AT X Symbol List The Comprehensive L E Scott Pakin 9 November
2009
AbstractA This document lists 5913 symbols and the corresponding
L TEX commands that produce them. Some A of these symbols are
guaranteed to be available in every L TEX 2 system; others require
fonts and packages that may not accompany a given distribution and
that therefore need to be installed. All of the fonts and packages
used to prepare this documentas well as this document itselfare
freely available from the Comprehensive TEX Archive Network
(http://www.ctan.org/).
ContentsContents 1 Introduction 1.1 Document Usage . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 1.2 Frequently Requested Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Body-text symbols A
Table 1: L TEX 2 Escapable Special Characters . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . A Table 2: Predened L TEX 2 Text-mode Commands . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . A Table 3: L TEX 2 Commands Dened to Work in Both
Math and Text Mode Table 4: AMS Commands Dened to Work in Both Math
and Text Mode . . Table 5: Non-ASCII Letters (Excluding Accented
Letters) . . . . . . . . . . . Table 6: Letters Used to Typeset
African Languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 7: Letters Used
to Typeset Vietnamese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 8:
Punctuation Marks Not Found in OT1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. Table 9: pifont Decorative Punctuation Marks . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . Table 10: tipa Phonetic Symbols . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 11: tipx Phonetic Symbols . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 12: wsuipa
Phonetic Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 13: wasysym Phonetic Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . Table 14: phonetic Phonetic Symbols . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 15: t4phonet Phonetic Symbols
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 16: semtrans
Transliteration Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 17: Text-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . Table 18: tipa Text-mode Accents . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 19: extraipa Text-mode
Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 20:
wsuipa Text-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . Table 21: phonetic Text-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . Table 22: metre Text-mode Accents . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 23: t4phonet Text-mode
Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 24:
arcs Text-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . Table 25: semtrans Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . Table 26: ogonek Accents . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 27: combelow
Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
8 8 8 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 12 13 13 13 14 14 14 15 16 16 16
17 17 17 17 17 17
2
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The original version of this document was written by David
Carlisle, with several additional tables provided by Alexander
Holt. See Section 8.8 on page 118 for more information about who
did what.
1
Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table
Table Table Table Table 3
28: 29: 30: 31: 32: 33: 34: 35: 36: 37: 38: 39: 40: 41:
wsuipa Diacritics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . textcomp
Diacritics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . textcomp Currency Symbols .
. . . . . . . . marvosym Currency Symbols . . . . . . . . . wasysym
Currency Symbols . . . . . . . . . C A2e Currency Symbols . . . . .
. . . . . hin teubner Currency Symbols . . . . . . . . . . eurosym
Euro Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fourier Euro Signs . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . textcomp Legal Symbols . . . . . . . . . . .
cclicenses Creative Commons License Icons . textcomp Old-style
Numerals . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous textcomp Symbols . . . . .
. . Miscellaneous wasysym Text-mode Symbols
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18 18 18 18 18 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 21 21 21 22 22 22 23
23 23 23 24 24 24 24 25 25 25 26 26 26 26 27 28 29 30 30 30 30 31
31 31 31 31 32 32 32 33 34 35 36 36 36 36
Mathematical symbols Table 42: Math-Mode Versions of Text
Symbols . . . . . Table 43: cmll Unary Operators . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . Table 44: Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. Table 45: AMS Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 46:
stmaryrd Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . Table 47: wasysym
Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . Table 48: txfonts/pxfonts
Binary Operators . . . . . . . Table 49: mathabx Binary Operators .
. . . . . . . . . . Table 50: MnSymbol Binary Operators . . . . . .
. . . . Table 51: mathdesign Binary Operators . . . . . . . . .
Table 52: cmll Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 53:
shue Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 54: ulsy
Geometric Binary Operators . . . . . . . Table 55: mathabx
Geometric Binary Operators . . . . . Table 56: MnSymbol Geometric
Binary Operators . . . . Table 57: Variable-sized Math Operators .
. . . . . . . Table 58: AMS Variable-sized Math Operators . . . . .
Table 59: stmaryrd Variable-sized Math Operators . . . Table 60:
wasysym Variable-sized Math Operators . . . Table 61: mathabx
Variable-sized Math Operators . . . Table 62: txfonts/pxfonts
Variable-sized Math Operators Table 63: esint Variable-sized Math
Operators . . . . . . Table 64: MnSymbol Variable-sized Math
Operators . . Table 65: mathdesign Variable-sized Math Operators .
. Table 66: cmll Large Math Operators . . . . . . . . . . Table 67:
Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 68: AMS
Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 69: AMS Negated
Binary Relations . . . . . . . . Table 70: stmaryrd Binary
Relations . . . . . . . . . . . Table 71: wasysym Binary Relations
. . . . . . . . . . . Table 72: txfonts/pxfonts Binary Relations .
. . . . . . . Table 73: txfonts/pxfonts Negated Binary Relations .
. . Table 74: mathabx Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . Table
75: mathabx Negated Binary Relations . . . . . . Table 76: MnSymbol
Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . Table 77: MnSymbol Negated
Binary Relations . . . . . Table 78: mathtools Binary Relations . .
. . . . . . . . . Table 79: turnstile Binary Relations . . . . . .
. . . . . . Table 80: trsym Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . .
. . Table 81: trfsigns Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 82: cmll Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table
83: colonequals Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . 2
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Table Table Table
84: 85: 86: 87: 88: 89: 90: 91: 92: 93: 94: 95: 96: 97: 98: 99:
100: 101: 102: 103: 104: 105: 106: 107: 108: 109: 110: 111: 112:
113: 114: 115: 116: 117: 118: 119: 120: 121: 122: 123: 124: 125:
126: 127: 128: 129: 130: 131: 132: 133: 134: 135: 136: 137: 138:
139: 140:
fourier Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . Subset and
Superset Relations . . . . . . . . . AMS Subset and Superset
Relations . . . . . stmaryrd Subset and Superset Relations . . . .
wasysym Subset and Superset Relations . . . . txfonts/pxfonts
Subset and Superset Relations mathabx Subset and Superset Relations
. . . . MnSymbol Subset and Superset Relations . . Inequalities . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AMS Inequalities . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . wasysym Inequalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
txfonts/pxfonts Inequalities . . . . . . . . . . . mathabx
Inequalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MnSymbol Inequalities . .
. . . . . . . . . . . AMS Triangle Relations . . . . . . . . . . .
. stmaryrd Triangle Relations . . . . . . . . . . mathabx Triangle
Relations . . . . . . . . . . MnSymbol Triangle Relations . . . . .
. . . . Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Harpoons
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . textcomp Text-mode Arrows .
. . . . . . . . . AMS Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AMS Negated Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . AMS Harpoons . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . stmaryrd Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . txfonts/pxfonts Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . mathabx
Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mathabx Negated Arrows . .
. . . . . . . . . . mathabx Harpoons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MnSymbol Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MnSymbol Negated
Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . MnSymbol Harpoons . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . MnSymbol Negated Harpoons . . . . . . . . . harpoon
Extensible Harpoons . . . . . . . . . chemarrow Arrows . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . fge Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . MnSymbol Spoons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MnSymbol
Pitchforks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MnSymbol Smiles and Frowns .
. . . . . . . . ulsy Contradiction Symbols . . . . . . . . . .
Extension Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . stmaryrd Extension
Characters . . . . . . . . . txfonts/pxfonts Extension Characters .
. . . . mathabx Extension Characters . . . . . . . . . Log-like
Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AMS Log-like Symbols . . .
. . . . . . . . . . C A2e Number Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hin Greek Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AMS Greek
Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . txfonts/pxfonts Upright Greek
Letters . . . . . upgreek Upright Greek Letters . . . . . . . . .
fourier Variant Greek Letters . . . . . . . . . . txfonts/pxfonts
Variant Latin Letters . . . . . AMS Hebrew Letters . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . MnSymbol Hebrew Letters . . . . . . . . . . .
Letter-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AMS Letter-like
Symbols . . . . . . . . . . .
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36 36 36 37 37 37 37 37 37 38 38 38 38 39 39 40 40 40 41 41 41
41 41 41 42 42 42 42 43 43 44 46 46 47 47 47 47 47 48 48 48 48 48
49 49 49 49 50 50 50 51 51 51 51 51 51 52
3
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141: 142: 143: 144: 145: 146: 147: 148: 149: 150: 151: 152: 153:
154: 155: 156: 157: 158: 159: 160: 161: 162: 163: 164: 165: 166:
167: 168: 169: 170: 171: 172: 173: 174: 175: 176: 177: 178: 179:
180: 181: 182: 183: 184: 185: 186: 187: 188: 189: 190: 191: 192:
193: 194: 195: 196: 197:
txfonts/pxfonts Letter-like Symbols . . . . . mathabx
Letter-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . MnSymbol Letter-like Symbols
. . . . . . . . trfsigns Letter-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . .
mathdesign Letter-like Symbols . . . . . . . fge Letter-like
Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . fourier Letter-like Symbols . . . .
. . . . . . AMS Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . stmaryrd
Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mathabx Delimiters . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . nath Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Variable-sized Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . Large,
Variable-sized Delimiters . . . . . . . AMS Variable-sized
Delimiters . . . . . . . stmaryrd Variable-sized Delimiters . . . .
. . mathabx Variable-sized Delimiters . . . . . . MnSymbol
Variable-sized Delimiters . . . . . mathdesign Variable-sized
Delimiters . . . . nath Variable-sized Delimiters (Double) . . .
nath Variable-sized Delimiters (Triple) . . . fourier
Variable-sized Delimiters . . . . . . . textcomp Text-mode
Delimiters . . . . . . . metre Text-mode Delimiters . . . . . . . .
