latihan topikal

[ ] BIOLOGY

Bab 2: CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANIZATION

Answer all questions from this section.

1. Diagram 1 shows four levels of cell organization in humans.Rajah 1 menunjukkan empat aras organisasi sel dalam manusia.

Diagram 1 / rajah 1(a) Complete table 1 by naming level 2 and level 3.

Level/Aras Name/Nama

1 Cells/sel234 System/sistem

(b) (i) The cells undergo process X to become specific cells that perform a specific function. Name process X.__________________________________________________________________________

( 1 markah)(ii) What is the function of the structure in level 2?

Apakah fungsi struktur pada aras 2?__________________________________________________________________________(

1 markah)(iii)The structure in level 4 is one of the body systems. Name this system

Struktur dalam aras 4 adalah satu daripada system badan. Namakan system ini._____________________________________________________________________________

( 1 markah)(iv) State one function of the system in 2(b)(iii).

Nyatakan satu fungsi di 2(b)(iii)__________________________________________________________________________

( 1 markah)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Siti Mazura Mat Husin @ SMK Saujana, Setiu, Terengganu ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Page 1

[ ] BIOLOGY

(c) (i) Name and explain the condition which can cause a blockage in blood vessel S. Namakan dan terangkan keadaan yang boleh menyebabkan berlakunya penyembahan dalam salur darahName/nama: __________________________________________________________________Explanation /penerangan : __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

( 3 markah)(ii) A person is suffering from the condition in 2(c)(i). State three effects

on the person’s health.Seorang individu mengalami keadaan di 2(c)(i). Nyatakan tiga kesan kesihatannya.1 _______________________________________________________________________2 _______________________________________________________________________3 _______________________________________________________________________

( 3 markah)2. Diagram 2 shows the structure of a plant cell.

Rajah 2 menunjukkan struktur satu sel tumbuhan.

Diagram 2/ rajah 2(i) Name organelle T

Namakan organel T__________________________________________________________________________(

1 markah)(ii) State two functions of the Golgi apparatus.

Nyatakan dua fungsi jasad Golgi.1. _______________________________________________________________________2. _______________________________________________________________________

(2 markah)(a) (i) Name the structure in the chloroplast which is involved in the light

reaction of photosynthesis.


[ ] BIOLOGY

Namakan struktur dalam kloroplas yang terlibat dalam tindak balas cahaya fotosintesis__________________________________________________________________________

(1 markah)(ii) Describe briefly the function of the chloroplast in photosynthesis.

Jelaskan dengan ringkas fungsi kloroplas dalam fotosintesis.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(2 markah)(b) A housewife decide to make salted cabbage. She immersed the cabbage in

salt solution for a certain period of time.Seorang surirumah bercadang untuk membuat kobis masin. Dia merendam kobis itu ke dalam larutan garamm pekat pada tempoh masa tertentu.(i) Draw a labeled diagram of the condition of one the cabbage cells after

being immersed in the concentrated salt solution.Lukis rajah berlabel keadaan satu sel kobis itu selepas direndam dalam larutan pekat itu.

( 2 markah)(ii) What has happened to the cell in the concentrated salt solution? Explain

how this happened.Apakah yang berlaku kepada sel di dalam larutan garam pekat itu? Terangkan bagaimana ini berlaku.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(4 markah)Total : 12 markah


[ ] BIOLOGY

3. Diagram 3 shows a plant cell as seen under electron microscope.

Diagram 3/ rajah 3(a) (i) On diagram 3, label the structures P, Q, R and S.

Pada rajah 3, labelkan struktur P, Q,R dan S.(4 markah)

(ii) State the function of structure :Nyatakan fungsi struktur :R:________________________________________________________________________S:________________________________________________________________________

(2 markah)(b) Explain the role of P to maintain cell turgidity.

Terangkan peranan P dalam mengekalkan kesegahan sel.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(2 markah)(c) Every somatic cell which contains structure Q has a potential to form a

complete new organism.Setiap sel soma yang mengandungi struktur Q berpotensi untuk membentuk organism baru yang serba lengkap.(i) Name the technique used to produce new plants in large quantities.

Namakan teknik yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan pokok-pokok baru dengan banyak.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(2 markah)(ii) By using one suitable part of the plant, explain the technique in 1(c) (i).

Dengan menggunakan satu bahagian tumbuhan yang sesuai, huraikan teknik di 1(c) (i).

