicilia recepta est [Macedonia frācta] ; ingentī glōriā Rōmam regressus est. Hannibal in Ītaliā Cn. Fulvium cōnsulem subitō adgressus cum octo mīlibus hominum interfēcit. XV. Intereā ad Hispāniās, ubi occīsīs duōbus Scīpiōnibus nūllus Rōmānus dux erat, P. Cornēlius Scīpiō mittitur, fīlius P. Scīpiōnis, quī ibīdem bellum gesserat, annōs nātus quattuor et vīgintī, vir Rōmānōrum omnium et suā aetāte et posteriōre tempore ferē prīmus. Is Carthāginem Hispāniae capit, in quā omne aurum, argentum et bellī apparātum Āfrī habēbant, nōbilissimōs quoque obsidēs, quōs ab Hispānīs accēperant.

1 5 10 15

adgredior, -ī, -gressum: set out, attack, 2 aetās, aetātis f.: age, lifetime, generation, time, 2 Agrigentum, -ī n.: Agrigentum, 1 amīcitia, -ae, f.: friendship; alliance, 3 apparātus, -ūs m.: equipment, provision, 1 Attalus, -ī m.: Attalus, 1 aurum, -ī n.: gold, 3 Cn.: Gnaeus, 2 dēditiō, -ōnis f.: surrrender, capitulation, 1 expugnō (1): capture by assault, 2 ferē: almost, nearly; in general, 3 frangō, -ere, frēgī, frāctum: break, 2 Fulvius, -ī m.: Fulvius, 2 gerō, -ere, gessī, gestus: carry (on), wage, 3

Graecia, -ae f.: Greece, 1 Hannō, -ōnis m.: Hanno, 2 Hispānī, -ōrum m.: Spanish, 3 ibīdem: in the same place, 2 ita: so, thus, 3 nascor, nascī, nātum: be born, 1 nūllus, -a, -um: none, no, not any, 2 obsēs, obsidis m./f.: hostage, 3 oppidum, -ī n.: town, 1 posterior, -ius: later, posterior, next, 1 proficīscor, -ī, profectum: set out, depart, 3 quīdam, quaedam, quoddam: certain, some, 2 regredior, -ī, regressum: step back, 2 subitō: immediately, straightaway, 1

3 profectus: having set out; dep. PPP 4 eum: i.e. Hannō Rōmam: acc. place to which [Macedonia frācta]: omit 7 ingentī glōriā: with…; abl. of manner, 3rd decl. i-stem abl. regressus est: pf. dep.: translate as active 8 adgressus: dep. PPP: translate as ‘having Xed’ ad Hispāniās: i.e. two regions of Hispania: Hispania Citerior, ‘Nearer Hispania,’ on the east coast and Hispania Ulterior, ‘Further Hispania’ on the southern coast 10 occīsīs duōbus Scīpiōnibus: abl. abs. annōs…quattuor et vīgintī: for…; duration

12 nātus: dep. PPP; i.e. how old is Scipio vir…prīmus: i.e. a leader, in apposition to P. Cornēlius Scīpiō 13 et…et…: both (in)…and (in)…; abl. time when; suā, ‘his own,’ refers to Scipiō 14 Is: i.e. Scīpiō Carthāginem Hispāniae: Carthage of Hispania; i.e. Carthago Nova (modern Cartagena, Spain), on the SE coast and named after the mother city Carthage in Libya 16 obsidēs: The Carthaginians had take hostages from noble families to enforce civil obedience.


8

Māgōnem etiam, frātrem Hannibalis, ibīdem capit, quem Rōmam cum aliīs mittit. Rōmae ingēns laetitia post hunc nūntium fuit. Scīpiō Hispānōrum obsidēs parentibus reddidit; quārē omnēs ferē Hispānī ūnō animō ad eum trānsiērunt. Post quae Hasdrubālem, Hannibalis frātrem, victum fugat et praedam maximam capit. XVI. Intereā in Ītaliā cōnsul Q. Fabius Maximus Tarentum recēpit, in quā ingentēs cōpiae Hannibalis erant. Ibi etiam ducem Hannibalis Carthalōnem occīdit, xxv mīlia hominum captīvōrum vēndidit, praedam mīlitibus dispertīvit, pecūniam hominum vēnditōrum ad fiscum retulit. Tum multae cīvitātēs Rōmānōrum, quae ad Hannibalem trānsierant prius, rūrsus sē Fabiō Maximō dēdidērunt. Īnsequentī annō Scīpiō in Hispāniā ēgregiās rēs ēgit et per sē et per frātrem suum L. Scīpiōnem; lxx cīvitātēs recēpērunt. In Ītaliā tamen male pugnātum est. Nam Claudius Mārcellus cōnsul ab Hannibale occīsus est.

17 20 25 30

agō, -ere, ēgī, āctum: spend, live; do, lead, 3 Carthalō, -ōnis m.: Carthalo (person), 1 dedō, -ere, -didī, -ditum: give up, devote, 2 dispertiō, -īre, -ivī: disperse, distribute, 1 ēgregius, -a, -um: excellent, outstanding, 1 ferē: almost, nearly; in general, 3 fiscus, -ī m.: public treasury, 1 fugō (1): put to flight, 2 Hispānī, -ōrum m.: Spanish, 3 ibi: there, in that place, 1 ibīdem: in the same place, 2 īnsequor, -sequī, -secūtum: follow, ensue, 1 L.: Lucius, 3 laetitia, -ae f.: happiness, joy, delight, 1 Māgō, Māgōnis m.: Mago, 2

nam: for, 2 nūntius, -iī m.: messenger, message, 1 obsēs, obsidis m./f.: hostage, 3 parēns, -rentis m.: parent, ancestor, 1 praeda, -ae f.: plunder, loot, spoils, 3 prior, prius: before, earlier (adv. prius), 2 Q.: Quintus, 3 quārē: for this reason; quā rē, why, 1 reddō, -ere, -didī, -ditum: give back, render, 2 referō, -ferre, -tulī: report, bring back, 2 rūrsus: again, backward, back, 2 Tarentum, -ī n.: Tarentum, 1 trānseō, -īre, -iī: cross, go over, 3 vēnditor, -ōris m.: vendor, seller, 1 vēndō, -ere, vendidī: sell, 1