. Math-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . AMS Math-mode Accents
. . . . . . . . . . MnSymbol Math-mode Accents . . . . . . . fge
Math-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . yhmath Math-mode Accents .
. . . . . . . . Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
overrightarrow Extensible Accents . . . . . . yhmath Extensible
Accents . . . . . . . . . . AMS Extensible Accents . . . . . . . .
. . . MnSymbol Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . mathtools
Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . mathabx Extensible Accents . . .
. . . . . . fourier Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . esvect
Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . undertilde Extensible
Accents . . . . . . . . ushort Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . .
. AMS Extensible Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . mathtools Extensible
Arrows . . . . . . . . . chemarr Extensible Arrows . . . . . . . .
. . chemarrow Extensible Arrows . . . . . . . . extarrows
Extensible Arrows . . . . . . . . . extpfeil Extensible Arrows . .
. . . . . . . . DotArrow Extensible Arrows . . . . . . . . .
trfsigns Extensible Transform Symbols . . . holtpolt
Non-commutative Division Symbols Dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . AMS Dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
wasysym Dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MnSymbol Dots . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . mathdots Dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . yhmath Dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . teubner Dots
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mathcomp Math Symbols . . . . .
. . . . . . marvosym Digits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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52 52 52 52 52 53 53 53 53 53 53 54 54 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57
57 57 57 58 58 58 58 59 59 59 59 60 60 60 60 61 61 61 61 62 62 62
62 63 63 63 63 63 64 64 64 64 64 64 65 65
4
Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table
Table Table Table Table Table Table 4
198: 199: 200: 201: 202: 203: 204: 205: 206: 207: 208: 209: 210:
211: 212: 213:
fge Digits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dozenal
Base-12 Digits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mathabx Mayan Digits .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . A Miscellaneous L TEX 2 Math Symbols .
. . . . . Miscellaneous AMS Math Symbols . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous wasysym Math Symbols . . . . . . Miscellaneous
txfonts/pxfonts Math Symbols . . . Miscellaneous mathabx Math
Symbols . . . . . . Miscellaneous MnSymbol Math Symbols . . . . .
Miscellaneous Internal MnSymbol Math Symbols Miscellaneous textcomp
Text-mode Math Symbols Miscellaneous marvosym Math Symbols . . . .
. . Miscellaneous fge Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous
mathdesign Math Symbols . . . . . Miscellaneous arev Math Symbols .
. . . . . . . . Math Alphabets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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65 65 65 65 66 66 66 66 66 67 67 67 67 67 67 68 70 70 70 70 70
70 70 71 71 71 71 71 72 72 72 73 73 73 73 74 74 74 75 75 75 75 75
75 75 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 77 77 77
Science and technology symbols Table 214: gensymb Symbols Dened
to Work in Both Math and Text Table 215: wasysym Electrical and
Physical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . Table 216: ifsym Pulse Diagram
Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 217: ar Aspect Ratio
Symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 218: textcomp
Text-mode Science and Engineering Symbols . . Table 219: steinmetz
Extensible Phasor Symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 220: wasysym
Astronomical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 221:
marvosym Astronomical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table
222: mathabx Astronomical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 223: wasysym APL Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . Table 224: wasysym APL Modiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . Table 225: marvosym Computer Hardware Symbols . . . . . . . .
. . Table 226: keystroke Computer Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . Table 227: ascii Control Characters (CP437) . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . Table 228: milstd Logic Gates . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . Table 229: marvosym Communication Symbols . . .
. . . . . . . . . . Table 230: marvosym Engineering Symbols . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . Table 231: wasysym Biological Symbols . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 232: marvosym Biological Symbols .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 233: marvosym Safety-related
Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 234: feyn Feynman Diagram
Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dingbats Table 235: Table
236: Table 237: Table 238: Table 239: Table 240: Table 241: Table
242: Table 243: Table 244: Table 245: Table 246: Table 247: Table
248: Table 249: Table 250: Table 251:
Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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bbding Arrows . . . . . . . . pifont Arrows . . . . . . . .
universal Arrows . . . . . . . marvosym Scissors . . . . . . bbding
Scissors . . . . . . . pifont Scissors . . . . . . . . dingbat
Pencils . . . . . . . bbding Pencils and Nibs . . pifont Pencils
and Nibs . . . dingbat Fists . . . . . . . . . bbding Fists . . . .
. . . . . pifont Fists . . . . . . . . . . fourier Fists . . . . .
. . . . bbding Crosses and Plusses . pifont Crosses and Plusses .
bbding Xs and Check Marks pifont Xs and Check Marks
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Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table
Table Table Table Table Table Table Table 6
252: 253: 254: 255: 256: 257: 258: 259: 260: 261: 262: 263: 264:
265: 266: 267: 268:
wasysym Xs and Check Marks . . . . . . . universal Xs . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . pifont Circled Numbers . . . . . . . . . .
. wasysym Stars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bbding Stars,
Flowers, and Similar Shapes pifont Stars, Flowers, and Similar
Shapes . fourier Ornaments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . wasysym
Geometric Shapes . . . . . . . . . MnSymbol Geometric Shapes . . .
. . . . ifsym Geometric Shapes . . . . . . . . . . bbding Geometric
Shapes . . . . . . . . . . pifont Geometric Shapes . . . . . . . .
. . universa Geometric Shapes . . . . . . . . . universal Geometric
Shapes . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous dingbat Dingbats . . . . . .
Miscellaneous bbding Dingbats . . . . . . . Miscellaneous pifont
Dingbats . . . . . . .
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77 77 77 77 78 78 78 78 79 79 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 81 81 81 82
82 85 85 85 86 86 86 87 87 88 88 88 88 88 88 89 89 89 89 90 90 90
90 90 90 91 91 91 91 92 92 92 92 92 93
Ancient languages Table 269: phaistos Symbols from the Phaistos
Disk . . . . . . Table 270: protosem Proto-Semitic Characters . . .
. . . . . . Table 271: hieroglf Hieroglyphics . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . Table 272: linearA Linear A Script . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . Table 273: linearb Linear B Basic and Optional Letters
. . . . Table 274: linearb Linear B Numerals . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . Table 275: linearb Linear B Weights and Measures . . . . . .
. Table 276: linearb Linear B Ideograms . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 277: linearb Unidentied Linear B Symbols . . . . . . . Table
278: cypriot Cypriot Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table
279: sarabian South Arabian Letters . . . . . . . . . . . Table
280: teubner Archaic Greek Letters and Greek Numerals Other symbols
Table 281: textcomp Genealogical Symbols . Table 282: wasysym
General Symbols . . . . Table 283: wasysym Circles . . . . . . . .
. . Table 284: wasysym Musical Symbols . . . . Table 285: arev
Musical Symbols . . . . . . . Table 286: harmony Musical Symbols .
. . . Table 287: harmony Musical Accents . . . . . Table 288:
manfnt Dangerous Bend Symbols Table 289: Miscellaneous manfnt
Symbols . . Table 290: marvosym Navigation Symbols . . Table 291:
marvosym Laundry Symbols . . . Table 292: marvosym Information
Symbols . Table 293: Other marvosym Symbols . . . . . Table 294:
Miscellaneous universa Symbols . Table 295: Miscellaneous universal
Symbols . Table 296: Miscellaneous fourier Symbols . . Table 297:
ifsym Weather Symbols . . . . . . Table 298: ifsym Alpine Symbols .
. . . . . . Table 299: ifsym Clocks . . . . . . . . . . . . Table
300: Other ifsym Symbols . . . . . . . Table 301: clock Clocks . .
. . . . . . . . . . Table 302: epsdice Dice . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 303: hhcount Dice . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 304: hhcount
Tally Markers . . . . . . Table 305: skull Symbols . . . . . . . .
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Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table
Table Table Table Table Table 8
306: 307: 308: 309: 310: 311: 312: 313: 314: 315: 316: 317: 318:
319: 320:
Non-Mathematical mathabx Symbols . . . skak Chess Informator
Symbols . . . . . . skak Chess Pieces and Chessboard Squares igo Go
Stones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . metre Metrical Symbols . . .
. . . . . . . metre Small and Large Metrical Symbols . teubner
Metrical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . dictsym Dictionary Symbols . .
. . . . . . simpsons Characters from The Simpsons . pmboxdraw
Box-Drawing Symbols . . . . . staves Magical Staves . . . . . . . .
. . . . pigpen Cipher Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . C A2e Phases of
the Moon . . . . . . . . hin Other C A2e Symbols . . . . . . . . .
. . hin recycle Recycling Symbols . . . . . . . . .
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93 93 94 94 95 95 95 96 96 97 97 98 98 98 99 100 100 100 100 112
113 114 117 118 121 122 123
Additional Information 8.1 Symbol Name Clashes . . . . . . . .
8.2 Resizing symbols . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 Where can I nd the
symbol for . . . ? 8.4 Math-mode spacing . . . . . . . . . . 8.5
Bold mathematical symbols . . . . . 8.6 ASCII and Latin 1 quick
reference . 8.7 Unicode characters . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 About
this document . . . . . . . . . 8.9 Copyright and license . . . . .