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


[ ] BIOLOGY

__________________________________________________________________________(4 markah)

Total : 13 markah4. Diagram 4 shows cell organisation in plant. Cells J undergo differentiation and

specialisation to form several tissues in a leaf of a green plant.Rajah 4 menunjukkan organisasi sel dalam satu tumbuhan. Sel-sel J mengalami pembezaan dan pengkhususan untuk membentuk beberapa tisu dalam satu tumbuhan hijau.

Diagram 4/ rajah 4(a) Name tissue K and tissue L.

Namakan tisu K dan LK : …………………………………………………………………………………………………..L: …………………………………………………………………………………………………...

[2 marks] (b) State the function of cells K and M in a leaf.

Nyatakan fungsi sel K dan M dalam sehelai daunK : ………………………………………………………………………………………………..M: …………………………………………………………………………………………...

………[2 marks]

(c) (i) Explain the differentiation of cells J to form the xylem tissue.Terangkan pembezaan sel J dalam membentuk tisu xilem.…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks]


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(ii) During the formation of the xylem tissue, the plant was unable to synthesise lignin. Explain the effect on the function of the leaf.Sewaktu pembentukan tisu xylem, satu tumbuhan gagal mensistesis lignin. Terangkan kesannya ke atas fungsi daun tumbuhan tersebut.…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks](d) Based on diagram 4, state the meaning of cell specialization.

Berdasarkan rajah 4, nyatakan maksud pengkhususan sel.………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………[2 marks]

(e) Leaf is the main photosynthetic organ of a plant.Explain the adaptation of tissue L to enable the leaf to carry out its function.Daun adalah organ utama fotosintesis sesuatu tumbuhanTerangkan adaptasi tisu L untuk membolehkannya menjalankan fungsinya…………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………….……….…………………………………………………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………………

[2 marks]Lonjakan Saujana SPM Melaka 2009 Q: 1

TOTAL: 12 markah5. Diagram I shows three types of human cells, P, Q and R

Rajah I menunjukkan tiga jenis sel manusia, P, Q dan R

Diagram I/Rajah I(a) (i) Name cell P, Q and R.


[ ] BIOLOGY

Namakan sel P, Q dan R.P:______________________________Q: ______________________________R: ________________________________

[3 marks](ii) State the function of P.

__________________________________________________________________________[I mark]

(iii) Explain ONE special characteristic of cell P which enables it to carry out the function you stated in (a)(ii) efficiently.Terangkan SATU ciri istimewa sel P yang membolehkannya menjalankan tugas yang anda nyatakan dalam (a)(ii) dengan cekap.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

[ 2 markah](b) (i) What is tissue?

Apakah tisu?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

[ 1 markah](ii) Cells P, Q and R will form specific organs and system in the human body.

Complete the following table.Sel P, Q dan R akan membentuk organ dan system tertentu dalam tubuh manusia. Lengkapkan jadual berikut.

Type of cell

Jenis sel

Type of system Jenis system

PQR

[ 3 markah](c) Explain why multicellular organism need cell organism as compared to

unicellular organismsTerangkan mengapa organism multisel memerlukan organisasi sel berbanding dengan organism unisel.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


[ ] BIOLOGY

[ 3 markah]Trial perak 2009 Q:1

6. Diagram 6.1 shows organelles Q, R and S that are found in a cell.

Diagram 6.1/ Rajah 6.1(a) (i) Name R/ Namakan R

R: ________________________________________________________________( 1 markah)

(ii) State the funtion of organelles Q and SNyatakan fungsi organel Q and SQ: _____________________________________________________________________-__S: ________________________________________________________________________

( 2 markah)(b) (i) Name an organ in human where organelles R are abundantly found.

Namakan organ manusia di mana organel R dijumpai dengan banyaknya.__________________________________________________________________________(

1 markah)(ii) Explain the role of organelles R to human

Terangkan peranan organel R kepada manusia._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________( 3 markah)

(c) Diagram 6.2 shows structure T which contains a large number of Q.


[ ] BIOLOGY

Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan struktur T yang mengandungi organel Q dalam jumlah yang banyak.

Rajah 6.2(i) Explain why cell T has a large number of Q.