18 Rōmam: acc. place to which Rōmae: at…; locative, place where nūntium: message; i.e. news parentibus: dat. ind. obj. 20 ūnō animō: with…; abl. manner, i.e. unanimously or in agreement post quae: after these things; connective relative (translate as a demonstrative) 21 victum: PPP vincō fugat: pres. indicative; note the difference between fugāre, ‘put to flight’ and fugere, ‘flee’ 24 ducem Hannibalis: a general is Hannibal’s army

25 mīlitibus: among…; dat. ind. obj. retulit: pf. referō 28 prius: comparative adv., prīmus Fabiō Maximō: dat. ind. obj. 29 Īnsequentī annō: in…; abl. time when with pres. pple ēgit: did et…et…: both…and… 31 pugnātum est: they…; ‘it…’ impersonal pf. pass.: as often, translate active and add subject


XVII. Tertiō annō postquam Scīpiō ad Hispāniās profectus fuerat, rūrsus rēs inclitās gerit. Rēgem Hispāniārum magnō proeliō victum in amīcitiam accēpit et prīmus omnium ā victō obsidēs nōn poposcit. XVIII. Dēspērāns Hannibal Hispāniās contrā Scīpiōnem diūtius posse retinērī, frātrem suum Hasdrubālem ad Ītaliam cum omnibus cōpiīs ēvocāvit. Is veniēns eōdem itinere, quō etiam Hannibal vēnerat, ā cōnsulibus Ap. Claudiō Nerōne et M. Līviō Salīnātōre apud Sēnam, Pīcēnī cīvitātem, in īnsidiās conpositās incidit. Strēnuē tamen pugnāns occīsus est; ingentēs eius cōpiae captae aut interfectae sunt, magnum pondus aurī atque argentī Rōmam relātum est. Post haec Hannibal diffīdere iam dē bellī coepit ēventū. Rōmānis ingēns animus accessit; itaque et ipsī ēvocāvērunt ex Hispāniā P. Cornēlium Scīpiōnem. Is Rōmam cum ingentī glōriā vēnit.

1 5 10 15

accēdō, -ere, -cessī: come to, approach, 2 amīcitia, -ae, f.: friendship; alliance, 3 Ap.: Appius, 1 atque: and, and also, and even, 2 aurum, -ī n.: gold, 3 aut: or, aut...aut: either…or, 3 conpōnō, -ere, -posuī: arrange; collect, 1 dēspērō (1): despair, feel no hope, 1 diffīdō, -ere, -fidī, -fīsum: distrust, have no confidence in (dat), 1 diū: for a long time; diūtius, longer, 1 ēventus, -ūs m.: outcome, result, 1 ēvocō (1): call out, challenge, 2 gerō, -ere, gessī, gestus: carry (on), wage, 3 iam: now, already, soon, 1 īdem, eadem, idem: same, 3 incidō, -ere, -cīdī: fall into, fall upon, 1

inclitus, -a, -um: famed, renowned, 1 īnsidiae, -ārum f.: ambush, trap, 1 itaque: and so, 1 iter, itineris n.: way, route, path; journey, 1 M.: Marcus, 3 Nerō, Nerōnis m.: Nero, 1 obsēs, obsidis m./f.: hostage, 3 Pīcēnum, -ī, n.: Picenum (region on Adriatic), 1 poscō, -ere, poposcī: ask, demand, 1 postquam: after, when; after that, 3 proficīscor, -ī, profectum: set out, depart, 3 referō, -ferre, -tulī: to report, bring back, 2 retineō, -ēre, -uī, -tentum: hold back, 1 rūrsus: again, backward, back, 2 Sēna, -ae f.: Sena (Etruscan town, now Siena), 1 strēnuus, -a, -um: active, energetic, strenous, 1 tertius, -a, -um: third, 2

1 Tertiō annō: abl. time when profectus fuerat: plpf. dep.: translate as active 2 rēs inclitās: famous deeds magnō proeliō: abl. means or time when 3 victum: PPP vincō prīmus: i.e. was the first person to… omnium: partitive gen. ā victō (populō): from…; PPP vincō 5 Dēspērāns: pres. pple Hispāniās…posse retinērī: that…; ind. disc. governed by dēspērans; pass. inf. retinēre diūtius: comparative adv. diū

7 Is: he; i.e. Hasdrubal (in) eōdem itinere, (in) quo 8 ā cōnsulibus…Salīnātōre: by…; abl. agent modifying PPP comnpositās 9 Strēnuē: adv. 11 captae (sunt) 12 Rōmam: acc. place to which haec: these things; neut. pl. dē bellī…ēventū 13 Rōmānīs: to…; dat. of compound verb et ipsī: they themselves also; et is an adv. ingentī glōriā: with…; abl. of manner; i-stem


XIX. Q. Caeciliō L. Valēriō cōnsulibus omnēs cīvitātēs, quae in Brittiīs ab Hannibale tenēbantur, Rōmānīs sē trādidērunt. XX. Annō quārtō decimō posteāquam in Ītaliam Hannibal vēnerat, Scīpiō, quī multa bene in Hispāniā ēgerat, cōnsul est factus et in Āfricam missus. Cui virō dīvīnum quiddam inesse exīstimābātur, adeō ut putārētur etiam cum nūminibus habēre sermōnem. Is in Āfricā contrā Hannōnem, ducem Āfrōrum, pugnat; exercitum eius interficit. Secundō proeliō castra capit cum quattuor mīlibus et quīngentīs mīlitibus, xi mīlibus occīsīs. Syphacem, Numidiae rēgem, quī sē Āfrīs coniūnxerat, capit et castra eius invādit. Syphāx cum nōbilissimīs Numidīs et īnfīnītīs spoliīs Rōmam ā Scīpiōne mittitur. Quā rē audītā omnis ferē Ītalia Hannibalem dēserit. Ipse ā Carthāginiēnsibus redīre in Āfricam iubētur, quam Scīpiō vastābat.