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. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
References Index
7
1
Introduction
A A Welcome to the Comprehensive L TEX Symbol List! This
document strives to be your primary source of L TEX A symbol
information: font samples, L TEX commands, packages, usage details,
caveatseverything needed to put thousands of dierent symbols at
your disposal. All of the fonts covered herein meet the following
criteria:
1. They are freely available from the Comprehensive TEX Archive
Network (http://www.ctan.org).A 2. All of their symbols have L TEX
2 bindings. That is, a user should be able to access a symbol by
name, not just by \char number . A These are not particularly
limiting criteria; the Comprehensive L TEX Symbol List contains
samples of 5913 A symbolsquite a large number. Some of these
symbols are guaranteed to be available in every L TEX 2 system;
others require fonts and packages that may not accompany a given
distribution and that therefore need to be installed. See
http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=instpackages+wherefiles
for help with installing new fonts and packages.
1.1
Document Usage
Each section of this document contains a number of font tables.
Each table shows a set of symbols, with the A corresponding L TEX
command to the right of each symbol. A tables caption indicates
what package needs to be loaded in order to access that tables
symbols. For example, the symbols in Table 39, textcomp Old-Style
Numerals, are made available by putting \usepackage{textcomp} in
your documents preamble. AMS means to use the AMS packages, viz.
amssymb and/or amsmath. Notes below a table provide additional
information about some or all the symbols in that table. One note
that appears a few times in this document, particularly in Section
2, indicates that certain symbols do not exist in the OT1 font
encoding (Donald Knuths original, 7-bit font encoding, which is the
A default font encoding for L TEX) and that you should use fontenc
to select a dierent encoding, such as T1 (a common 8-bit font
encoding). That means that you should put \usepackage[ encoding
]{fontenc} in your documents preamble, where encoding is, e.g., T1
or LY1. To limit the change in font encoding to the current group,
use \fontencoding{ encoding }\selectfont. Section 8 contains some
additional information about the symbols in this document. It
discusses how certain mathematical symbols can vary in height,
shows which symbol names are not unique across packages, gives
examples of how to create new symbols out of existing symbols,
explains how symbols are spaced in A math mode, compares various
schemes for boldfacing symbols, presents L TEX ASCII and Latin 1
tables, shows how to input and output Unicode characters, and
provides some information about this document itself. A The
Comprehensive L TEX Symbol List ends with an index of all the
symbols in the document and various additional useful terms.
1.2
Frequently Requested Symbols
There are a number of symbols that are requested over and over
again on comp.text.tex. If youre looking for such a symbol the
following list will help you nd it quickly. , as in Spaces are
signicant. , ` , , , etc. (versus , ` , i, and ) e ........
........ 9 14 18 18 19 20 27 30 31 38 .. .
.............................. ..............
........................ ...................... 64 67 68 68 68
, as in 180 or 15 L, F, etc.
............................... ..............................
...................... ..............................
.............................. ............................... and
and ......................... .........................
N, Z, R, etc.r
, , and
...............................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
105 107
, ` a e, etc. (i.e., several accents per character) , and |
(instead of , , and ) and (or )
. . . . . . 114
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
8
2
Body-text symbols
This section lists symbols that are intended for use in running
text, such as punctuation marks, accents, ligatures, and currency
symbols.
A Table 1: L TEX 2 Escapable Special Characters
$
\$
%
\%
\_
}
\}
&
\&
#
\#
{
\{
The underscore package redenes _ to produce an underscore in
text mode (i.e., it makes it unnecessary to escape the underscore
character).
A Table 2: Predened L TEX 2 Text-mode Commands
c
\ | { } $ ... >
\textasciicircum \textasciitilde \textasteriskcentered
\textbackslash \textbar \textbraceleft \textbraceright \textbullet
\textcopyright \textdagger \textdaggerdbl \textdollar \textellipsis
\textemdash \textendash \textexclamdown \textgreater
a o
rTM
<
\textless \textordfeminine \textordmasculine \textparagraph
\textperiodcentered \textquestiondown \textquotedblleft
\textquotedblright \textquoteleft \textquoteright \textregistered
\textsection \textsterling \texttrademark \textunderscore
\textvisiblespace
A Where two symbols are present, the left one is the faked
symbol that L TEX 2 provides by default, and the right one is the
true symbol that textcomp makes available.
\^{} and \~{} can be used instead of \textasciicircum and
\textasciitilde. See the discussion of on page 115. Its generally
preferable to use the corresponding symbol from Table 3 because the
symbols in that table work properly in both text mode and math
mode.
A Table 3: L TEX 2 Commands Dened to Work in Both Math and Text
Mode
$
\$ \P \S
c
\_ \copyright \dag
...
\ddag \dots \pounds
{ }
\{ \}
A Where two symbols are present, the left one is the faked
symbol that L TEX 2 provides by default, and the right one is the
true symbol that textcomp makes available.
9
Table 4: AMS Commands Dened to Work in Both Math and Text Mode
\checkmark \circledR \maltese
Table 5: Non-ASCII Letters (Excluding Accented Letters) a A
\aa \AA \AE \ae
\DH \dh \DJ \dj
L l
\L \l \NG \ng
\o \O \OE \oe
SS
\ss \SS \TH \th
Not available in the OT1 font encoding. Use the fontenc package
to select an alternate font encoding, such as T1.
\B{D} \B{d} \B{H} \B{h} \B{t} \B{T} \m{b} \m{B} \m{C}
Table 6: Letters Used to Typeset African Languages \m{c} \m{D}
\M{d} \M{D} \m{d} \m{E} \m{e} \M{E} \M{e}
\m{f} \m{F} \m{G} \m{g} \m{I} \m{i} \m{J} \m{j} \m{K}
\m{k} \m{N} \m{n} \m{o} \m{O} \m{P} \m{p} \m{s} \m{S}
\M{t} \M{T} \m{t} \m{T} \m{u} \m{U} \m{Y} \m{y} \m{z}
\m{Z} \T{E} \T{e} \T{O} \T{o}
These characters all need the T4 font encoding, which is
provided by the fc package.
\m{v} and \m{V} are synonyms for \m{u} and \m{U}.
Table 7: Letters Used to Typeset Vietnamese \OHORN \ohorn \UHORN
\uhorn
These characters all need the T5 font encoding, which is
provided by the vntex package.
Table 8: Punctuation Marks Not Found in OT1 \guillemotleft
\guillemotright \guilsinglleft \guilsinglright \quotedblbase
\quotesinglbase " \textquotedbl
To get these symbols, use the fontenc package to select an
alternate font encoding, such as T1.
Table 9: pifont Decorative Punctuation Marks \ding{123}
\ding{124} d \ding{125} \ding{126} e f 10 \ding{161} \ding{162} g
\ding{163}
Table 10: tipa Phonetic Symbols b c d g 1 8 0 B \textbabygamma
\textbarb \textbarc \textbard \textbardotlessj \textbarg
\textbarglotstop \textbari \textbarl \textbaro \textbarrevglotstop
\textbaru \textbeltl \textbeta \textbullseye \textceltpal \textchi
\textcloseepsilon \textcloseomega \textcloserevepsilon
\textcommatailz \textcorner \textcrb \textcrd \textcrg \textcrh
\textcrinvglotstop \textcrlambda \textcrtwo \textctc \textctd
\textctdctzlig \textctesh \textctj \textctn \textctt \textcttctclig
\textctyogh \textctz \textdctzlig \textdoublebaresh
\textdoublebarpipe \textdoublebarslash \textdoublepipe
\textdoublevertline \textdownstep \textdyoghlig \textdzlig
\textepsilon P ; # H K : M _ O % F | " 7 \ 9 3 Q \textglotstop
\texthalflength \texthardsign \texthooktop \texthtb
\texthtbardotlessj \texthtc \texthtd \texthtg \texthth \texththeng
\texthtk \texthtp \texthtq \texthtrtaild \texthtscg \texthtt
\texthvlig \textinvglotstop \textinvscr \textiota \textlambda
\textlengthmark \textlhookt \textlhtlongi \textlhtlongy
\textlonglegr \textlptr \textltailm \textltailn \textltilde
\textlyoghlig \textObardotlessj \textOlyoghlig \textomega
\textopencorner \textopeno \textpalhook \textphi \textpipe
\textprimstress \textraiseglotstop \textraisevibyi \textramshorns
\textrevapostrophe \textreve \textrevepsilon \textrevglotstop
\textrevyogh $ @ I A g V Y tC T 5 4 W 6 2 L U \textrtailn
\textrtailr \textrtails \textrtailt \textrtailz \textrthook
\textsca \textscb \textsce \textscg \textsch \textschwa \textsci
\textscj \textscl \textscn \textscoelig \textscomega \textscr
\textscripta \textscriptg \textscriptv \textscu \textscy
\textsecstress \textsoftsign \textstretchc \texttctclig
\textteshlig \texttheta \textthorn \texttoneletterstem \texttslig
\textturna \textturncelig \textturnh \textturnk \textturnlonglegr
\textturnm \textturnmrleg \textturnr \textturnrrtail
\textturnscripta \textturnt \textturnv \textturnw \textturny
\textupsilon \textupstep
^ g 2 C J C d S } = / { dz E
(continued on next page)
11
(continued from previous page)
S R G
\textesh \textfishhookr \textg \textgamma \textglobfall
\textglobrise
~
\textrhookrevepsilon \textrhookschwa \textrhoticity \textrptr
\textrtaild \textrtaill
Z
\textvertline \textvibyi \textvibyy \textwynn \textyogh
tipa denes shortcut characters for many of the above. It also
denes a command \tone for denoting tone letters (pitches). See the
tipa documentation for more information.