Terangkan mengapa sel T mengandungi banyak organel Q.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ( 3

markah)(ii) Q are absent in the sperm. Explain the effect of the absence of Q to the

functions of sperm.Q tidak hadir dalam sperma. Terangkan kesan ketidakhadiran Q terhadap

fungsi sperma.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(

2 markah)Trial Selangor 2009 Q:1

7. Sel X dalam rajah 7 menunjukkan struktur tipikal satu sel tumbuhan

Rajah 1(a) (i) labelkan P,Q, R dan S

P: ___________________________________Q: ___________________________________R: ___________________________________S: ___________________________________


[ ] BIOLOGY

( 2 markah)(ii) Nyatakan fungsi P dan Q

P: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Q: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

( 2 markah)(b) (i) Namakan organ di mana R paling padat di dapati

__________________________________________________________________________( 1 markah)

(ii) Lukiskan keratan rentas organ yang anda namakan di (b)(i)?

( 2 markah)(c) (i) Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan tisu dan organ?

Tisu :________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________Organ : ________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________( 2 markah)

(ii) Tisu dan organ tidak terdapat pada organism unisel. Terangkan.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

( 1 markah)(iii)Terangkan mengapa organism multisel perlu kepada organisasi sel.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

( 3 markah)Learning to Score , Perak 2006 Q:1


[ ] BIOLOGY

Bab 3: MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES ACROSS PLASMA MEMBRANE1. Diagram 1.1 and Diagram 1.2 show two different types of movement of

substances across the plasma membrane.Rajah 1.1 dan Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan dua jenis pergerakan yang berbeza bagi bahan merentasi membrane plasma.

Diagram 1.1/ rajah 1.1

Diagram 1.2/Rajah 1.2

(a) In diagram 1.1 label the following structures:Pada rajah 1.1, label struktur –struktur berikut :

phospholipid bilayer, with letter Jdwilapisan fosfolipid, dengan huruf J

carrier protein, with letter Kprotein pembawa, dengan huruf K

(b) State two characteristics of the phospholipid bilayer.Nyatakan dua cirri dwilapisan fosfolipid.1. __________________________________________________________________________2. __________________________________________________________________________

( 2 markah)

(c) Name the process of the movement of substances across the plasma membrane as shown in diagram 1.1 and diagram 1.2.


[ ] BIOLOGY

Namakan proses pergerakan bahan merentasi membrane plasma yang ditunjukkan pada rajah 1.1 dan rajah 1.2.Process in diagram 1.1/ proses pada rajah 1.1________________________________________________________________________________Process in diagram 1.2/ proses pada rajah 1.2______________________________________________________________________________

_ (2 markah)

(d) (i) Glucose molecules are transported across the plasma membrane into the cell through the process shown in diagram 1.1. Explain why.Molekul-molekul glukosa diangkut ke sel merentasi membrane plasma melalui proses yang ditunjukkan pada rajah 1.1. Terangkan mengapa.

( 2 markah)If the substances in diagram 1.2 are calcium ions, describe how they are transported into the cell.Jika bahan pada rajah 1.2 adalah ion-ion kalsium, huraikan bagaimana ion-ion kalsium tersebut diangkut ke dalam sel.

( 4 markah)

2. Rajah 2 menunjukkan model bendalir mozek membrane plasma.

a. Labelkan mana-mana dua struktur J,K,L atau M dengan menggunakan istilah-istilah berikut:


J :_____________________________

K:_____________________________

L : _____________________________

M :

[ ] BIOLOGY

(1 markah)b. Molekul boleh melalui struktur L dalam rajah 2 secara resapan berbantu.

i) Nyatakan satu ciri molekul yang boleh merentasi struktur L.

(1 markah)ii) Terangkan bagaimana molekul melalui struktur L.

(3 markah)

c. Nyatakan satu sifat membrane plasma berdasarkan model pada rajah 2.

(1 markah)d. Menggunakan mekanisme pergerakan bahan merentasi membrane plasma

secara osmosis:i) Terangkan mengapa makanan diawet menggunakan larutan gula yang

pekat.

(3 markah)ii) Lakarkan satu gambarajah untuk menunjukkan pergerakan bahan yang

telah anda terangkan di (d)(i)

(3 markah)TOTAL (12 markah)


Protein pembawa Kepala hidrofilik Protein liang

Ekor hidrofobik Kolesterol

[ ] BIOLOGY

3. Diagram 3 shows the structure of a plasma membrane.Rajah 3 menunjukkan struktur membrane plasma.

Diagram 3/ rajah 3(a) Name the parts labeled Q and R

Namakan bahagian yang berlabel Q dan RP: ______________________________________________________Q: ______________________________________________________

[ 2 markah](b) (i) State the component of structure P

Nyatakan komponen struktur P___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