16 20 25 30

adeō (ad eō): so, to this point, to such a degree, 1 agō, -ere, ēgī, āctum: spend, live; do, lead, 3 bene: well, 2 Brittī, -ōrum m.: Britti (people, toe of Italy), 2 coniungō, -ere, -iūnxī, -iūnctum: join together, 2 dēserō, -ere, -uī, -sertum: desert, 2 dīvīnus, -a, -um: divine, 1 exīstimō (1): judge, consider, think, 1 ferē: almost, nearly; in general, 3 Hannō, -ōnis m.: Hanno, 2 īnfīnītus, -a, -um: infinite, unending, 1 insum, -esse, -fuī: be in, 1 invādō, -ere, -vāsī: rush upon, attack, 1 L.: Lucius, 3 nūmen, -inis n.: divine power, approval, 1

Numida, -ae m.: a nomad; Numidian, 2 Numidia, -ae f.: Numidia, 1 posteāquam: after, 1 pūtō (1): think, consider, 1 Q.: Quintus, 3 quīdam, quaedam, quoddam: certain, some, 2 redeō, -īre, -īvī: go/come back, return, 3 secundus, -a, -um: second; following (acc.), 3 sermō, sermōnis m.: conversation, talk, 1 spolium, -iī n.: spoils, booty, 1 Syphāx, Syphacis m.: Syphax, 2 trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditum: hand over, say, 2 Valērius, -ī m.: Valerius, 2 vastō (1): lay waste, 1

16 Q. Caeciliiō…cōnsulibus: abl. abs., add ‘being’ Rōmānīs: dat. ind. obj. 18 Annō quārtō decimō: abl. time when 19 multa: neut. acc. pl. substantive (add ‘things’) ēgerat: had done est factus: pf. pass., cōnsul is nom. pred. 20 missus (est) Cuī virō…inesse: that in this man…; ind. disc. with a connective relative that is also a dative of compound verb 21 exīstimābātur: it…; impersonal impf. pass.

ut putārētur: so that he…; i.e. Scipio; result clause with impf. pass. subj. 22 Is: i.e. Scipio eius: gen. sg. is 23 Secundō proeliō: abl. time when 24 xi mīlibus occīsīs: abl. abs. 25 Āfrīs: with…; dat. of compound verb eius: gen. sg. is 27 Rōmam: acc. place to which Quā rē audītā: this matter…; abl. abs. with a connective relative 28 (Hannibal) ipse: (Hannibal) himself


XXI. Ita annō septimō decimō ab Hannibale Ītalia līberāta est. Lēgātī Carthāginiēnsium pācem ā Scīpiōne petīvērunt; ab eō ad senātum Rōmam missī sunt. Quadrāgintā et quīnque diēbus hīs indūtiae datae sunt, quousque īre Rōmam et regredī possent; et trīgintā mīlia pondō argentī ab hīs accepta sunt. Senātus ex arbitriō Scīpiōnis pācem iussit cum Carthāginiēnsibus fierī. Scīpiō hīs condiciōnibus dedit: nē amplius quam trīgintā nāvēs habērent, ut quīngenta mīlia pondō argentī darent, captīvōs et perfugās redderent. 22. Interim Hannibale veniente ad Āfricam pāx turbāta est, multa hostīlia ab Āfrīs facta sunt. Lēgātī tamen eōrum ex urbe venientēs ā Rōmānīs captī sunt, sed iubente Scīpiōne dīmissī. Hannibal quoque frequentibus proeliīs victus ā Scīpiōne petit etiam ipse pācem. Cum ventum esset ad colloquium, īsdem condiciōnibus data est, quibus prius, additīs quīngentīs mīlibus pondō argentī centum mīlibus lībrārum propter novam perfidiam.

1 5 10 15

addō, -ere, -didī, -ditum: bring to, add, 1 amplus, -a, -um: ample, full, spacious, 1 arbitrium, -iī n.: judgment, decision, 1 colloquium, -ī n.: conversation, conference, 1 diēs, -ēī m./f.: day, time, season, 1 dīmittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missus: dismiss, 2 eō, īre, iī: go, 2 fiō, fierī, factum: be made, become, 1 frequēns, frequentis: crowded, 1 hostīlis, -e: hostile, of the enemy, 1 īdem, eadem, idem: same, 3 indūtiae, -ārum f.: a truce, 1 interim: meanwhile, in the meantime, 1 ita: so, thus, 3

līberō (1): free, release, 1 lībra, -ae f.: pound (12 oz.); balance/scales, 1 novus, -a, -um: new, strange, 1 perfidia, -ae f.: treachery, 1 perfuga, -ae m.: fugitive, 1 petō, -ere, -īvī, petītum: seek, head for; attack, 2 prior, prius: before, earlier (adv. prius), 2 propter: on account of, because of, 1 quadrāgintā: forty, 1 quousque: until what time, till when, how long, 1 reddō, -ere, -didī, -ditum: give back, render, 2 regredior, -ī, regressum: step back, 2 trīginta: thirty, 2 turbō (1): throw in confusion, disturb, 1

1 annō septīmō decimō: abl. time when ab eō: abl. agent, i.e. Scipio 3 Rōmam: acc. place to which Quadrāgintā…diēbus hīs: abl. time when 4 quousque…possent: until which time…; subj. of anticipation; impf. subj. possum Rōmam: acc. place to which regredī: dep. pres. inf. 5 pondō: in weight; abl. of respect argentī: of…; gen. of material 7 hīs condiciōnibus: on…; abl. of manner nē…habērent: that…not…; neg. ind. command quam…nāvēs: than…; clause of comparison 8 ut…darent…redderent: that…; ind. command

10 Hannibale veniente: abl. abs. 11 Multa hostīlia: neut. nom. pl., add ‘things’ 12 venientēs: pres. pple iubente Scīpiōne: abl. abs. dīmissī (sunt) 14 ventum esset: they…; impersonal plpf. pass., translate as plpf active and add subject īsdem condiciōnibus: on..; abl. time when 15 (pāx) data est quibus prius (pāx data est): on which (peace was given); ellipsis, relative and abl. manner additīs…centum mīlibus: 100 thousand pounds…; abl. abs.; lībrārum is partitve gen. quīngentīs mīlibus…: to…; dat. of compound


