Latin America. The duration and isolation of early American cultures a)kept them from developing many of the attributes of civilization. b)prevented the.

Latin America

The duration and isolation of early American cultures

a) kept them from developing many of the attributes of civilization.

b) prevented the formation of social classes and slavery.

c) distinguished them from the world's other major cultural regions.

d) resulted in irreversible damage to the environment.

e) protected them from the ills of civilization.Ans:  c

What plants were domesticated and formed the staple of the Mesoamerican diet?

a) Corn, beans, and squashb) Grapes, wheat, and olivesc) Wheat, barley, and legumesd) Taro, plantains, and melonse) Rice, yams, and plantainsAns:  a

The staple food of Mesoamerica wasa. squash.b. beans.c. fish.d. maize. *e. potato.

The first society of Mesoamerica, which founded traditions followed by all later societies, was the

a. Maya.b. Olmec. *c. Teotihuacan.d. Mochica.e. Aztec.

The makers of the “giant head” carvings in Mesoamerica were part of which civilization?

a) Olmecb) Toltecc) Zapatecd) Oaxacane) ChavínAns:  a

The only domesticated beast of burden in the Andean region was the

a) horse.b) llama.c) camel.d) bison.e) vicuña.Ans:  b

The Olmecs traded extensively in all of the following items except

a. horses. *b. jade.c. obsidian.d. small works of art.e. animal skins.

Which Mesoamerican group practiced human sacrifice?

a) Mayab) Aztecc) Olmecd) Toltece) All of theseAns:  e

Maya sacrificial victims typically consisted ofa) volunteers.b) drafted commoners who “lost” the lottery.c) slaves who were old or no longer valuable.d) captured nobility from other areas.e) prisoners of war.Ans:  d

Which of the following mathematical concepts, essential for positional notation and the manipulation of large numbers, was invented by Mayan mathematicians?

a. infinityb. zero *c. long divisiond. exponential notatione. negative numerals

The most flexible and sophisticated system of writing found in the ancient Americas was created by

a. the Olmecs.b. the Maya. *c. the Teotihuacan society.d. the Chavin cult.e. the Incas.

Which of the following groups was the earliest Mesoamerican civilization?

a) Toltecsb) Olmecc) Mayad) Aztecse) OaxacansAns:  b

Aztec religion wasa) monotheistic.b) henotheistic.c) dualistic.d) agnostic.e) polytheistic.Ans:  e

The principal reason for human sacrifice among the Aztecs was

a) to punish enemies.b) to enhance the power of the emperor.c) intimidation and conquest.d) The god Huitzilopochtli required a diet of

human hearts.e) entertainment.Ans:  d

The capital of the Aztec empire was a. Tula b. Teotihuacan. c. Cuzco. d. Tenochtitlan. * e. Chichén Itźa.

Llamas and alpacas were valued by the Incas fora) wool.b) food.c) transportation.d) all of the these.e) none of these; they were sacred to Incan

religion.Ans:  d

Rulers of which group deliberated state policy in the presence of the mummies of their predecessors?

a. Inca *b. Aztecc. Chimud. Puebloe. Maya

What two nations began a maritime revolution that profoundly altered the course of world history?

a) England and Franceb) Portugal and Spainc) Germany and Russiad) China and Japane) Greece and ItalyAns:  b

Conquistador meansa) conqueror.b) lawgiver.c) bringer of Christ.d) convict.e) communist.Ans:  a

The motives that led to Iberian overseas expansion were

a) economic.b) religious.c) political.d) intellectual.e) all of these.Ans:  e

Columbus insisted that he had reacheda) the Indian Ocean.b) the West Indies.c) the New World.d) China.e) Malacca.Ans:  a

The most profitable and strongest colonization by Europe was in

a) Africa.b) China.c) India.d) the Americas.e) Newfoundland.Ans:  d

The first Amerindians to contact the Spanish were the

a) Aztecs.b) Arawaks.c) Maya.d) Incas.e) Cassava.Ans:  b

Francisco Pizarro defeated the Inca Empire witha) 180 men.b) 1,800 men.c) 18,000 men.d) 180,000 men.e) The Inca Empire defeated Pizarro.Ans:  a

Death rates among Amerindian peoples during the epidemics of the early colonial period were

a) very high.b) average.c) very low.d) no higher than at other times.e) nonexistent; death rates ceased during this

period.Ans:  a

What was the most deadly of the epidemics in the Americas?

a) Smallpoxb) Syphilisc) Influenzad) Measlese) CholeraAns:  a

What effect did European horses have on the Americas?

a) Increased military capacity and hunting efficiency

b) Decreased military capacity and hunting efficiency

c) No impact because religious prohibitions prevented its use

d) No appreciable impact because they already had the horse

e) The decline in the alpaca populationAns:  a

By the end of the sixteenth century, what country occupied most of the Brazilian coast?

a) Spainb) Englandc) Portugald) Francee) AustriaAns:  c

The most important agent for transmitting European beliefs, language, and culture in Spanish America and Brazil was the

a) Council of the Indies.b) Spanish and Portuguese armies.c) Catholic Church.d) plantation system.e) Lantern Council.Ans:  c

An encomienda wasa) a form of forced labor and tribute.b) a plantation for mining precious metals.c) a plantation for growing sugar.d) an agreement with Amerindians.e) a disease of the lower intestine.Ans:  a

In Brazil, the economic importance of Amerindian slaves was eventually superseded by

a) Asian slaves.b) European peasants.c) African slaves.d) better technology.e) animal power.Ans:  c