[ 1 markah](ii) Explain the main function of P

Terangkan fungsi utama P__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

[ 1 markah](c) The plasma membrane is said to be semi-permeable. What is the meaning of

‘semi-permeable’Membrane plasma dikatakn bersifat separa telap. Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan separa telap.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____[ 1 markah]


[ ] BIOLOGY

(d) Graph in diagram 1.2 shows the percentage of red blood cells that are burst or shrink when placed in salt solution of different concentration.Graf dalam rajah 1.2 menunjukkan peratus sel darah merah yang pecah atau mengecut apabila dimasukkan ke dalam larutan garam yang berbeza kepekatan.(i) Based on the graph given, state the concentration which is isotonic to

blood plasma.Berdasarkan graf yang diberi, nyatakan kepekatan larutan yang isotonic terhadap plasma darah.__________________________________________________________________________

( 1 markah)(ii) Explain you answer in (b)(i)

Terangkan jawapan anda dalam (b)(ii)__________________________________________________________________________

( 1 markah)(iii)Comment on the osmotic pressure at Q.

Berikan ulasan tentang tekanan osmosis di Q______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

( 2 markah)


[ ] BIOLOGY

(e) The concentration of ions inside root cells is up to 100 times greater than the soil. Anyway, the ions are still transported into the cells by active transport.Kepekatan ion di dalam sel akar adalah 100 kali lebih tinggi berbanding di dalam tanah. Walaubagaimanapun, ion-ion tersebut masih diangkut ke dalam sel secara pengangkutan aktif.(i) Define active transport.

Takrifkan pengangkutan aktif.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(

1 markah)(ii) Explain what will happen to the uptake of the ions by root cells if the roots

are immersed in a solution containing metabolic poisons such as cyanide.Terangkan apa yang akan berlaku terhadap pengangkutan ion oleh sel akar jika akr tersebut direndam di dalam larutan yang mengandungi racun metabolic seperti sianida._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________(3 markah)

Trial Pahang 2009 Q:14. Diagram 4.1 shows a root hair cell from plant R and the surrounding soil

particles.Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan sel akar rambut tumbuhan R dan butiran tanah di sekelilingnya.

Diagram 4.1/ rajah 4.1(a) (i) Name the process by which root hair cells absorb water. Define the

process in a (i).Namakan proses di mana sel akar rambut menyerap air. Berikan definisi

proses di a(i)


[ ] BIOLOGY

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

( 2 markah)(b) Based on diagram 1, which of the region X and Y has

Berdasarkan rajah 1, yang manakah antara X dan Y mempunyai(i) Lower water concentration

Kepekatan air yang lebih rendah__________________________________________________________________________

(ii) Higher water concentrationKepekatan air yang tinggi__________________________________________________________________________

( 2 markah)(c) Draw an arrow on Diagram 4 show the movement of water in a root hair cells

of plant R.Lukiskan anak panah pada rajah 4 untuk menunjukkan penyerapan air pada sel akar rambut bagi tumbuhan R.

( 1 markah)(d) A farmer applied a large quantity of fertilizer on plant R. predict and explain

what will happen with plant R in a few days.Seorang petani menaburkan baja yang berlebihan pada tumbuhan R. Ramal dan terangkan apakah yang berlaku pada tumbuhan R selepas bebrapa hari._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

( 3 markah)(e) Photograph 1 shows two fresh raw eggs with their shells removed with acid

which have been soaked for one hour into solution P and Q respectively.Explain the processes which occur in both P and QTerangkan proses yang berlaku dalam P dan QP: _________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________Q: _________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________( 4 markah)

Trial SBP 2009 Q:1


[ ] BIOLOGY

5. Rajah 2 (a)(i) menunjukkan keadaan eritrosit manusia sebelum direndam dalam larutan garam 0.60 g/100 cm³.Rajah 2 (a)(ii) menunjukkan keadaan eritrosit tersebut selepas direndam dalam larutan garam 0.60 g/100 cm3.

Sebelum direndam Selepas direndamRAJAH 2(a)(i) RAJAH 2(a)(ii)

(a) (i) Berdasarkan Rajah 2(ii) namakan keadaan yang dialami oleh sel tersebut. _____________________________________________________________________________

[ 1 markah ](ii) Apakah yang menyebabkan berlakunya keadaan yang anda namakan di (a)

(i). Terangkan_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

[ 2 markah ](b) (i) Eritrosit pada Rajah 2 (a)(ii) kemudiannya direndam ke dalam larutan garam

berkepekatan 0.35 g/100cm³ selama 30 minit. Ramalkan keadaan sel selepas tempoh tersebut.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

[ 1 markah ](ii) Berikan alasan bagi jawapan anda di b(i).