Table 11: tipx Phonetic Symbols " B . D 2 % & @ ) H G 7 5 (
? T U V , 0 4 \textaolig \textbenttailyogh \textbktailgamma
\textctinvglotstop \textctjvar \textctstretchc \textctstretchcvar
\textctturnt \textdblig \textdoublebarpipevar \textdoublepipevar
\textdownfullarrow \textfemale \textfrbarn \textfrhookd
\textfrhookdvar \textfrhookt \textfrtailgamma \textglotstopvari
\textglotstopvarii \textglotstopvariii \textgrgamma \textheng
\texthmlig 3 ; p ! I # < 1 > 6 9 F = v z * + : /
\texthtbardotlessjvar \textinvomega \textinvsca \textinvscripta
\textlfishhookrlig \textlhookfour \textlhookp \textlhti
\textlooptoprevesh \textnrleg \textObullseye \textpalhooklong
\textpalhookvar \textpipevar \textqplig \textrectangle
\textretractingvar \textrevscl \textrevscr \textrhooka \textrhooke
\textrhookepsilon \textrhookopeno \textrtailhth q r s t w x y $ P Q
R S E u { C A 8 \textrthooklong \textscaolig \textscdelta \textscf
\textsck \textscm \textscp \textscq \textspleftarrow
\textstretchcvar \textsubdoublearrow \textsubrightarrow
\textthornvari \textthornvarii \textthornvariii \textthornvariv
\textturnglotstop \textturnsck \textturnscu \textturnthree
\textturntwo \textuncrfemale \textupfullarrow
12
Table 12: wsuipa Phonetic Symbols
3 9 F ` e C Y c ' 5 Q x @ e
\babygamma \barb \bard \bari \barl \baro \barp \barsci \barscu
\baru \clickb \clickc \clickt \closedniomega \closedrevepsilon
\crossb \crossd \crossh \crossnilambda \curlyc \curlyesh \curlyyogh
\curlyz \dlbari \dz \ejective
V " w h ) 6 7 & 4 D d 8 s S q u 2
\eng \er \esh \eth \flapr \glotstop \hookb \hookd \hookg \hookh
\hookheng \hookrevepsilon \hv \inva \invf \invglotstop \invh
\invlegr \invm \invr \invscr \invscripta \invv \invw \invy
\ipagamma
R G T i I $ 1 A P b g y U d a # f % 0
\labdentalnas \latfric \legm \legr \lz \nialpha \nibeta \nichi
\niepsilon \nigamma \niiota \nilambda \niomega \niphi \nisigma
\nitheta \niupsilon \nj \oo \openo \reve \reveject \revepsilon
\revglotstop \scd \scg
! B X t ( r H W p v f E
\schwa \sci \scn \scr \scripta \scriptg \scriptv \scu \scy
\slashb \slashc \slashd \slashu \taild \tailinvr \taill \tailn
\tailr \tails \tailt \tailz \tesh \thorn \tildel \yogh
Table 13: wasysym Phonetic Symbols D \DH \Thorn \dh \inve \openo
\thorn
Table 14: phonetic Phonetic Symbolsj w n x 4 s d p
\barj \barlambda \emgma \engma \enya \epsi \esh \eth \fj
f c f h k u h
\flap \glottal \hausaB \hausab \hausad \hausaD \hausak \hausaK
\hookd
i
h m r
\ibar \openo \planck \pwedge \revD \riota \rotm \rotOmega
\rotr
e w y e p
uu q
\rotvara \rotw \roty \schwa \thorn \ubar \udesc \vara \varg
i g
v h x
\vari \varomega \varopeno \vod \voicedh \yogh
13
Table 15: t4phonet Phonetic Symbols \textcrd \textcrh
\textepsilon \textesh \textfjlig \texthtb \texthtc
\texthtd \texthtk \texthtp \texthtt \textiota \textltailn
\textopeno
|
\textpipe \textrtaild \textrtailt \textschwa \textscriptv
\textteshlig \textyogh
The idea behind the t4phonet packages phonetic symbols is to
provide an interface to some of the characters in the T4 font
encoding (Table 6 on page 10) but using the same names as the tipa
characters presented in Table 10 on page 11.
Table 16: semtrans Transliteration Symbols \Alif \Ayn
Table 17: Text-mode Accents a A a A a A a A a A \"{A}\"{a}
\{A}\{a} \.{A}\.{a} \={A}\={a} \^{A}\^{a} Aa
`a A`
A a
a A Aa A a
\{A}\{a} \|{A}\|{a} \~{A}\~{a} \b{A}\b{a} \c{A}\c{a} Aa
A .a . a A
A a
\d{A}\d{a} \G{A}\G{a} \h{A}\h{a} \H{A}\H{a} \k{A}\k{a}
A a Aa a A a A
A a
\r{A}\r{a} \t{A}\t{a} \u{A}\u{a} \U{A}\U{a} \v{A}\v{a}
\newtie{A}\newtie{a}
\textcircled{A}\textcircled{a}
Requires the textcomp package. Not available in the OT1 font
encoding. Use the fontenc package to select an alternate font
encoding, such as T1. Requires the T4 font encoding, provided by
the fc package. Requires the T5 font encoding, provided by the
vntex package.
Also note the existence of \i and \j, which produce dotless
versions of i and j (viz., and ). These are useful when the accent
is supposed to replace the dot in encodings that need to composite
(i.e., combine) letters and accents. For example, na\"{\i}ve always
produces a correct na ve, while na\"{i}ve yields the rather
odd-looking na ive when using the OT1 font encoding and older A A
versions of L TEX. Font encodings other than OT1 and newer versions
of L TEX properly typeset na\"{i}ve as na ve.
14
Table 18: tipa Text-mode Accents A a A a A a A a > Aa A a
\textsubw{A}\textsubw{a} \textsubwedge{A}\textsubwedge{a}
\textsuperimposetilde{A}\textsuperimposetilde{a}
\textsyllabic{A}\textsyllabic{a} \texttildedot{A}\texttildedot{a}
\texttoptiebar{A}\texttoptiebar{a}
\textvbaraccent{A}\textvbaraccent{a}
tipa denes shortcut sequences for many of the above. See the
tipa documentation for more information.
Table 19: extraipa Text-mode Accents A a A a .. . . a A A a A a
A a A a A a Aa A a \bibridge{A}\bibridge{a} \crtilde{A}\crtilde{a}
\dottedtilde{A}\dottedtilde{a} \doubletilde{A}\doubletilde{a}
\finpartvoice{A}\finpartvoice{a}
\finpartvoiceless{A}\finpartvoiceless{a}
\inipartvoice{A}\inipartvoice{a}
\inipartvoiceless{A}\inipartvoiceless{a}
\overbridge{A}\overbridge{a} \partvoice{A}\partvoice{a} A a A a A a
Aa ^^ Aa Aa "" "" Aa Aa A a \partvoiceless{A}\partvoiceless{a}
\sliding{A}\sliding{a} \spreadlips{A}\spreadlips{a}
\subcorner{A}\subcorner{a} \subdoublebar{A}\subdoublebar{a}
\subdoublevert{A}\subdoublevert{a} \sublptr{A}\sublptr{a}
\subrptr{A}\subrptr{a} \whistle{A}\whistle{a}
Table 20: wsuipa Text-mode Accents A ga g A a
\dental{A}\dental{a} \underarch{A}\underarch{a}
Table 21: phonetic Text-mode Accents Aa{ {
\hill{A}\hill{a} \od{A}\od{a} \ohill{A}\ohill{a}
A a Aa A a .. ..
\rc{A}\rc{a} \syl{A}\syl{a} \td{A}\td{a}
Aa { { A a
Aa
\ut{A}\ut{a}
The phonetic package provides a few additional macros for
linguistic accents. \acbar and \acarc compose characters with
multiple accents; for example, \acbar{\}{a} produces a and
\acarc{\"}{e} produces e. \labvel joins two characters with an arc:
\labvel{mn} mn. \upbar is intended to go between characters as in
x\upbar{}y x y. Lastly, \uplett behaves like \textsuperscript but
uses a smaller font. Contrast p\uplett{h} ph with
p\textsuperscript{h} ph . 16
Table 22: metre Text-mode Accents a A a A a A Aa `a A ` a A
\acutus{A}\acutus{a} \breve{A}\breve{a}
\circumflexus{A}\circumflexus{a} \diaeresis{A}\diaeresis{a}
\gravis{A}\gravis{a} \macron{A}\macron{a}
A a A a A a
Table 23: t4phonet Text-mode Accents
\textdoublegrave{A}\textdoublegrave{a}
\textvbaraccent{A}\textvbaraccent{a}
\textdoublevbaraccent{A}\textdoublevbaraccent{a}
The idea behind the t4phonet packages text-mode accents is to
provide an interface to some of the accents in the T4 font encoding
(accents marked with in Table 17 on page 14) but using the same
names as the tipa accents presented in Table 18 on page 15.
Table 24: arcs Text-mode Accents Aa \overarc{A}\overarc{a} Aa
\underarc{A}\underarc{a}
The accents shown above scale only to a few characters wide. An
optional macro argument alters the eective width of the accented
characters. See the arcs documentation for more information.
Table 25: semtrans Accents Aa \D{A}\D{a} aA Aa A ,a , Aa
\U{A}\U{a}
\T{A}\T{a}
\T is not actually an accent but a command that rotates its
argument 180 using the graphicx packages \rotatebox command.
