Late Paleozoic Carboniferous to Permian 354-251mya Overview • Mississippian and Pennsylvanian combine to make up Carboniferous Period • Name comes from extensive coal deposits formed from remains of plants that grew during this time • Glaciations during Carboniferous— extinction • 2 major extinctions in Permian—
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Late Paleozoic Carboniferous to Permian 354-251mya Overview Mississippian and Pennsylvanian combine to make up Carboniferous Period Name comes from extensive.
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Late PaleozoicCarboniferous to Permian
354-251myaOverview
• Mississippian and Pennsylvanian combine to make up Carboniferous Period
• Name comes from extensive coal deposits formed from remains of plants that grew during this time
• Glaciations during Carboniferous—extinction
• 2 major extinctions in Permian—second one was greatest mass extinction of all time!
Late Paleozoic marine life• After the end Devonian extinction, some
organisms never fully recovered (tabulate corals, stromatoporoids, placoderms)
• Some diversified:– Ammonoids– Sharks– Brachiopods– Crinoids– Fusulinids (great diversity in Permian)– Bryozoans
Late Paleozoic marine life
Mississipian rocksLimestone deposition• Period named for large proportions of limestone
that were deposited in the • Well exposed in the upper Mississippi valley• Road cut on I-172 near Quincy, IL
– First appeared Late Devonian – Aquatic or semi-aquatic – Eggs and young in water – Broad spectrum of shapes, sizes, and modes of life. – Were up to 20 feet in length (but most living
amphibians are small).
http://www.bio.miami.edu/dana/160/160S07_18.html
Life on Land• Vertebrates--Reptiles • First appeared in the Pennsylvanian • First found in Nova Scotia inside hollow
• Key feature in the origin of reptiles is the development of the amniotic egg– Durable outer shell protects embryo from drying – Egg can be laid on land – Yolky part of egg provides nutrition; sac contains
embryo and another sac collects waste products. – Eliminated need to lay eggs in water, allowing
vertebrates to live and reproduce on dry land for the first time.
– Amniotic egg probably evolved in Carboniferous – First fossil eggs are early Permian
Paleogeography
Middle Mississippian Paleogeography of North Americahttp://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~rcb7/nam.html
• Warm,shallow seas led to limestone and evaporite deposition—fig. 15-17
Paleogeography
Early Pennsylvanian
• Gondwanaland collided w/ Euramerica—formed Pangea (not fully formed until Permian)
• This collision resulted in the Alleghenian orogeny—the 3rd stage of Appalachian mtn. building
• Global cooling due to great carbon sinks of the coal swamps
• Ice age—extinction—drop in sea-level
Paleogeography• Dry habitats expanded due to the configuration
of the continents—most land was far away from moisture-providing oceans