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

[ 2 markah ]

(c) Sekiranya sel eritrosit dalam Rajah 2 (a)(i) diganti dengan sel epidermis bawang, ramalkan apa yang akan berlaku. Berikan alasan bagi jawapan anda.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


[ ] BIOLOGY

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

[ 3 markah ]

(d) Seorang nelayan menyimpan ikan yang telah dimasinkan supaya ikan lebih tahan lebih lama. Jelaskan pernyataan ini.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

[ 3 markah ]


[ ] BIOLOGY

Bab 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell1. Diagram 1.1 shows types of carbohydrates J, K and L

Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan jenis-jenis karbohidrat J, K dan L


(a) (i) Name the types of carbohydrates labeled J and K.Namakan jenis karbohidrat berlabel J dan K.J: ___________________________________________________K: __________________________________________________

( 2 markah)(ii) Name the process where K is converted to L

Namakan proses di mana K ditukarkan kepada L

( 1 markah)(iii)L is food storage in plant cell. Give one example of L

L adalah simpanan makanan di dalam sel tumbuhan. Beri satu contoh L

( 1 markah)Trial Kelantan 2009 Q:1


[ ] BIOLOGY

2. Rajah 2(a) menunjukkan tindakan enzim lipase.

Rajah 2(a)a. (i) Labelkan P,Q, R dan S pada rajah 2(a).

(4 markah)(ii) Nyatakan 2 ciri P.

1 ________________________________________________________________2 _________________________________________________________________

(2 markah)b. (i) Nyatakan prinsip tindakan enzim seperti pada rajah 2(a)

____________________________________________________________________(1 markah)

(ii) Apakah yang boleh anda rumuskan tentang enzim lipase berdasarkan rajah 2(a)?____________________________________________________________________

(1 markah)c. Enzim digunakan secara meluas dalam industry.

Nyatakan satu kegunaan enzim lipase dalam industry makanan._______________________________________________________________________

(1 markah)d. Suhu bagi tindakbalas satu enzim lipase berlaku dinaikkan melebihi 60˚C.

Nyatakan kesannya ke atas kuantiti hasil tindak balas itu. Terangkan jawapan anda._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

( 2 markah)


[ ] BIOLOGY

e. Rajah 2(b) menunjukkan satu kotak serbuk pencuci.

Diagram 2(b)/ rajah 2(b)

Seorang suri rumah menggunakan air sejuk untuk mencuci pakaiannya dengan serbuk pencuci jenama X. Didapati kurang berkesan. Dengan menggunakan maklumat di atas, terangkan mengapa._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(2 markah)3. Diagram 3.1 shows two different structures of compound X.

Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan dua struktur yang berlainan bagi sebatian X.

S:______________________________ T: ____________________________

Diagram 3.1/ rajah 3.1(a) (i) Label structure S and T

Label struktur S dan T[2 mark]

(ii) State what compound X is .Nyatakan apakah sebatian X.__________________________________________________________________________

[1 mark](iii) State the monomer of the structures shown in diagram 3.1.

Nyatakan monomer bagi struktur di dalam Rajah 3.1___________________________________________________________________________

__[1 mark]


JENAMA XSerbuk pencuci ditambah enzim

Suhu 40˚ C

RP

Q

S

[ ] BIOLOGY

(b) A patient’s pancreatic cells have been found to be unable to produce a compound X that has structure T. Explain the effect of this to his digestive system.Sel pankreas seorang pesakit didapati gagal untuk menghasilkan sebatian X yang mempunyai struktur S. Terangkan kesannya kepada system penghadaman pesakit ini.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________[3

marks]Trial Melaka 2008 Q:2

4. Figure 4.1 shows the organelles involved during the synthesis and secretion of an enzyme in an equal animal cell.

Figure 4.1 / rajah 4.1(a) Name the organelles labeled P and R.

Namakan organel yang berlabel P dan R.P: ___________________________________________________________________________Q: ___________________________________________________________________________

( 2 markah)(b) (i) State the function of organelle S.

Nyatakan fungsi organel S____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

( 1 markah)(ii) Explain the role of organelle Q in the synthesis of the enzyme.