Table 26: ogonek Accents \k{A}\k{a}
Table 27: combelow Accents \cb{A}\cb{a}
\cb places a comma above letters with descenders. Hence, while
\cb{s} produces . s , , \cb{g} produces g 17
Table 28: wsuipa Diacritics
s k u m p
\ain \corner \downp \downt \halflength
v n q { z
\leftp \leftt \length \midtilde \open
x ~ w o i
\overring \polishhook \rightp \rightt \secstress
h j r y |
\stress \syllabic \underdots \underring \undertilde
} t l
\underwedge \upp \upt
The wsuipa package denes all of the above as ordinary
characters, not as accents. However, it does provide \diatop and
\diaunder commands, which are used to compose diacritics with other
characters. For example, \diatop[\overring|a] produces x a , and
\diaunder[\underdots|a] produces r a. See the wsuipa documentation
for more information.
Table 29: textcomp Diacritics \textacutedbl \textasciiacute
\textasciibreve \textasciicaron \textasciidieresis \textasciigrave
\textasciimacron \textgravedbl
The textcomp package denes all of the above as ordinary
characters, not as accents.
Table 30: textcomp Currency Symbols \textbaht \textcent
\textcentoldstyle \textcolonmonetary \textcurrency
$
\textdollar \textdollaroldstyle \textdong \texteuro
\textflorin
\textguarani \textlira \textnaira \textpeso \textsterling
\textwon \textyen
Its generally preferable to use the corresponding symbol from
Table 3 on page 9 because the symbols in that table work properly
in both text mode and math mode.
Table 31: marvosym Currency Symbols \Denarius \Ecommerce e d
\EUR \EURcr D c \EURdig \EURhv e \EURtm \EyesDollar \Pfund
\Shilling
The dierent euro signs are meant to be visually compatible with
dierent fonts Courier (\EURcr), Helvetica (\EURhv), Times Roman
(\EURtm), and the marvosym digits listed in Table 197 (\EURdig).
The mathdesign package redenes \texteuro to be visually compatible
with one of three additional fonts: Utopia (), Charter (), or
Garamond ().
Table 32: wasysym Currency Symbols \cent 18 \currency
Table 33: C A2e Currency Symbols hin
\Euro
\Pound
Table 34: teubner Currency Symbols \denarius \dracma
\hemiobelion \stater \tetartemorion
Table 35: eurosym Euro Signs A C \geneuro B C \geneuronarrow C C
\geneurowide e \officialeuro
\euro is automatically mapped to one of the aboveby default,
\officialeuro based on a eurosym package option. See the eurosym
documentation for more information. The \geneuro. . . characters
are generated from the current body fonts C character and therefore
may not appear exactly as shown.
Table 36: fourier Euro Signs \eurologo
\texteuro
Table 37: textcomp Legal Symbols \textcircledP \textcopyleft c r
\textcopyright \textregisteredTM
\textservicemark \texttrademark
A Where two symbols are present, the left one is the faked
symbol that L TEX 2 provides by default, and the right one is the
true symbol that textcomp makes available. See
http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=tradesyms for
solutions to common problems that occur when using these symbols
(e.g., getting a r when you expected to get a ).
Table 38: cclicenses Creative Commons License Icons\CC
\cc
BY:
\ccby
$
=
\ccnd
These symbols utilize the rotating package and therefore display
improperly in some DVI viewers.
19
C
\ccnc
\ccsa
Table 39: textcomp Old-style Numerals \textzerooldstyle
\textoneoldstyle \texttwooldstyle \textthreeoldstyle
\textfouroldstyle \textfiveoldstyle \textsixoldstyle
\textsevenoldstyle \texteightoldstyle \textnineoldstyle
Rather than use the bulky \textoneoldstyle, \texttwooldstyle,
etc. commands shown above, consider using \oldstylenums{. . .} to
typeset an old-style number.
Table 40: Miscellaneous textcomp Symbols \textasteriskcentered
\textbardbl \textbigcircle \textblank \textbrokenbar \textbullet
\textdagger \textdaggerdbl \textdblhyphen \textdblhyphenchar
\textdiscount \textestimated \textinterrobang \textinterrobangdown
\textmusicalnote \textnumero \textopenbulleta o
'
\textordfeminine \textordmasculine \textparagraph
\textperiodcentered \textpertenthousand \textperthousand
\textpilcrow \textquotesingle \textquotestraightbase
\textquotestraightdblbase \textrecipe \textreferencemark
\textsection \textthreequartersemdash \texttildelow
\texttwelveudash
A Where two symbols are present, the left one is the faked
symbol that L TEX 2 provides by default, and the right one is the
true symbol that textcomp makes available.
Its generally preferable to use the corresponding symbol from
Table 3 on page 9 because the symbols in that table work properly
in both text mode and math mode.
Table 41: Miscellaneous wasysym Text-mode Symbols \permil
20
3
Mathematical symbols
Most, but not all, of the symbols in this section are math-mode
only. That is, they yield a Missing $ inserted error message if not
used within $. . .$, \[. . .\], or another math-mode environment.
Operators marked as variable-sized are taller in displayed
formulas, shorter in in-text formulas, and possibly shorter still
when used in various levels of superscripts or subscripts.
Alphanumeric symbols (e.g., L and ) are usually produced using one
of the math alphabets in Table 213 rather than with an explicit
symbol command. Look there rst if you need a symbol for a
transform, number set, or some other alphanumeric. Although there
have been many requests on comp.text.tex for a contradiction
symbol, the ensuing discussion invariably reveals innumerable ways
to represent contradiction in a proof, including (\blitza),
(\Rightarrow\Leftarrow), (\bot), (\nleftrightarrow), and
(\textreferencemark). Because of the lack of notational consensus,
it is probably better to spell out Contradiction! than to use a
symbol for this purpose. Similarly, discussions on comp.text.tex
have revealed that there are a variety of ways to indicate the
mathematical notion of is dened as. Common candidates include
(\triangleq), def (\equiv), (various 1 ), and =
(\stackrel{\text{\tiny def}}{=}). See also the example of
\equalsfill on page 108. Depending upon the context, disjoint union
may be represented as (\coprod), (\dotcup), (\oplus), or any of a
number of other symbols.2 Finally, the average (\sqcup), value of a
variable x is written by some people as x (\overline{x}), by some
people as x (\langle x \rangle), and by some people as x or x
(\diameter x or \varnothing x). The moral of the story is that you
should be careful always to explain your notation to avoid
confusing your readers.
Table 42: Math-Mode Versions of Text Symbols $ ... \mathdollar
\mathellipsis \mathparagraph \mathsection \mathsterling
\mathunderscore
Its generally preferable to use the corresponding symbol from
Table 3 on page 9 because the symbols in that table work properly
in both text mode and math mode.
Table 43: cmll Unary Operators !
\oc \shift
\shneg \shpos
?
\wn
\oc and \wn dier from ! and ? in terms of their math-mode
spacing: $A=!B$ produces A =!B , for example, while $A=\oc B$
produces A = !B .
1 In txfonts, pxfonts, and mathtools the symbol is called
\coloneqq. In mathabx and MnSymbol its called \coloneq. In
colonequals its called \colonequals. 2 Bob Tennent listed these and
other disjoint-union symbol possibilities in a November 2007 post
to comp.text.tex.
21
Table 44: Binary Operators \amalg \ast \bigcirc \bigtriangledown
\bigtriangleup \bullet \cap \cdot \circ \cup \dagger \ddagger
\diamond \div \lhd \mp \odot \ominus \ \oplus \oslash \otimes \pm
\rhd \setminus \sqcap \sqcup \star \times \triangleleft
\triangleright \unlhd \unrhd \uplus \vee \wedge \wr
A Not predened in L TEX 2 . Use one of the packages latexsym,
amsfonts, amssymb, txfonts, pxfonts, or wasysym.
Table 45: AMS Binary Operators \barwedge \boxdot \boxminus
\boxplus \boxtimes \Cap \centerdot \circledast
\circledcirc \circleddash \Cup \curlyvee \curlywedge
\divideontimes \dotplus \doublebarwedge
\intercal \leftthreetimes \ltimes \rightthreetimes \rtimes
\smallsetminus \veebar
Some people use a superscripted \intercal for matrix transpose:
A^\intercal A . (See the May 2009 comp.text.tex thread, raising
math symbols, for suggestions about altering the height of the
superscript.) \top (Table 139 on page 51), T, and \mathsf{T} are
other popular choices: A , AT , AT .
Table 46: stmaryrd Binary Operators \baro \bbslash \binampersand
\bindnasrepma \boxast \boxbar \boxbox \boxbslash \boxcircle \boxdot
\boxempty \boxslash \curlyveedownarrow \curlyveeuparrow
\curlywedgedownarrow \curlywedgeuparrow \fatbslash \fatsemi
\fatslash \interleave \leftslice \merge \minuso \moo \nplus \obar
\oblong \obslash \ogreaterthan \olessthan \ovee \owedge \rightslice
\sslash \talloblong \varbigcirc \varcurlyvee \varcurlywedge 22
\varoast \varobar \varobslash \varocircle \varodot \varogreaterthan
\varolessthan \varominus \varoplus \varoslash \varotimes \varovee
\varowedge \vartimes \Ydown \Yleft \Yright \Yup
Table 47: wasysym Binary Operators \lhd \LHD \ocircle \rhd \RHD
\unlhd \unrhd
Table 48: txfonts/pxfonts Binary Operators \circledbar
\circledbslash \circledvee \circledwedge \invamp \medbullet
\medcirc \sqcapplus \sqcupplus
Table 49: mathabx Binary Operators
y
\ast \Asterisk \barwedge \bigstar \bigvarstar \blackdiamond \cap
\circplus \coasterisk \coAsterisk \convolution \cup \curlyvee
x
\curlywedge \divdot \divideontimes \dotdiv \dotplus \dottimes
\doublebarwedge \doublecap \doublecup \ltimes \pluscirc \rtimes
\sqbullet
\sqcap \sqcup \sqdoublecap \sqdoublecup \square \squplus \udot
\uplus \varstar \vee \veebar \veedoublebar \wedge
Many of the above glyphs go by multiple names. \centerdot is
equivalent to \sqbullet, and \ast is equivalent to *. \asterisk
produces the same glyph as \ast, but as an ordinary symbol, not a
binary operator. Similarly, \bigast produces a large-operator
version of the \Asterisk binary operator, and \bigcoast produces a
large-operator version of the \coAsterisk binary operator.
