Draft Late Ordovician (Hirnantian) diploporitan fauna of Anticosti Island, Quebec, Canada: implications for evolutionary and biogeographic patterns Journal: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences Manuscript ID cjes-2017-0160.R1 Manuscript Type: Article Date Submitted by the Author: 12-Oct-2017 Complete List of Authors: Sheffield, Sarah; The University of South Florida, School of Geosciences; The University of Tennessee, Earth and Planetary Sciences Ausich, William; Department of Geological Sciences Sumrall, Colin; University of Tennessee, Earth and Planetary Sciences Is the invited manuscript for consideration in a Special Issue? : N/A Keyword: Hirnantian, Diploporitan, Echinoderm, Anticosti Island, Ordovician https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/cjes-pubs Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
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Late Ordovician (Hirnantian) diploporitan fauna of ... · 46 The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE) resulted in a significant 47 increase in lower-level diversity across
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Draft
Late Ordovician (Hirnantian) diploporitan fauna of Anticosti
Island, Quebec, Canada: implications for evolutionary and biogeographic patterns
Journal: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
Manuscript ID cjes-2017-0160.R1
Manuscript Type: Article
Date Submitted by the Author: 12-Oct-2017
Complete List of Authors: Sheffield, Sarah; The University of South Florida, School of Geosciences;
The University of Tennessee, Earth and Planetary Sciences Ausich, William; Department of Geological Sciences Sumrall, Colin; University of Tennessee, Earth and Planetary Sciences
Is the invited manuscript for consideration in a Special
Issue? : N/A
Keyword: Hirnantian, Diploporitan, Echinoderm, Anticosti Island, Ordovician
https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/cjes-pubs
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
Draft
1
Late Ordovician (Hirnantian) diploporitan fauna of Anticosti 1
Island, Quebec, Canada: implications for evolutionary and 2
biogeographic patterns 3
4
Sarah L. Sheffield1,2, William I. Ausich3, and Colin D. Sumrall2 5
6
1School of Geosciences, The University of South Florida, NES 207, 4202 E. Fowler Ave, 7
Tampa, FL 33620 USA <[email protected]> 2Department of Earth and Planetary 8
Sciences, University of Tennessee, 602 Strong Hall, 1621 Cumberland Ave, Knoxville, 9
TN, USA 37996 3School of Earth Sciences, 155 South Oval Mall, The Ohio State 10
Petryk, A.A. 1981. Stratigraphy, sedimentology, and paleogeography of the Upper 443
Ordovician-Lower Silurian of Anticosti Island, Québec. In Subcommission on Silurian 444
stratigraphy, Ordovician-Silurian Boundary Working Group. Edited by P.J. Lespérance. 445
Field meeting Anticosti-Gaspé, Québec, Université de Montréal, 2, pp. 10-39. 446
Richardson, J. 1857. Report of the year 1956. Canadian Survey of Canada Report of 447
Progress for the years 1853-54-55-56, 191-245. 448
Schuchert, C., and Twenhofel, W.H. 1910. Ordovicic-Siluric section of the Mignan and 449
Anticosti islands, Gulf of St. Lawrence. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 21, 450
677-716. 451
Smith, A. B. 1988. Fossil evidence for the relationships of extant echinoderm classes and 452
their times of divergence. In Echinoderm Phylogeny and Evolutionary Biology. Edited by 453
Paul, C.R.C. and Smith, A.B. Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp. 85–106. 454
Sprinkle, J. 1973. Blastozoan echinoderms. Harvard University Museum of Comparative 455
Zoology Special Publication, 283. 456
Sepkoski, J.J. Jr. 1996. Patterns of Phanerozoic extinction: a perspective from global 457
databases. In Global events and event stratigraphy in the Phamerozoic. Edited by O.H. 458
Walliser. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 31-51 459
Sheffield, S.L., and Sumrall, C.D. 2015. A new interpretation of the oralplating patterns 460
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of the Holocystites fauna. In Progress in Echinoderm Palaeobiology. Edited by S. Zamora 461
and I. Rábano. Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Cuademos del Museo 462
Geominero, 19, pp. 159–162. 463
Sheffield, S.L., and Sumrall, C.D. 2017. Generic revision of the Holocystitidae of North 464
America (Diploporita, Echinodermata) based on universal elemental homology. Journal 465
of Paleontology, 91, 755-766. 466
Sumrall, C.D., and Wray, G.A. 2007. Ontogeny in the fossil record: diversification of 467
body plans and the evolution of “aberrant” symmetry in Paleozoic echinoderms. 468
Paleobiology, 33, 149-163. 469
Twenhofel, W.H. 1928. Geology of Anticosti Island. Geological Survey of Canada 470
Memoirs, 154, 481.. 471
Vennin, E., Alvaro, J.J., and Villas, E. 1998. High-latitude pelmatozoan-bryozoan 472