Carthāginiēnsibus condiciōnēs displicuērunt iussēruntque Hannibalem pugnāre. Īnfertur ā Scīpiōne et Masinissā, aliō rēge Numidārum, quī amīcitiam cum Scīpiōne fēcerat, Carthāginī bellum. Hannibal trēs explōrātōrēs ad Scīpiōnis castra mīsit, quōs captōs Scīpiō circumdūcī per castra iussit ostendīque hīs tōtum exercitum, mox etiam prandium darī dīmittīque, ut renūntiārent Hannibalī quae apud Rōmānōs vīdissent. 23. Intereā proelium ab utrōque duce īnstrūctum est, quāle vix ūllā memoriā fuit, cum perītissimī virī cōpiās suās ad bellum ēdūcerent. Scīpiō victor recēdit paene ipsō Hannibale captō, quī prīmum cum multīs equitibus, deinde cum vīgintī, postrēmō cum quattuor ēvāsit. Inventa in castrīs Hannibalis argentī pondō vīgintī mīlia, aurī octōgintā, cētera supellectilis cōpiōsa. Post id certāmen pāx cum Carthāginiēnsibus facta est. Scīpiō Rōmam rediit, ingentī glōriā triumphāvit atque Āfricānus ex eō appellārī coeptus est. Fīnem accēpit secundum Pūnicum bellum post annum nōnum decimum, quam coeperat.

20 25 30

amīcitia, -ae, f.: friendship; alliance, 3 at: but; at least, 1 aurum, -ī n.: gold, 3 certāmen, -minis n.: struggle, contest, 1 cēterī, -ae, -a: the others, the rest, remaining, 2 circumdūcō, -ere, -dūxī: lead around, 1 cōpiōsus, -a, -um: abundant, well-supplied, 1 deinde: then, thereupon, 1 dīmittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missus: dismiss, 2 displiceō, -ere, -uī: displease, dissatisfy (dat), 1 ēvādō, -ere, -vāsī, -vāsum: go, escape, 1 explōrātor, -ōris m.: scout, spy, 1 īnferō -ferre -tulī -lātus: bring in, wage, 2 īnstruō, -ere, -xī, -ctum: set up, arrange, 1 inveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventum: find, 2 mox: soon, 3 nōnus, -a, -um: ninth, 1

Numida, -ae m.: a nomad; Numidian, 2 octōginta: eighty, 1 ostendō, -ere, ostendī: show, 1 paene: almost, nearly, 1 perītus, -a, -um: experienced, skilled, 1 postrēmō,: at last, finally; abl. as adv., 1 prandium, -iī n.: lunch, 1 quālis, -e: which (sort/kind), 1 recēdō, -ere, -cessī: go/draw back, withdraw 1 redeō, -īre, -īvī: go/come back, return, 3 renūntiō, (1): bring back word, report, 1 secundus, -a, -um: second; following (acc.), 3 supellectilis (supellex),-is f.: goods, furniture, 1 triumphō (1): celebrate a triumph, 1 ūllus, -a, -um: any, 1 uterque utra- utrum-: each (of 2), both, 1 vix: with difficulty, with effort, scarcely, 1

18 īnfertur…bellum: war is carried out 19 Carthāginī: on…; dat. of compounds circumdūcī: to be…; pass. inf. 21 ostendī… darī dīmittīque: to be…; pass. infs. hīs: to…; dat. ind. obj. i.e. explorātōrēs ut renūntiārent: so that…might…; purpose 23 quae…vīdissent: (the things) which…; plpf. subj. of subordinate verb in a purpose clause 25 (in) ūllā memoriā

cum…: since…; causal clause with impf. subj. 26 ipsō Hannibale captō: abl. abs. 27 prīmum, deinde, postrēmō: first, then, at last 28 Inventa (sunt) argentī: of silver; gen. of materials 29 post id certāmen: after this contest ingentī glōriā: with…; abl. of manner, i-stem 31 ex eō: from this (victory), as a result of this coeptus est: began; often dep. with pass. inf.

Eutropius’ Hannibal pp. 1-2 13

VII. …Eōdem annō bellum Pūnicum secundum Rōmānīs inlātum

est per Hannibalem, Carthāginiēnsium ducem, quī Saguntum,

Hispāniae cīvitātem Rōmānīs amīcam, obpugnāre adgressus est,

annum agēns vīcēsimum aetātis, cōpiīs congregātīs cl mīlium.

Huic Rōmānī per lēgātōs dēnūntiāvērunt, ut bellō abstinēret. Is

lēgātōs admittere nōluit. Rōmānī etiam Carthāginem mīsērunt, ut

mandārētur Hannibalī, nē bellum contrā sociōs populī Rōmānī

gereret. Dūra respōnsa ā Carthāginiēnsibus data sunt. Saguntīnī

intereā famē victī sunt, captīque ab Hannibale ultimīs poenīs

adficiuntur. Bellum Carthāginiēnsibus indictum est.

VIII. Tum P. Cornēlius Scīpiō cum exercitū in Hispāniam

profectus est, Ti. Semprōnius in Siciliam. [Bellum

Carthāginiēnsibus indictum est.] Hannibal relictō in Hispāniā

frātre Hasdrubale Pȳrēnaeum trānsiit. Alpēs, adhūc eā parte

inviās, sibi patefēcit.

Trāditur ad Ītaliam lxxx mīlia peditum, x mīlia equitum, septem

et xxx elephantōs addūxisse. Intereā multī Līgurēs et Gallī

Hannibalī sē coniūnxērunt. Semprōnius Gracchus cognitō ad

Ītaliam Hannibalis adventū ex Siciliā exercitum Arīminum

trāiēcit.

IX. P. Cornēlius Scīpiō Hannibalī prīmus occurrit. Commissō

proeliō, fugātīs suīs ipse vulnerātus in castra rediit. Semprōnius

Gracchus et ipse cōnflīgit apud Trebiam amnem. Is quoque

vincitur. Hannibalī multī sē in Ītaliā dedidērunt. Inde ad Tusciam

veniēns Hannibal Flāminiō cōnsulī occurrit. Ipsum Flāminium

interēmit; Rōmānōrum xxv mīlia caesa sunt, cēterī diffūgērunt.