Table 50: MnSymbol Binary Operators \amalg \ast \backslashdiv
\bowtie \bullet \cap \capdot \capplus \cdot \circ \doublesqcup
\doublevee \doublewedge \downtherefore \downY \dtimes \fivedots
\hbipropto \hdotdot \lefthalfcap \righttherefore \rightthreetimes
\rightY \rtimes \slashdiv \smallprod \sqcap \sqcapdot \sqcapplus
\sqcup
(continued on next page)
23
(continued from previous page)
\closedcurlyvee \closedcurlywedge \cup \cupdot \cupplus
\curlyvee \curlyveedot \curlywedge \curlywedgedot \ddotdot
\diamonddots \div \dotmedvert \dotminus \doublecap \doublecup
\doublecurlyvee \doublecurlywedge \doublesqcap
+
\lefthalfcup \lefttherefore \leftthreetimes \leftY \ltimes
\medbackslash \medcircle \medslash \medvert \medvertdot \minus
\minusdot \mp \neswbipropto \nwsebipropto \plus \pm \righthalfcap
\righthalfcup
\sqcupdot \sqcupplus \squaredots \times \udotdot \uptherefore
\upY \utimes \vbipropto \vdotdot \vee \veedot \vertbowtie \vertdiv
\wedge \wedgedot \wreath
MnSymbol denes \setminus and \smallsetminus as synonyms
\medbackslash; \Join as a synonym for \bowtie; \wr as a synonym
\wreath; \shortmid as a synonym for \medvert; \Cap as a synonym
\doublecap; \Cup as a synonym for \doublecup; and, \uplus as a
synonym \cupplus.
for for for for
Table 51: mathdesign Binary Operators \dtimes \udtimes
\utimes
The mathdesign package additionally provides versions of each of
the binary operators shown in Table 45 on page 22.
Table 52: cmll Binary Operators `
\parr
&
\with
\with diers from & in terms of its math-mode spacing: $A
\& B$ produces A&B , for example, while $A \with B$
produces A & B .
Table 53: shue Binary Operators
\cshuffle
\shuffle
Table 54: ulsy Geometric Binary Operators
\odplus 24
f n k e g d h
Table 55: mathabx Geometric Binary Operators \blacktriangledown
\blacktriangleleft \blacktriangleright \blacktriangleup
\boxasterisk \boxbackslash \boxbot \boxcirc \boxcoasterisk \boxdiv
\boxdot \boxleft \boxminus \boxplus
i m j o lf n k e g d h
\boxright \boxslash \boxtimes \boxtop \boxtriangleup \boxvoid
\oasterisk \obackslash \obot \ocirc \ocoasterisk \odiv \odot
\oleft
i m j o l
\ominus \oplus \oright \oslash \otimes \otop \otriangleup \ovoid
\smalltriangledown \smalltriangleleft \smalltriangleright
\smalltriangleup
Table 56: MnSymbol Geometric Binary Operators \boxbackslash
\boxbox \boxdot \boxminus \boxplus \boxslash \boxtimes \boxvert
\diamondbackslash \diamonddiamond \diamonddot \diamondminus
\diamondplus \diamondslash \diamondtimes \diamondvert \downslice
\filleddiamond \filledmedsquare \filledmedtriangledown
\filledmedtriangleleft \filledmedtriangleright \filledmedtriangleup
\filledsquare \filledstar \filledtriangledown \filledtriangleleft
\filledtriangleright \filledtriangleup \meddiamond \medsquare
\medstar \medtriangledown \medtriangleleft \medtriangleright
\medtriangleup \oast \obackslash \ocirc \odot \ominus \oplus
\oslash \ostar \otimes \otriangle \overt \pentagram \smalldiamond
\smallsquare \smallstar \smalltriangledown \smalltriangleleft
\smalltriangleright \smalltriangleup \thinstar \upslice
MnSymbol denes \blacksquare as a synonym for \filledmedsquare;
\square and \Box as synonyms for \medsquare; \diamond as a synonym
for \smalldiamond; \Diamond as a synonym for \meddiamond; \star as
a synonym for \thinstar; \circledast as a synonym for \oast;
\circledcirc as a synonym for \ocirc; and, \circleddash as a
synonym for \ominus.
Table 57: Variable-sized Math Operators \bigcap \bigcup \bigodot
\bigoplus \bigotimes \bigsqcup \biguplus \bigvee 25 \bigwedge
\coprod \int \oint \prod \sum
Table 58: AMS Variable-sized Math Operators \iint \iiiint \iiint
\idotsint
Table 59: stmaryrd Variable-sized Math Operators \bigbox
\bigcurlyvee \bigcurlywedge \biginterleave \bignplus \bigparallel
\bigsqcap \bigtriangledown \bigtriangleup
Table 60: wasysym Variable-sized Math Operators \int \varint
\iint \varoint \iiint \oiint
None of the preceding symbols are dened when wasysym is passed
the nointegrals option.
Not dened when wasysym is passed the integrals option. Dened
only when wasysym is passed the integrals option. Otherwise, the
default A L TEX \int glyph (as shown in Table 57) is used.
Table 61: mathabx Variable-sized Math Operators
\bigcurlyvee \bigsqcap \bigcurlywedge \bigboxasterisk
\bigboxslash \bigboxtimes \bigboxtop \bigboxtriangleup
\bigoright \bigoslash \bigotop \bigotriangleup
(continued on next page)
26
(continued from previous page)
\bigboxbackslash \bigboxbot \bigboxcirc \bigboxcoasterisk
\bigboxdiv \bigboxdot \bigboxleft \bigboxminus \bigboxplus
\bigboxright
\bigboxvoid \bigcomplementop \bigoasterisk \bigobackslash
\bigobot \bigocirc \bigocoasterisk \bigodiv \bigoleft
\bigominus
\bigovoid \bigplus \bigsquplus \bigtimes \iiint \iint \int
\oiint \oint
Table 62: txfonts/pxfonts Variable-sized Math Operators
\bigsqcapplus \bigsqcupplus \fint \idotsint \iiiint \iiint
\ointclockwise \ointctrclockwise \sqiiint \sqiint \sqint
\varoiiintclockwise
(continued on next page)
27
(continued from previous page)
\iint \oiiintclockwise \oiiintctrclockwise \oiiint
\oiintclockwise \oiintctrclockwise \oiint
\varoiiintctrclockwise \varoiintclockwise \varoiintctrclockwise
\varointclockwise \varointctrclockwise \varprod
Table 63: esint Variable-sized Math Operators % # \iiiint \iiint
\iint & \landdownint $ \landupint \oiint \dotsint \fint !
\sqiint \sqint " \varoiint \varointclockwise \varointctrclockwise
\ointclockwise \ointctrclockwise
28
Table 64: MnSymbol Variable-sized Math Operators
\bigcap \bigcapdot \bigcapplus
\bigominus \bigoplus \bigoslash \bigostar \bigotimes
\bigotriangle
\complement \coprod \idotsint
\bigcircle \bigcup \bigcupdot \bigcupplus \bigcurlyvee
\bigcurlyveedot \bigcurlywedge \bigcurlywedgedot \bigdoublecurlyvee
\bigdoublecurlywedge
\iiiint \iiint \iint \int
\bigovert \bigplus
\landdownint \landupint \lcircleleftint \lcirclerightint \oiint
\oint \prod
\bigsqcap \bigsqcapdot \bigsqcapplus
\bigsqcup \bigsqcupdot \bigsqcupplus
\bigdoublevee \bigdoublewedge \bigoast \bigobackslash \bigocirc
\bigodot
\bigtimes \bigvee \bigveedot \bigwedge \bigwedgedot
\rcircleleftint \rcirclerightint \strokedint \sum
\sumint
MnSymbol denes \biguplus as a synonym for \bigcupplus.
29
Table 65: mathdesign Variable-sized Math Operators \intclockwise
\ointclockwise
\oiiint
\ointctrclockwise
\oiint
The mathdesign package provides three versions of each
integralin fact, of every symbolto accompany dierent text fonts:
Utopia ( ), Garamond ( ), and Charter ( ).
Table 66: cmll Large Math Operators \bigparr \bigwith
Table 67: Binary Relations \approx \asymp \bowtie \cong \dashv
\doteq \equiv \frown \Join \mid \models \parallel \perp \prec
\preceq \propto \sim \simeq \smile \succ \succeq \vdash
| |=
A Not predened in L TEX 2 . Use one of the packages latexsym,
amsfonts, amssymb, mathabx, txfonts, pxfonts, or wasysym.