Terangkan peranan organel Q dalam sintesis enzim.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

( 2 markah)


[ ] BIOLOGY

(c) Explain how enzymes act in:Terangkan bagaimana enzim bertindak dalam:(i) Helping to cook meat

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

( 2 markah)(ii) Extracting agar from seaweeds

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

( 3 markah)

(d) Figure 4.2 shows the structure of an enzyme and three substances W, X and Y. Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan struktur satu enzim dan substrat W, substrat X dan substrat Y.

Enzyme / enzim W X YFigure 4.2/ rajah 4.2

Based on figure 4.2 complete the schematic diagram below to show the mechanism of enzyme action on a suitable substance.Berdasarkan rajah 4.2, lengkapkan rajah skema di bawah bagi menunjukkan mekanisme tindakan enzim ke atas substrat yang sesuai.

Enzyme + substratEnzim + substrat


enzyme are widely used in our daily life and industriesenzyme banyak digunakan dalam kehidupan seharian dan alam industri..

+ Substrat/

Pentose sugarGula pentosa

[ ] BIOLOGY

Enzyme- substrate ComplexKompleks Enzim-Substrat

Enzyme + ProductEnzim + hasil

( 2 markah)

5. Diagram 5.1 shows a nucleotide from a DNA molecule.Rajah 5.1 menunjukan satu nucleotide daripada satu molekul DNA.

Diagram 5.1Rajah 5.1

(a) Name the structures P and Q,P: ____________________________Q:____________________________

( 2 markah)

(b) A DNA molecule consists of two nucleotide chains. Complete the diagram 5.2 to show a DNA molecule. Part of one of the nucleotide chains has been drawn.


P

Q

+ Product/ hasil

[ ] BIOLOGY

( 3 markah)

6. Diagram 6.1 shows the production of extracellular enzymes.Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan penghasilan enzim luar sel.

Diagram 6.1 / rajah 6.1(a) (i) Name the organelles labeled S and T.

Namakan organel berlabel S dan T.S: __________________________________________T: __________________________________________

[ 2 markah](ii) State the function of organelle T

Nyatakan fungsi organel T____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

[ 1 markah](b) Synthesis of molecule Y is a very specific process. It depends on the

information contained in molecule X.Sintesis molekuY adalah proses yang spesifik. Ia bergantung kepada maklumat yang terdapat dalam molekul X.(i) Name X


[ ] BIOLOGY

Namakan X_______________________________________________

[ 1 markah](ii) Explain how information is carried out from the nucleus to organelle S.

Terangkan bagaimana maklumat ini di bawa keluar dari nucleus ke organel S.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

[ 2 markah] (Trial Perak 2009 Q:2)

Bab 5: cell Division1. Diagram 1.1 shows part of the stages of a meiosis cell division in an animal cell.

The chromosome behavior in stages S is not shown.Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada peringkat pembahagian sel secara meiosis dalam satu sel haiwan.Perlakuan kromosom di peringkat S tidak ditunjukkan.


[ ] BIOLOGY

(a) Name the structure labeled XNamakan struktur berlabel X_____________________________________________________________________________

( 1 markah)

(b) (i) In diagram 1.1 complete the diagram in stage S to show the chromosome behavior.

Dalam rajah 1.1, lengkapkan rajah diperingkat S untuk menunjukkan perlakuan kromosom.

( 1 markah)(ii) State one of the changes which occurs in stage S

Nyatakan satu perubahan yang berlaku diperingkat S.


[ ] BIOLOGY

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(1

markah)(c) Diagram 1.2 shows process Y which takes place in stage P.

Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan proses Y yang berlaku di peringkat P.

Beginning of process Y End of process YPermulaan proses Y Akhir proses Y

(i) In diagram 1.2, draw a diagram showing the appearance of the chromosome at the end of process Y.Dalam rajah 1.2, lukis rajah yang menunjukkan rupa kromosom di akhir proses Y.

( 1 markah)(ii) Name process Y.

Namakan proses Y__________________________________________________________________________

( 1 markah)(iii)State one importance of process Y to an organism.

Nyatakan satu kepentingan proses Y kepada sesuatu organism.__________________________________________________________________________

( 1 markah)

(d) Diagram 1.3 shows skin cells. Cells X are cancerous cells which are formed after the normal cells are exposed to factor W.Rajah 1.3 menunjukkan sel-sel kulit. Sel-sel X adal sel kanser yang terbentuk selepas sel-sel normal terdedah kepada factor W.