Missus adversus Hannibalem posteā ā Rōmānīs Q. Fabius

Maximus. Is eum differendō pugnam ab impetū frēgit, mox

inventā occāsiōne vīcit.

1

5

10

15

20

25

29

obpugnāre = capere per pugnam adgressus est = coepit vīcēsimum = XX aetātis = vītae copiīs = mīlitibus noluit = nōn voluit, nōn cupīvit mandārētur = imperātur famē = sine cībō captī (sunt) adficiuntur = puniuntur profectus est = mīgrāvit […] = remōvē et nolī dīcere Pȳrēnaeum = montēs inter Hispāniā Galliāque (in) eā parte inviās = sine viīs patefēcit = aperuit trāditur = dīcitur (ad) Arīminum trāiēcit = dūxit occurrit = convēnit commissō proeliō = factā pugnā suīs (mīlitibus) cōnflīgit = pugnāvērunt occurrit = convēnit interēmit = interfēcit adversus = contrā + acc. differendō = nōn faciēns


X. Quīngentēsimō et quadrāgēsimō annō ā conditā urbe L. Aemilius Paulus P. Terentius Varrō contrā Hannibalem mittuntur Fabiōque succēdunt, quī abiēns ambō cōnsulēs monuit, ut Hannibalem, callidum et inpatientem ducem, nōn aliter vincerent, quam proelium differendō. Vērum cum inpatientiā Varrōnis cōnsulis contrādīcente alterō cōnsule [id est Aemiliō Paulō] apud vīcum, quī Cannae appellātur, in Āpūliā pugna tum esset, ambō cōnsulēs ab Hannibale vincuntur. In eā pugnā tria mīlia Āfrōrum pereunt; magna pars dē exercitū Hannibalis sauciātur. Nūllō tamen proeliō Pūnicō bellō Rōmānī gravius acceptī sunt. Periit enim in eō cōnsul Aemilius Paulus, cōnsulārēs aut praetōriī xx, senātōrēs captī aut occīsī xxx, nōbilēs virī ccc, mīlitum XL mīlia, equitum III mīlia et quīngentī. In quibus malīs nēmō tamen Rōmānōrum pācis mentiōnem habēre dignātus est. Servī, quod numquam ante, manūmissī et mīlitēs factī sunt. XI. Post eam pugnam multae Ītaliae cīvitātēs, quae Rōmānīs pāruerant, sē ad Hannibalem trānstulērunt. Hannibal Rōmānīs obtulit, ut captīvōs redimerent, respōnsumque est ā senātū eōs cīvēs nōn esse necessāriōs, quī cum armātī essent, capī potuissent. Ille omnēs posteā variīs suppliciīs interfēcit et trēs modiōs ānulōrum aureorum Carthāginem mīsit, quōs ex manibus equitum Rōmānōrum, senātōrum et mīlitum dētrāxerat. Intereā in Hispāniā, ubi frāter Hannibalis Hasdrubal remānserat cum magnō exercitū, ut eam tōtam Āfrīs subigeret, ā duōbus Scīpiōnibus, Rōmānīs ducibus, vincitur. Perdit in pugnā xxxv mīlia hominum; ex hīs capiuntur x mīlia, occīduntur xxv mīlia. Mittuntur eī ā Carthāginiēnsibus ad reparandās vīrēs xil mīlia peditum, iv mīlia equitum, xx elephantī. XII. Annō quārtō postquam ad Ītaliam Hannibal vēnit, M. Claudius Mārcellus cōnsul apud Nōlam, cīvitātem Campāniae, contrā Hannibalem bene pugnāvit.

1 5 10 15 20 25 30

= DXL annō condītā urbe = initiō urbis succēdunt = vēnit ad monuit = dīxit callidus = sapiēns differendō = nōn faciēns Vērum = sed vīcum = oppidum pereunt=interficiuntur sauciātur=vulnerātur periit = interficitur captī (sunt) occīsī (sunt) = interfectī sunt dignātus est= putāvit esse bōnum manūmissī (sunt) = līberātī sunt pāruerant = erant fīdelēs obtulit < offerō redimerent = reciperent necessāriōs=amīcōs modiōs = magnōs saccōs dētrāxerat < dētrahō = cēperat subigeret = vinceret sub perdit = āmīsit occīduntur = interficuntur vīrēs = fortitūdō

Eutropius’ Hannibal pp. 5-6

15

Hannibal multās cīvitātēs Rōmānōrum per Āpūliam, Calabriam,

Brittiōs occupāvit. Quō tempore etiam rēx Macedoniae Philippus

ad eum lēgātōs mīsit, prōmittēns auxilia contrā Rōmānōs sub hāc

condiciōne, ut dēlētīs Rōmānīs ipse quoque contrā Graecōs ab

Hannibale auxilia acciperet. Captīs igitur lēgātīs Philippī et rē

cognitā Rōmānī in Macedoniam M. Valērium Laevīnum īre

iussērunt, in Sardiniam T. Mānlium Torquātum prōcōnsulem.

Nam etiam ea sollicitāta ab Hannibale Rōmānōs dēseruerat.

XIII. Ita ūnō tempore quattuor locīs pugnābātur: in Ītaliā contrā

Hannibalem, in Hispāniīs contrā frātrem eius Hasdrubālem, in

Macedoniā contrā Philippum, in Sardiniā contrā Sardōs et alterum

Hasdrubālem Carthāginiēnsem. Is ā T. Mānliō prōcōnsule, quī ad

Sardiniam missus fuerat, vīvus est captus, occīsa [cum eō]

duodecim mīlia, captī cum eō mīlle quīngentī, et ā Rōmānīs

Sardinia subācta. Mānlius victor captīvōs et Hasdrubālem Rōmam

reportāvit.

Intereā etiam Philippus ā Laevīnō in Macedoniā vincitur et in

Hispāniā ab Scīpiōnibus Hasdrubal et Māgō, tertius frāter

Hannibalis.