The dierence between \mid and | is that the former is a binary
relation while A the latter is a math ordinal. Consequently, L TEX
typesets the two with dierent surrounding spacing. Contrast P(A |
B) P (A|B ) with P(A \mid B) P (A | B ).
Table 68: AMS Binary Relations \approxeq \backepsilon \backsim
\backsimeq \because \between \Bumpeq \bumpeq \circeq \curlyeqprec
\curlyeqsucc \doteqdot \eqcirc \fallingdotseq \multimap \pitchfork
\precapprox \preccurlyeq \precsim \risingdotseq \shortmid
\shortparallel \smallfrown \smallsmile 30 \succapprox \succcurlyeq
\succsim \therefore \thickapprox \thicksim \varpropto \Vdash \vDash
\Vvdash
Table 69: AMS Negated Binary Relations \ncong \nmid \nparallel
\nprec \npreceq \nshortmid \nshortparallel \nsim \nsucc \nsucceq
\nvDash \nvdash \nVDash \precnapprox \precnsim \succnapprox
\succnsim
Table 70: stmaryrd Binary Relations \inplus \niplus
Table 71: wasysym Binary Relations \invneg \Join \leadsto \logof
\wasypropto
Table 72: txfonts/pxfonts Binary Relations \circledgtr
\circledless \colonapprox \Colonapprox \coloneq \Coloneq \Coloneqq
\coloneqq \Colonsim \colonsim \Eqcolon \eqcolon \eqqcolon \Eqqcolon
\eqsim
\lJoin \lrtimes \multimap \multimapboth \multimapbothvert
\multimapdot \multimapdotboth \multimapdotbothA
\multimapdotbothAvert \multimapdotbothB \multimapdotbothBvert
\multimapdotbothvert \multimapdotinv \multimapinv \openJoin
\opentimes \Perp \preceqq \precneqq \rJoin \strictfi \strictif
\strictiff \succeqq \succneqq \varparallel \varparallelinv
\VvDash
As an alternative to using txfonts/pxfonts, a := symbol can be
constructed with \mathrel{\mathop:}=.
Table 73: txfonts/pxfonts Negated Binary Relations \napproxeq
\nasymp \nbacksim \nbacksimeq \nbumpeq \nBumpeq \nequiv
\nprecapprox \npreccurlyeq \npreceqq \nprecsim \nsimeq \nsuccapprox
\nsucccurlyeq \nsucceqq \nsuccsim 31 \nthickapprox
\ntwoheadleftarrow \ntwoheadrightarrow \nvarparallel
\nvarparallelinv \nVdash
2 % # & ! ) AA
Table 74: mathabx Binary Relations \between \botdoteq \Bumpedeq
\bumpedeq \circeq \coloneq \corresponds \curlyeqprec \curlyeqsucc
\DashV \Dashv \dashVv#
$ ' "
E
\divides \dotseq \eqbumped \eqcirc \eqcolon \fallingdotseq
\ggcurly \llcurly \precapprox \preccurlyeq \precdot \precsim
T @ D
@ D
\risingdotseq \succapprox \succcurlyeq \succdot \succsim
\therefore \topdoteq \vDash \Vdash \VDash \Vvdash
Table 75: mathabx Negated Binary Relations' )
C G 9
C G$ 0 1 %
\napprox \ncong \ncurlyeqprec \ncurlyeqsucc \nDashv \ndashV
\ndashv \nDashV \ndashVv \neq \notasymp \notdivides \notequiv
w
& (
\notperp \nprec \nprecapprox \npreccurlyeq \npreceq \nprecsim
\nsim \nsimeq \nsucc \nsuccapprox \nsucccurlyeq \nsucceq
\nsuccsim
B
BF 8
F
\nvDash \nVDash \nVdash \nvdash \nVvash \precnapprox \precneq
\precnsim \succnapprox \succneq \succnsim
The \changenotsign command toggles the behavior of \not to
produce either a vertical or a diagonal slash through a binary
operator. Thus, $a \not= b$ can be made to produce either a = b or
a = b.
Table 76: MnSymbol Binary Relations \approx \approxeq
\backapprox \backapproxeq \backcong \backeqsim \backsim \backsimeq
\backtriplesim \between = \eqbump \eqcirc \eqdot \eqsim \equal
\equalclosed \equiv \equivclosed \fallingdotseq \hateq \nwfootline
\nwfree \nwmodels \nwModels \nwsecrossing \nwseline \Nwseline
\nwvdash \nwVdash \prec \seVdash \shortparallel \sim \simeq \succ
\succapprox \succcurlyeq \succeq \succsim \swfootline
(continued on next page)
32
(continued from previous page)
=
\bumpeq \Bumpeq \circeq \closedequal \closedprec \closedsucc
\coloneq \cong \curlyeqprec \curlyeqsucc \doteq \Doteq
\downfootline \downfree \downmodels \downModels \downpropto
\downvdash \downVdash
\hcrossing \leftfootline \leftfree \leftmodels \leftModels
\leftpropto \leftrightline \Leftrightline \leftslice \leftvdash
\leftVdash \nefootline \nefree \nemodels \neModels \neswline
\Neswline \nevdash \neVdash
\precapprox \preccurlyeq \preceq \precsim \rightfootline
\rightfree \rightmodels \rightModels \rightpropto \rightslice
\rightvdash \rightVdash \risingdotseq \sefootline \sefree \semodels
\seModels \separated \sevdash
\swfree \swmodels \swModels \swvdash \swVdash \triplesim
\updownline \Updownline \upfootline \upfree \upmodels \upModels
\uppropto \upvdash \upVdash \vcrossing \Vvdash
MnSymbol additionally denes synonyms for some of the preceding
symbols: \dashv \diagdown \diagup \divides \doteqdot \models
\parallel \perp \propto \relbar \Relbar \varpropto \vDash \VDash
\vdash \Vdash (same (same (same (same (same (same (same (same (same
(same (same (same (same (same (same (same as as as as as as as as
as as as as as as as as \leftvdash) \nwseline) \neswline)
\updownline) \Doteq) \rightmodels) \Updownline) \upvdash)
\leftpropto) \leftrightline) \Leftrightline) \leftpropto)
\rightmodels) \rightModels) \rightvdash) \rightVdash)
Table 77: MnSymbol Negated Binary Relations \napprox \napproxeq
\nbackapprox \nbackapproxeq \nbackcong \nbackeqsim \nbacksim
\neqsim \nequal \nequalclosed \nequiv \nequivclosed \neswcrossing
\nfallingdotseq \nnwModels \nnwseline \nNwseline \nnwvdash
\nnwVdash \nprec \nprecapprox \nsucc \nsuccapprox \nsucccurlyeq
\nsucceq \nsuccsim \nswfootline \nswfree
(continued on next page)
33
(continued from previous page)
\nbacksimeq \nbacktriplesim \nbumpeq \nBumpeq \ncirceq
\nclosedequal \ncong \ncurlyeqprec \ncurlyeqsucc \ndoteq \nDoteq
\ndownfootline \ndownfree \ndownmodels \ndownModels \ndownvdash
\ndownVdash \neqbump \neqcirc \neqdot
\nhateq \nleftfootline \nleftfree \nleftmodels \nleftModels
\nleftrightline \nLeftrightline \nleftvdash \nleftVdash
\nnefootline \nnefree \nnemodels \nneModels \nneswline \nNeswline
\nnevdash \nneVdash \nnwfootline \nnwfree \nnwmodels
\npreccurlyeq \npreceq \nprecsim \nrightfootline \nrightfree
\nrightmodels \nrightModels \nrightvdash \nrightVdash
\nrisingdotseq \nsefootline \nsefree \nsemodels \nseModels
\nsevdash \nseVdash \nshortmid \nshortparallel \nsim \nsimeq
\nswmodels \nswModels \nswvdash \nswVdash \ntriplesim
\nupdownline \nUpdownline \nupfootline \nupfree \nupmodels
\nupModels \nupvdash \nupVdash \precnapprox \precnsim \succnapprox
\succnsim
MnSymbol additionally denes synonyms for some of the preceding
symbols: \ndashv \ndiagdown \ndiagup \ndivides \ne \neq \nmid
\nmodels \nparallel \nperp \nrelbar \nRelbar \nvDash \nvdash
\nVdash \nVDash (same (same (same (same (same (same (same (same
(same (same (same (same (same (same (same (same as as as as as as
as as as as as as as as as as \nleftvdash) \nnwseline) \nneswline)
\nupdownline) \nequal) \nequal) \nupdownline) \nrightmodels)
\nUpdownline) \nupvdash) \nleftrightline) \nLeftrightline)
\nrightmodels) \nrightvdash) \nrightVdash) \nrightModels)
Table 78: mathtools Binary Relations :: : := ::= :: \Colonapprox
\colonapprox \coloneqq \Coloneqq \Coloneq : : :: :: : \coloneq
\colonsim \Colonsim \dblcolon \eqcolon :: =: =:: \Eqcolon \eqqcolon
\Eqqcolon
Similar symbols can be dened using mathtoolss \vcentcolon, which
produces a colon centered on the fonts math axis:
=:= =:=
vs.