How did the English and French American colonies differ from the Spanish and Portuguese American colonies?

a) The Spanish and Portuguese forced their languages on the population.

b) The English and French used direct government control to develop colonies.

c) The Spanish and Portuguese ruled with “benign neglect.”

d) The English and French developed colonies through the efforts of private companies.

e) They did not differ at all in their policies.Ans:  d

Which new form of compulsory labor was first introduced by the English in North America?

a) Black slave laborb) Amerindian slave laborc) Indentured servantsd) The mita and encomiendae) The chinampa systemAns:  c

Which of the following is not one way that the Amerindian population reacted to the colonial economy?

a) They provided furs and deerskins to European traders.

b) Amerindian hunting and gathering and agricultural practices were disrupted.

c) They became dependent on European goods.d) The natural balance of plants and animals

was disrupted.e) They eventually grew wealthy from this

contact.Ans:  e

Plantation economies grew all of the following labor intensive crops except

a) tobacco.b) cotton.c) rice.d) sugar.e) squash.Ans:  e

The French settlements in America resembled Spanish and Portuguese colonies in that they wanted to

a) draft Amerindians for military service.b) extract resources and convert the population

to Christianity.c) free the Amerindians from oppression by the

Aztec kings.d) protect the environment while preserving

Amerindian culture.e) do none of these; the French actually

resembled the English more than they did the Spanish or Portuguese.

Ans:  b

The Enlightenment was the intellectual movement in which

a) the methods and questions of the Scientific Revolution were applied to human society.

b) the methods and questions of the Confucian examination system were applied to society.

c) the methods and ideology of the Protestant Reformation were applied to society.

d) the ideas of the Renaissance were applied to society.

e) the ideas of the absolutist rulers were applied to society.

Ans:  a

The Enlightenment was the intellectual movement in which

a) the methods and questions of the Scientific Revolution were applied to human society.

b) the methods and questions of the Confucian examination system were applied to society.

c) the methods and ideology of the Protestant Reformation were applied to society.

d) the ideas of the Renaissance were applied to society.

e) the ideas of the absolutist rulers were applied to society.

Ans:  a

Aside from the brutal conditions on Saint Domingue, the island erupted in revolt because

a) of the intervention of the English navy.b) of the turmoil in revolutionary France.c) all trade and exports were cut off.d) the planter elites started their own

government.e) of the mystical visions of its leader.Ans:  b

Who was François Dominique Toussaint L’Ouverture?

a) The leader of a slave revolt in Saint Domingue

b) The Caribbean delegate to the French Revolutionary Council

c) The great impressionist painter of the French Revolution

d) The son of Robespierre and the Empress Josephine

e) The French general who crushed the slave revolt in Saint Domingue

Ans:  a

Simón Bolívar created Gran Colombia, which unified

a) the peoples of all Spanish-speaking America.b) the Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking

territories.c) Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador into one

nation.d) Central and South America into one coalition.e) Haiti, Antigua, and Brazil into one nation.Ans:  c

The Mexican revolutionaries José María Morelos and Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla were

a) lawyers.b) priests.c) military officers.d) labor union organizers.e) physicians.Ans:  b

The two areas in Latin America that retained monarchy (initially) were

a) Mexico and Bolivia.b) Peru and Chile.c) Uruguay and Paraguay.d) Mexico and Brazil.e) Brazil and Argentina.Ans:  d

With the end of colonialism in the Americas, Amerindians

a) were no longer exploited.b) lost the protection of the colonial powers.c) could once again settle on their own lands.d) could control their own destinies.e) were deported from the continent.Ans:  b

Caribbean settlers were not enthusiastic about independence from European imperial governments because they

a) worried that disaster relief would not be provided.

b) feared slave revolts.c) feared that trade would diminish.d) felt vulnerable to economic takeover by the

United States.e) feared the rise of Caribbean tourism.Ans:  b

France's support for slavery decreased aftera) the Haitian Revolution.b) the writing of the Declaration of the Rights of

Man.c) Napoleon conscripted slaves to fight his wars

against Britain, promising freedom in exchange for military service.

d) sale of the Louisiana Territory reduced its need for plantation labor.

e) the French economy focused more on wine production and handicrafts than industrialized manufacture.

Ans:  a

The term mestizo refers to a. the coins that were used in the Aztec

empire. b. an individual of indigenous and European

parentage. * c. the Spanish plantations on which millions

of Central and South Americans were enslaved. d. the Aztec term for the mysterious disease

that devastated their population. e. the percentage of silver that went to the

Spanish government.

The most important factor in explaining the Spanish victory over the Aztecs and Incas was

a. the overwhelming Spanish superiority in guns and cannons.

b. the devastating loss of life caused by European-borne diseases. *

c. the Spanish strength in numbers. d. the military precision of the well-trained

Spanish troops. e. the Spanish alliance with the Maya.

Hernán Cortés was responsible for the conquest of the

a. Tainos.b. Chimu.c. Inca.d. Aztecs. *e. Moche.

The last emperor of the Aztec empire wasa. Atahualpa.b. Motecuzoma II. *c. Itzcoatl.d. Topa.e. Motecuzoma I.

The conquistador who conquered the Inca wasa. Balboa.b. Cortes.c. Cabral.d. Magellan.e. Pizarro. *

For the Spanish, the greatest attraction of the Americas was

a. precious metals. *b. tobacco.c. a new class of trading partners to buy Spanish

manufactured goods.d. sugar.e. slaves.