XIV. Decimō annō postquam Hannibal in Ītaliam vēnerat, P.

Sulpiciō Cn. Fulviō cōnsulibus Hannibal usque ad quārtum

mīliārium urbis accessit, equitēs eius usque ad portam. Mox

cōnsulum cum exercitū venientium metū Hannibal ad Campāniam

sē recēpit. In Hispāniā ā frātre eius Hasdrubale ambō Scīpiōnēs,

quī per multōs annōs victōrēs fuerant, interficiuntur, exercitus

tamen integer mānsit; cāsū enim magis erant quam virtūte dēceptī.

Quō tempore etiam ā cōnsule Mārcellō Siciliae magna pars capta

est, quam tenēre Āfrī coeperant, et nōbilissima urbs Syrācūsāna;

praeda ingēns Rōmam perlāta est.

1

5

10

15

20

25

lēgātōs = nūntiōs auxilia = plūrēs mīlitēs prōcōnsulem = vir quī dūcit mīlitēs prō cōnsule sollicitāta = perturbāta occīsa (sunt) = interfecta sunt captī (sunt) subācta (sunt) = victa sunt Sulpiciō…cōnsulibus = cum...essent cōnsulēs metū = ē timōre integer = nōn tactus cāsū = fortūnā perlāta est < perferō


Laevīnus in Macedoniā cum Philippō et multīs Graeciae populīs et rēge Asiae Attalō amīcitiam fēcit, et ad Siciliam profectus Hannōnem quendam, Āfrōrum ducem, apud Agrigentum cīvitātem cum ipsō oppidō cēpit eumque Rōmam cum captīvīs nōbilissimīs mīsit. xl cīvitātēs in dēditiōnem accēpit, xxvi expugnāvit. Ita omnis Sicilia recepta est [Macedonia frācta] ; ingentī glōriā Rōmam regressus est. Hannibal in Ītaliā Cn. Fulvium cōnsulem subitō adgressus cum octo mīlibus hominum interfēcit. XV. Intereā ad Hispāniās, ubi occīsīs duōbus Scīpiōnibus nūllus Rōmānus dux erat, P. Cornēlius Scīpiō mittitur, fīlius P. Scīpiōnis, quī ibīdem bellum gesserat, annōs nātus quattuor et vīgintī, vir Rōmānōrum omnium et suā aetāte et posteriōre tempore ferē prīmus. Is Carthāginem Hispāniae capit, in quā omne aurum, argentum et bellī apparātum Āfrī habēbant, nōbilissimōs quoque obsidēs, quōs ab Hispānīs accēperant. Māgōnem etiam, frātrem Hannibalis, ibīdem capit, quem Rōmam cum aliīs mittit. Rōmae ingēns laetitia post hunc nūntium fuit. Scīpiō Hispānōrum obsidēs parentibus reddidit; quārē omnēs ferē Hispānī ūnō animō ad eum trānsiērunt. Post quae Hasdrubālem, Hannibalis frātrem, victum fugat et praedam maximam capit. XVI. Intereā in Ītaliā cōnsul Q. Fabius Maximus Tarentum recēpit, in quā ingentēs cōpiae Hannibalis erant. Ibi etiam ducem Hannibalis Carthalōnem occīdit, xxv mīlia hominum captīvōrum vēndidit, praedam mīlitibus dispertīvit, pecūniam hominum vēnditōrum ad fiscum retulit. Tum multae cīvitātēs Rōmānōrum, quae ad Hannibalem trānsierant prius, rūrsus sē Fabiō Maximō dēdidērunt. Īnsequentī annō Scīpiō in Hispāniā ēgregiās rēs ēgit et per sē et per frātrem suum L. Scīpiōnem; lxx cīvitātēs recēpērunt. In Ītaliā tamen male pugnātum est. Nam Claudius Mārcellus cōnsul ab Hannibale occīsus est.

1 5 10 15 20 25 30

profectus = cum migrāvisset expugnāvit = cēpit per pugnam regressus est = rediit adgressus = cum pugnāvisset occīsīs = interfectīs vīgintī = XX suā aetāte = tempore vītae posteriōre temp. = futūrō tempore apparātum = instrumenta laetitia = gaudium obsidēs = populōs captōs quārē: igitur, ergō (cum) ūnō animō occīdit = interfēcit dispertīvit = dedit vēnditōr-um = illī quī vendunt fiscum = pecūniam pūblicam ēgit = fēcit pugnātum est = pugnāvērunt occīsus est = interfectus est


XVII. Tertiō annō postquam Scīpiō ad Hispāniās profectus

fuerat, rūrsus rēs inclitās gerit. Rēgem Hispāniārum magnō

proeliō victum in amīcitiam accēpit et prīmus omnium ā victō

obsidēs nōn poposcit.

XVIII. Dēspērāns Hannibal Hispāniās contrā Scīpiōnem diūtius

posse retinērī, frātrem suum Hasdrubālem ad Ītaliam cum

omnibus cōpiīs ēvocāvit. Is veniēns eōdem itinere, quō etiam

Hannibal vēnerat, ā cōnsulibus Ap. Claudiō Nerōne et M. Līviō

Salīnātōre apud Sēnam, Pīcēnī cīvitātem, in īnsidiās conpositās

incidit. Strēnuē tamen pugnāns occīsus est; ingentēs eius cōpiae

captae aut interfectae sunt, magnum pondus aurī atque argentī

Rōmam relātum est. Post haec Hannibal diffīdere iam dē bellī

coepit ēventū. Rōmānis ingēns animus accessit; itaque et ipsī

ēvocāvērunt ex Hispāniā P. Cornēlium Scīpiōnem. Is Rōmam cum

ingentī glōriā vēnit.

XIX. Q. Caeciliō L. Valēriō cōnsulibus omnēs cīvitātēs, quae in

Brittiīs ab Hannibale tenēbantur, Rōmānīs sē trādidērunt.

XX. Annō quārtō decimō posteāquam in Ītaliam Hannibal

vēnerat, Scīpiō, quī multa bene in Hispāniā ēgerat, cōnsul est

factus et in Āfricam missus. Cui virō dīvīnum quiddam inesse

exīstimābātur, adeō ut putārētur etiam cum nūminibus habēre

sermōnem. Is in Āfricā contrā Hannōnem, ducem Āfrōrum,

pugnat; exercitum eius interficit. Secundō proeliō castra capit cum

quattuor mīlibus et quīngentīs mīlitibus, xi mīlibus occīsīs.