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Diagram 1.3/ rajah 1.3(i) Give two examples of factor W

Berikan dua contoh factor W1. _______________________________________________________________________2. _______________________________________________________________________

( 2 markah)(ii) Explain the formation of cells X

Terangkan pembentukan sel X.__________________________________________________________________________-______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

( 2 markah)(iii)State two ways to prevent the development of cells X

Nyatakan dua cara untuk mengelakkan perkembangan sel X.1. ________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________2. ________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________( 2 markah)

Jumlah : 12 markah

2. Figure 2 shows cells P and Q undergoing cell divisionRajah 2 menunjukkan sel P dan sel Q yang sedang mengalami pembahagian sel.


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(a) (i) Name the structures labeled K and L.Namakan struktur-struktur yang berlabel K dan LK: ________________________________________________________________________L: ________________________________________________________________________

( 2 markah)(ii) State the phase of division of cells P and Q.

Nyatakan fasa pembahagian sel P dan sel QCell P/sel P : _____________________________________________________________Cell Q/ sel Q :

_____________________________________________________________( 2 markah)

(b) Cell P undergoes three consecutive divisions. How many daughter cells are produced?Sel P mengalami pembahagian sebanyak tiga kali berturut-turut. Berapakah bilangan sel anak yang terhasil?_____________________________________________________________________________

( 1 markah)(c) (i) Cell Q undergoes the first nuclear division and produces two cells.

Sel Q mengalami pembahagian nucleus pertama dan menghasilkan dua sel.

Complete the diagram to show the chromosomes in one of the cells produced.

Lengkapkan rajah untuk menunjukkan kromosom dalam satu daripada dua sel yang terhasil.

( 1 markah)(iv) Name one organ where cell Q is found .

Namakan satu organ di mana sel Q di dapati.


[ ] BIOLOGY

_____________________________________________________________________________( 1 markah)

(v) The number of chromosomes in a somatic cell of a fly is 12. State the number of chromosomes in a daughter cell produced at the end of the type of cell division as shown by cell Q.Bilangan kromosom dalam satu sel soma lalat ialah 12. Nyatakan bilangan kromosom yang terdapat dalam sel anak yang dihasilkan di akhir jenis pembahagaian sel seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh sel Q__________________________________________________________________________(

1 markah)

(d) Cancer is a disease which caused uncontrolled growth of tissues. Radiotheraphy is a method to treat cancer by using radiation. Explain how this treatment stops the grwth of cancer cells.Kanser ialah penyakit yang menyebabkan pertumbuhan tisu tidak terkawal. Radioterapi adalah satu kaedah rawatan penyakit kanser yang menggunakn inaran radioaktif. Terangkan bagaiman rawatan ini menyekat pertumbuhan sel kanser._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

( 2 markah)

(e) An oil palm planter wants to produce a large number of oil palms in a short time.State the best technique to be used by the planter and one problem to be considered in using the technique.Seorang pengusaha kelapa sawit ingin menghasilkan pokok kelapa sawit yang banyak dalam masa yang singkat.Nyatakan teknik yang terbaik yang boleh digunakan oleh pengusaha itu dan satu masalah yang perlu diambil kira dalam menggunakan teknik tersebut._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

( 2 markah)Total : 12

3. Diagram 3.1 shows three stages of mitosis P, Q and R, in an animal cell.Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan tiga peringkat mitosis P,Q dan R dalam sel haiwan.


P: Q: R:

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P Q R


(a) Name the stages P,Q and R in the spaces provided in diagram 3.1Namakan peringkat P, Q dan R dalam ruangan yang disediakan dalam rajah

3.1( 3 markah)

(b) Explain what happens at stage QTerangkan apa yang berlaku pada peringkat Q_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

( 3 markah)(c) State the chromosome behavior at the following stages:

Nyatakan perlakuan kromosom pada peringlat berikut:Stage P/ peringkat P_____________________________________________________________________________Stage R/ peringkat R_____________________________________________________________________________

( 2 markah)

(d) Explain the importance of mitosis in the process of cloning orchid plants.Terangkan kepentingan mitosis dalam proses pengklonan pokok orkid._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

( 3 Markah)(e) Diagram 3.2 shows a cell at stage p. In the next stage, it is found that

chromosome m is not separated.Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan suatu sel pada peringkat P. Pada peringkat seterusnya, didapati kromosom M tidak berpisah.


[ ] BIOLOGY

Diagram 3.2/rajah 3.2 Complete the diagrams for the two daughter cells which will be formed in the space provided below. Lengkapkan rajah kedua-dua sel anak yang akan terbentuk pada ruang yang

disediakan di bawah.