=: ==\vcentcolon= 34
Table 79: turnstile Binary Relationsdef abc def abc def abc def
abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc
def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def
abc def abc
\dddtstile{abc}{def} \ddststile{abc}{def} \ddtstile{abc}{def}
\ddttstile{abc}{def} \dndtstile{abc}{def} \dnststile{abc}{def}
\dntstile{abc}{def} \dnttstile{abc}{def} \dsdtstile{abc}{def}
\dsststile{abc}{def} \dststile{abc}{def} \dsttstile{abc}{def}
\dtdtstile{abc}{def} \dtststile{abc}{def} \dttstile{abc}{def}
\dtttstile{abc}{def} \nddtstile{abc}{def} \ndststile{abc}{def}
\ndtstile{abc}{def} \ndttstile{abc}{def} \nndtstile{abc}{def}
\nnststile{abc}{def}
def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc
def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def
abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc
def
\nntstile{abc}{def} \nnttstile{abc}{def} \nsdtstile{abc}{def}
\nsststile{abc}{def} \nststile{abc}{def} \nsttstile{abc}{def}
\ntdtstile{abc}{def} \ntststile{abc}{def} \nttstile{abc}{def}
\ntttstile{abc}{def} \sddtstile{abc}{def} \sdststile{abc}{def}
\sdtstile{abc}{def} \sdttstile{abc}{def} \sndtstile{abc}{def}
\snststile{abc}{def} \sntstile{abc}{def} \snttstile{abc}{def}
\ssdtstile{abc}{def} \ssststile{abc}{def} \sststile{abc}{def}
\ssttstile{abc}{def}
abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def
abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc
def abc def abc def abc
\stdtstile{abc}{def} \stststile{abc}{def} \sttstile{abc}{def}
\stttstile{abc}{def} \tddtstile{abc}{def} \tdststile{abc}{def}
\tdtstile{abc}{def} \tdttstile{abc}{def} \tndtstile{abc}{def}
\tnststile{abc}{def} \tntstile{abc}{def} \tnttstile{abc}{def}
\tsdtstile{abc}{def} \tsststile{abc}{def} \tststile{abc}{def}
\tsttstile{abc}{def} \ttdtstile{abc}{def} \ttststile{abc}{def}
\tttstile{abc}{def} \ttttstile{abc}{def}
Each of the above takes an optional argument that controls the
size of the upper and lower expressions. See the turnstile
documentation for more information.
35
Table 80: trsym Binary Relations \InversTransformHoriz
\InversTransformVert \TransformHoriz \TransformVert
Table 81: trfsigns Binary Relations. . . .
. . . .
\dfourier \fourier \laplace \ztransf
. . . .
. . . .
\Dfourier \Fourier \Laplace \Ztransf
Table 82: cmll Binary Relations \coh \incoh \scoh \sincoh
Table 83: colonequals Binary Relations : :: : :: :: ::=
\approxcolon \approxcoloncolon \colonapprox \coloncolon
\coloncolonapprox \coloncolonequals :: :: := : : =:
\coloncolonminus \coloncolonsim \colonequals \colonminus \colonsim
\equalscolon =:: : :: : : :: \equalscoloncolon \minuscolon
\minuscoloncolon \ratio \simcolon \simcoloncolon
Table 84: fourier Binary Relations \nparallelslant
\parallelslant
Table 85: Subset and Superset Relations \sqsubset \sqsubseteq
\sqsupset
\sqsupseteq \subset \subseteq
\supset \supseteq
A Not predened in L TEX 2 . Use one of the packages latexsym,
amsfonts, amssymb, mathabx, txfonts, pxfonts, or wasysym.
Table 86: AMS Subset and Superset Relations \nsubseteq
\nsupseteq \nsupseteqq \sqsubset \sqsupset \Subset \subseteqq
\subsetneq \subsetneqq \Supset \supseteqq \supsetneq 36 \supsetneqq
\varsubsetneq \varsubsetneqq \varsupsetneq \varsupsetneqq
Table 87: stmaryrd Subset and Superset Relations \subsetplus
\subsetpluseq \supsetplus \supsetpluseq
Table 88: wasysym Subset and Superset Relations \sqsubset
\sqsupset
Table 89: txfonts/pxfonts Subset and Superset Relations
\nsqsubset \nsqsubseteq \nsqsupset \nsqsupseteq \nSubset
\nsubseteqq \nSupset
Table 90: mathabx Subset and Superset Relations \nsqsubset
\nsqSubset \nsqsubseteq \nsqsubseteqq \nsqsupset \nsqSupset
\nsqsupseteq \nsqsupseteqq \nsubset \nSubset \nsubseteq
\nsubseteqq
\nsupset \nSupset \nsupseteq \nsupseteqq \sqsubset \sqSubset
\sqsubseteq \sqsubseteqq \sqsubsetneq \sqsubsetneqq \sqSupset
\sqsupset
\sqsupseteq \sqsupseteqq \sqsupsetneq \sqsupsetneqq \subset
\Subset \subseteq \subseteqq \subsetneq \subsetneqq \supset
\Supset
\supseteq \supseteqq \supsetneq \supsetneqq \varsqsubsetneq
\varsqsubsetneqq \varsqsupsetneq \varsqsupsetneqq \varsubsetneq
\varsubsetneqq \varsupsetneq \varsupsetneqq
Table 91: MnSymbol Subset and Superset Relations \nSqsubset
\nsqsubset \nsqsubseteq \nsqsubseteqq \nSqsupset \nsqsupset
\nsqsupseteq \nsqsupseteqq \nSubset \nsubset \nsubseteq \nsubseteqq
\nSupset \nsupset \nsupseteq \nsupseteqq \Sqsubset \sqsubset
\sqsubseteq \sqsubseteqq \sqsubsetneq \sqsubsetneqq \Sqsupset
\sqsupset \sqsupseteq \sqsupseteqq \sqsupsetneq \sqsupsetneqq
\Subset \subset \subseteq \subseteqq \subsetneq \subsetneqq \Supset
\supset \supseteq \supseteqq \supsetneq \supsetneqq
MnSymbol additionally denes \varsubsetneq as a synonym for
\subsetneq, \varsubsetneqq as a synonym for \subsetneqq,
\varsupsetneq as a synonym for \supsetneq, and \varsupsetneqq as a
synonym for \supsetneqq.
Table 92: Inequalities \geq \gg \leq 37 \ll \neq
Table 93: AMS Inequalities \eqslantgtr \eqslantless \geqq
\geqslant \ggg \gnapprox \gneq \gneqq \gnsim \gtrapprox \gtrdot
\gtreqless \gtreqqless \gtrless \gtrsim \gvertneqq \leqq \leqslant
\lessapprox \lessdot \lesseqgtr \lesseqqgtr \lessgtr \lesssim \lll
\lnapprox \lneq \lneqq \lnsim \lvertneqq \ngeq \ngeqq \ngeqslant
\ngtr \nleq \nleqq \nleqslant \nless
Table 94: wasysym Inequalities \apprge \apprle
Table 95: txfonts/pxfonts Inequalities \ngg \ngtrapprox
\ngtrless \ngtrsim \nlessapprox \nlessgtr \nlesssim \nll
Table 96: mathabx Inequalities 4
\eqslantgtr \eqslantless \geq \geqq \gg \ggg \gnapprox \gneq
\gneqq \gnsim \gtrapprox \gtrdot
\gtreqless \gtreqqless \gtrless \gtrsim \gvertneqq \leq \leqq
\lessapprox \lessdot \lesseqgtr \lesseqqgtr \lessgtr
3
\lesssim \ll \lll \lnapprox \lneq \lneqq \lnsim \lvertneqq
\neqslantgtr \neqslantless \ngeq \ngeqq
\ngtr \ngtrapprox \ngtrsim \nleq \nleqq \nless \nlessapprox
\nlesssim \nvargeq \nvarleq \vargeq \varleq
mathabx denes \leqslant and \le as synonyms for \leq, \geqslant
and \ge as synonyms for \geq, \nleqslant as a synonym for \nleq,
and \ngeqslant as a synonym for \ngeq. 38
Table 97: MnSymbol Inequalities > \eqslantgtr \eqslantless
\geq \geqclosed \geqdot \geqq \geqslant \geqslantdot \gg \ggg
\gnapprox \gneqq \gnsim \gtr \gtrapprox \gtrclosed \gtrdot
\gtreqless \gtreqlessslant < \gtreqqless \gtrless \gtrneqqless
\gtrsim \leq \leqclosed \leqdot \leqq \leqslant \leqslantdot \less
\lessapprox \lessclosed \lessdot \lesseqgtr \lesseqgtrslant
\lesseqqgtr \lessgtr \lessneqqgtr \lesssim \ll \lll \lnapprox
\lneqq \lnsim \neqslantgtr \neqslantless \ngeq \ngeqclosed \ngeqdot
\ngeqq \ngeqslant \ngeqslantdot \ngg \nggg \ngtr \ngtrclosed
\ngtrdot \ngtreqless \ngtreqlessslant \ngtreqqless \ngtrless \nleq
\nleqclosed \nleqdot \nleqq \nleqslant \nleqslantdot \nless
\nlessclosed \nlessdot \nlesseqgtr \nlesseqgtrslant \nlesseqqgtr
\nlessgtr \nll \nlll
MnSymbol additionally denes synonyms for some of the preceding
symbols: \gggtr \gvertneqq \lhd \llless \lvertneqq \ntrianglelefteq
\ntriangleleft \ntrianglerighteq \ntriangleright \rhd
\trianglelefteq \trianglerighteq \unlhd \unrhd \vartriangleleft
\vartriangleright (same (same (same (same (same (same (same (same
(same (same (same (same (same (same (same (same as as as as as as
as as as as as as as as as as \ggg) \gneqq) \lessclosed) \lll)
\