Syphacem, Numidiae rēgem, quī sē Āfrīs coniūnxerat, capit et

castra eius invādit. Syphāx cum nōbilissimīs Numidīs et īnfīnītīs

spoliīs Rōmam ā Scīpiōne mittitur. Quā rē audītā omnis ferē Ītalia

Hannibalem dēserit. Ipse ā Carthāginiēnsibus redīre in Āfricam

iubētur, quam Scīpiō vastābat.

1

5

10

15

20

25

30

profectus fuerat = migrāverat inclitās = famōsās gerit = facit obsidēs = populōs captōs poposcit = rogāvit copiīs = mīlitibus (in) eōdem itinere (in) quō īnsidiās = incidit < in + cādō cōpiae = mīlitēs pondus = grāvitās relātum est < referō diffīdere = despērāre Multa = multās rēs ēgerat = fēcerat cui virō = (in) hōc virō exīstimābātur = pūtābātur nūminibus = deīs occīsīs = interfectīs Quā rē = hāc rē


XXI. Ita annō septimō decimō ab Hannibale Ītalia līberāta est. Lēgātī Carthāginiēnsium pācem ā Scīpiōne petīvērunt; ab eō ad senātum Rōmam missī sunt. Quadrāgintā et quīnque diēbus hīs indūtiae datae sunt, quousque īre Rōmam et regredī possent; et trīgintā mīlia pondō argentī ab hīs accepta sunt. Senātus ex arbitriō Scīpiōnis pācem iussit cum Carthāginiēnsibus fierī. Scīpiō hīs condiciōnibus dedit: nē amplius quam trīgintā nāvēs habērent, ut quīngenta mīlia pondō argentī darent, captīvōs et perfugās redderent. 22. Interim Hannibale veniente ad Āfricam pāx turbāta est, multa hostīlia ab Āfrīs facta sunt. Lēgātī tamen eōrum ex urbe venientēs ā Rōmānīs captī sunt, sed iubente Scīpiōne dīmissī. Hannibal quoque frequentibus proeliīs victus ā Scīpiōne petit etiam ipse pācem. Cum ventum esset ad colloquium, īsdem condiciōnibus data est, quibus prius, additīs quīngentīs mīlibus pondō argentī centum mīlibus lībrārum propter novam perfidiam. Carthāginiēnsibus condiciōnēs displicuērunt iussēruntque Hannibalem pugnāre. Īnfertur ā Scīpiōne et Masinissā, aliō rēge Numidārum, quī amīcitiam cum Scīpiōne fēcerat, Carthāginī bellum. Hannibal trēs explōrātōrēs ad Scīpiōnis castra mīsit, quōs captōs Scīpiō circumdūcī per castra iussit ostendīque hīs tōtum exercitum, mox etiam prandium darī dīmittīque, ut renūntiārent Hannibalī quae apud Rōmānōs vīdissent. 23. Intereā proelium ab utrōque duce īnstrūctum est, quāle vix ūllā memoriā fuit, cum perītissimī virī cōpiās suās ad bellum ēdūcerent. Scīpiō victor recēdit paene ipsō Hannibale captō, quī prīmum cum multīs equitibus, deinde cum vīgintī, postrēmō cum quattuor ēvāsit. Inventa in castrīs Hannibalis argentī pondō vīgintī mīlia, aurī octōgintā, cētera supellectilis cōpiōsa. Post id certāmen pāx cum Carthāginiēnsibus facta est. Scīpiō Rōmam rediit, ingentī glōriā triumphāvit atque Āfricānus ex eō appellārī coeptus est. Fīnem accēpit secundum Pūnicum bellum post annum nōnum decimum, quam coeperat.

1 5 10 15 20 25 30

Lēgātī = dūcēs Quadrāgintā et quīnque = XLV indūtiae = foedus, pactum pācis quoousque = tam longum quam regredī = red-īre (in) pondō = (in) grāvitāte arbitriō = cōnsiliō amplius = plūrēs quīngenta = D perfugās = illōs quī fugiunt dīmissī (sunt) proeliīs = pugnīs ventum esset = vēnissent (pāx) data est (in) quibus (pāx data est) prius lībr-ārum = lb. perfidiam = malum displicuērunt= erant nōn grātae īnfertur…bellum explōrātōrēs = mīlitēs prandium = cibum renūntiārent = reportārent proelium = pugna īnstructum est = ēductum est quāle = quod perītus = sapiēns postrēmō = in fīne (in) pondō = (in) grāvitāte cētera supellectilis cōpiōsa = multae aliae rēs bonae ex eō (bellō) nōnum decimum = XIX

19

Alphabetized Core Vocabulary in Eutropius’ Hannibal The following list includes all words that occur four or more times arranged and selected common words of lesser frequency in an alphabetized list. The number at the end of the entry indicates how many times the word occurs in the commentary. These dictionary entries are not in the corresponding vocabulary lists and therefore must be reviewed before using the commentary.

ā, ab, abs (away) from by, 33 accipiō, -ere -cēpī -ceptum: receive, 7 ad: to, toward; near, 23 Aemilius, -iī m.: Aemilius, 3 Āfer, -a, -um: African, 8 Āfrica, -ae f.: Africa, 4 Āfricānus, -a, -um: Africanus, 1 alius, -a, -ud: other, another, else, 2 Alpēs, -ium f.: Alps, 2 amīca, -ae f.: friend, 1 animus, -ī m.: mind, soul; heart, passion, 2’ annus, -ī m.: year, 12 ante: before, in front of (acc); before, 1 appellō (1): call (by name), name, 2 apud: at, among, in the presence of (acc), 6 argentum, -ī n.: silver, 6 Asia, -ae f.: Asia Minor, 1 audiō, -īre, -īvī, audītum: hear, listen to, 1

bellum, -ī, n.: war, 12

Caecilius, -ī m.: Caecilius, 1 capiō, -ere, cēpī, captum: take, seize, 18 captīvus, -ī m.: captive, 5 Carthāginiēnsis, -is m.: Carthaginian, 11 Carthāgō, Carthāginis f.: Carthage, 4 castra, -ōrum n.: camp, 6 centum: hundred, 1 cīvitās. cīvitātis f.: state, city-state, 10 Claudius, -iī m.: Claudius, 3 coepī, coepisse, coeptum: begin, 4 condicio, -ciōnis f.: condition, term, 4 cōnsul, -is m.: consul, 16 contrā: against (acc) in reponse, 11 cōpia, -ae f.: abundance, supply troops, 5 Cornēlius, -ī m.: Cornelius, 4 cum: with (abl) when, since, although, 25

dē: down from, about, concerning (abl), 2 decimus, -a, -um: tenth, 4 dō, dare, dedī, datum: give, put grant, 6 duo, duae, duo: two, 2 dux, ducis m/f.: leader, guide, chieftain, 8