Daughter cell 1 Daughter cell 2Sel anak 1 Sel anak 2

( 2 markah)Total : 13 markah

4. Rajah 6 menunjukkan fasa X dan fasa Y dalam kitar sel bagi suatu organism. Fasa X terdiri daripada tiga subfasa P, Q dan R. fasa Y terdiri daripada dua proses U dan V.(a) (i) Namakan proses U.

__________________________________________________________________________( 1 markah)

(ii) Nyatakan dua peranan proses U dalam organisma.1. _______________________________________________________________________2. _______________________________________________________________________(

2 markah)(b) Rajah 6 menunjukkan peringkat-peringkat dalam proses U


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(i) Berdasarkan Rajah 6 lengkapkan urutan yang betul bagi peringkat-peringkat dalam proses U.

( 1 markah)(ii) Namakan peringkat-peringkat dalam proses U

Peringkat Nama peringkatIIIIIIIV

( 1 Markah)(c) (i) Namakan fasa X dalam Rajah 6

__________________________________________________________________________(1 markah)

(ii) Huraikan apa yang berlaku di dalam sel semasa fasa X.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

( 2 markah)(d) Satu teknik yang melibatkan kitar sel seperti Rajah 6 boleh digunakan dalam

bidang penternakan lembu. Seorang penyelidik ingin menggunakan teknik itu untuk meningkatkan bilangan lembu daging dengan banyak.Huraikan teknik tersebut._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(5 markah)2. Diagram 2.1 shows the cell cycle of an organism.


peringkat IV

peringkat _______

peringkat _______

peringkat ________

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Diagram 2.1/rajah 2.1(a) Name phase U in Diagram 2.1.

U:………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]

(b) Phase U is further divided into three sub phases, X, Y and Z. Describe what happens at sub phases X, Y and Z.X: ………………………………………………………………………Y: ………………………………………………………………………Z: ………………………………………………………………………

[3 marks](c) The number of chromosomes present in the nucleus of a somatic cell is 6.

Diagram 2.2 shows a stage of cell division to produce gametes.

Diagram 2.2Complete the diagram to show the chromosomes for a daughter cell producedat the end of sub-phase Q.

[2 marks]

( d ) Explain how radiotherapy affected cell cycle in cancer treatment.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks](e) (i) A farmer wants to breed a good variety of banana plants for commercial

production. Suggest a suitable method to be used and explain how the method named can increase the crop yield.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………


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…………………………………………………………………………………[3 marks]

(ii) State a problem that can occur when using this method..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

3. Diagram 3.1 shows cell P and cell Q undergoes one of the stages for two types of cell divisionRajah 3.1 menunjukkan sel P dan Q yang sedang menjalani salah satu peringkat di dalam dua pembahagian sel yang berbeza.


(a) (i) State the type of cell division shown in diagram 3.1Namakan jenis pembahagian sel seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam rajah 3.1P : …………………………………………………………………………………….Q : ……………………………………………………………………………………..

[2 marks](iv) State a function of the two cell divisions mentioned in (a)(i).

Nyatakan satu fungsi bagi setiap pembahagian sel yang dinyatakan di (a)(i)

P : ………………………………………………………………………………….Q : …………………………………………………………………………………..

[2 marks](d) Diagram 3.2 shows a cell cycle. On the cell cycle, label the stage shown by

cell Q with a letter YRajah 3.2 menunjukkan satu kitar sel. Pada kitar sel tersebut, labelkan peringkat yang ditunjukkan oleh sel P dengan menngunakan huruf Y.


[ ] BIOLOGY

Diagram 3.2/rajah 3.2[1 mark]

(e) Draw a daughter cell of cell P and Q after both cells have completed the cell division. in the boxes provided below.Lakarkan sel anak bagi sel P dan Q selepas kedua-dua sel selesai menjalani proses pembahagian sel di dalam kotak yang telah disediakan.

Cell P/Sel P Cell Q/ Sel Q(4 markah)

(f) Ahmad has been exposed to gamma rays which results in the failure of structure R to be formed. Explain the effects of this to the formation of the daughter cells of cell P.Ahmad telah terdedah kepada sinaran gamma yang menyebabkan struktur R gagal dihasilkan.Terangkan kesannya keatas penghasilan sel-sel anak bagi sel P………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......

( 3 markah)PERCUBAAN 2008 MELAKA


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latihan topikal

Documents

markah b

markah total

markah iiithe structure

markah c i

cell structure

function of structure

system struktur dalam

pada rajah