ēducō (1): lead out, bring up, rear, train, 1 elephantus, -ī m.: elephant, 2 eques, equitis m.: horseman, rider, 6 et: and, also, even, 38

etiam: also, even, besides, 11 ex, ē: out from, from, out of (abl), 7 exercitus, -ūs m.: army, 8

Fabius, -iī m.: Fabius, 4 faciō, -ere, fēcī, factum: make, do, 6 fīlius, -iī m.: son, 1 fīnis, -is m./f.: end, border; territory, 1 frāter, -tris m.: brother, 9

glōria, -ae, f.: glory, fame, 3

habeō, -ēre, habuī, -itus: have, hold, 4 Hannibal, -is m.: Hannibal, 48 Hasdrubal, -is m.: Hasdrubal, 9 hic, haec, hoc: this, these he, she, it, 9 Hispānia, -ae f.: Hispania, 15 homō, -inis m/f: person, people, human, 4

in: in, on (abl) , into, against (acc.), 38 ingēns (ingentis): huge, immense, vast, 8 intereā: meanwhile, 7 interficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectum: kill, slay, 5 ipse, ipsa, ipsum: -self; the very, 9 is, ea, id: this, that he, she, it, 33 Ītalia, -ae f.: Italy, 14 iubeō, -ēre, iussī, iussum: order, bid, 6

Laevīnus, -ī m.: Laevinus, 3 lēgātus, -ī m.: legate, ambassador, envoy, 6 Līvius, -ī m.: Livius, 1

Macedonia, -ae f.: Macedonia, 6 magnus, -a, -um: great, large; important, 5 malus, -a, -um: bad, wicked, evil; adv. poorly, 2 Mārcellus, -ī m.: Marcellus, 3 Masinissa, -ae m.: Masinissa, 1 maximus, -a, -um: greatest; nōmen, Maximus, 4 memoria, -ae f.: memory, 1 mīlēs, mīlitis m.: soldier, 5 mīlle (pl. mīlia): thousand, 23 mittō, -ere, mīsī, missum: send, let go, 14 multus, -a, -um: much, many, abundant, 10

nāvis, -is, f.: ship, boat, 1 nē: lest, that not, so that not, not, 2 nōbilis, -e: noble, 5 nōn: not, by no means, not at all, 3 numquam: never, 1

20

occīdō, -ere, -cīdī, -cīsus: kill, strike down, 8 occupō (1): seize, occupy, 1 octō: eight, 1 omnis, -e: every, all, 9

P.: Publius, 7 pars, partis, f.: part, direction, side, 3 Paulus, -ī m.: Paulus, 3 pāx, pācis f.: peace, 6 pecūnia, -ae f.: money, 1 per: through, over, across, 7 Philippus, -ī m.: Philip, 5 pondus, -eris n.: weight; pondō, in weight, 5 populus, -ī m.: people, population, 2 possum, posse, potuī: be able, can, 3 post: after, behind (acc); afterward, next, 6 prīmus, -a, -um: first, foremost; early, 4 proelium, -iī n.: battle, 7 pugna, -ae f.: fight, 5 pugnō (1): to fight, 6 Pūnicus, -a, -um: Punic, 3

quam: than, 4 quārtus, -a, -um: fourth, 3 quattuor: four, 4 que: and, as well, 7 quī, quae, quod (quis? quid?): who, which, 35 quīngentī, -ae, -a: five hundred, 5 quīnque: five, 1 quoque: also, 4

recipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: take (back), 4 rēs, reī, f.: matter, affair, situation; restitution, 4 rēx, rēgis m.: king, 5

Rōma, -ae f.: Rome, 12 Rōmānus, -a, -um: Roman, 26

Salīnātōr, -is m.: Salinator, 1 Sardinia, -ae f.: Sardinia (island), 4 Scīpiō, Scīpiōnis m.: Scipio, 28 sē: himself, herself, itself, themselves, 9 sed: but, moreover, however, 1 senātor, -ōris m.: senator, 2 senātus, -ūs f.: senate, 3 septem: seven, 1 septimus, -a, -um: seventh, 1 servus, -ī, m.: slave, 1 Sicilia, -ae f.: Sicily, 5 sub: under, beneath (abl), 1 sum, esse, fuī: to be, 47 suus, -a, -um: his, her, its, their (own), 5

tamen: nevertheless, however, 6 tempus, -poris n.: time, 4 teneō, -ēre, -uī, tentum: hold, keep, 2 Terentius, -iī m.: Terentius, 1 tōtus. -a, -um: whole, entire, 3 trēs, tria: three, 3 tum: then, at that time, 3

ubi: where, when, 2 ūnus, -a, -um: one, single, 2 urbs, urbis, f.: city, 4 ut (utī): as, when (ind) so that, 9

veniō, -īre, vēnī, ventum: come, 11 vērus, -a, -um: true, real; adv. vērum, but 1 victor, -ōris m.: conquerer, vanquisher, 3 videō, -ēre, vīdī, vīsum: see, 1 vīgintī: twenty, 3 vincō, -ere, vīcī, victum: conquer, defeat, 11 vir, virī m.: man, 4

Latin Text with Facing Vocabulary and Commentary · 2019. 8. 14. · iii Running Core Vocabulary in Eutropius’ Hannibal The following list includes all words i that occur four or

Documents