mud-mounds from the late Ordovician northern Gondwanan platform. Geological 473
Journal, 33, 121-140. 474
Webby, G.D., Paris, F., Droser, M.L., and Percival, I.G. 2004. The Great Ordovician 475
Biodiversification Event. Columbia University Press, New York, NY, 484 p. 476
Wright, D.F., and Stigall, A.L. 2013. Geologic drivers of Late Ordovician faunal change 477
in Laurentia: investigating links between tectonics, speciation, and biotic invasions. PLoS 478
One, 8, e68353. 479
Zhang, S., and Barnes, C.R. 2002. A new Llandovery (Early Silurian) conodont 480
biozonation and conodonts from the Becscie, Merrimack, and Gun River formations, 481
Anticosti Island, Québec. Paleontological Society Memoir, 76, 1-46. 482
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Figures 483
Figure 1. General map of study area. A. Anticosti Island’s position within the larger 484
Canadian region (modified from James et al. 2015). B. Map of the eastern portion of 485
Anticosti Island, with ranges of Ellis Bay Formation marked in gray. Areas from which 486
the diploporitan fossils were collected are marked with white circles. 487
Figure 2. Plating patterns of holocystitids. A. Typical border plating patterns for all 488
holocystitid taxa; seven oral plates surround the peristome (M); O1, O6, and O7 489
contained within the CD interray. O7 is in contact with the periproct (P). Facetal plates 490
distal to oral plates; five of these facetal plates bear facet scars for ambulacra. 491
Modifications to this general pattern delineate the different taxa within the Holocystites 492
Fauna. B. Genus Holocystites is diagnosed by the rotation of ambulacra so that the facetal 493
scars straddle the sutures of more than one oral plate. Modified from Sheffield and 494
Sumrall, 2017. 495
Figure 3. Diagrammatic representation of diploporitan respiratory structures. A. 496
Humatipores are a modified form of a diplopore respiratory structure; the two pores are 497
connected by multiple, calcified canals and are not situated within a peripore. 498
Humatipores are buried beneath the surface of the thecal plate and are only visible when 499
a thecal plate has been weathered. B. Simple diplopores, formed in pairs, are situated in a 500
shallow depression (the peripore) that sits on a thecal plate. The canal connecting the two 501
pores is not calcified and is, therefore, not preserved. Light gray=peripore; dark grey= 502
pore openings; medium gray= calcified canals. 503
Figure 4. Generalized stratigraphic section of the Ordovician-Silurian boundary reef 504
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section in eastern Anticosti Island. Thickness of the reef interval is variable, and the exact 505
position of the Ordovician-Silurian boundary is a point of discussion, as noted. The 506
lowest bed of the Laframboise Member contains abundant oncolites. Stratigraphic and 507
corresponding chronostratigraphic units are given. 508
Figure 5. Diploporitans from Anticosti Island. A. Oral area of Holocystites salmoensis; 509
oval peristome surrounded by six oral plates; O7 is precluded from the oral plate circlet 510
by O5 and O6; five facets resting on oral plates; facetal plates surrounding oral plate 511
series, with three extra plates, of neither facetal nor oral plate origin, contained within 512
this system. View of tumid thecal plates and humatipore respiratory structures also 513
visible; side view of specimen largely prevented due to matrix (GSC 126899). B. Close 514
up view of humatipores of H. salmoensis. Note the scroll pattern of the tangential canals. 515
As humatipores are buried below the surface of the thecal plate, completely exposed 516
humatipore respiratory structures are not often exposed (GSC 126899). C. Line drawing 517
of Holocystites salmoensis. White= facetal plates; light gray= oral plates; dark gray= 518
non-oral or facetal plates; M= peristome; P= periproct; black circle= gonopore (GSC 519
126899). D. Oral view of H. salmoensis with periproct preserved; periproct, round, in 520
contact with O7; side view of specimen largely prevented due to matrix (GSC 126897). 521
E. Side view of H. salmoensis, showing tumid and irregular thecal plates; plates are not 522
weathered, so there is an absence of visible humatipores. Theca narrows considerably 523
distally. Oral area not preserved (GSC 126906). F. Side view of unidentified holocystitid 524
with flat thecal plates. Specimen considerably smaller than other examples collected. 525
Oral area not preserved (GSC 126901). Scale bar=1cm. Specimens whitened with NH4Cl. 526
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Canada Anticosti Island
St. Pierre and Miquelton
Hudson Bay
Anticosti Island
Canada
60˙
50˙
N
60˙
80˙
Pt. Carlton
R. Vauréal
R. aux Saumons
Cap de la Table
Baie Goelands
Pte. Est
Pte. HeathR. M
artin
R. Dauphiné
R. Box
Pte. Sud R. Bell N
50˙00’N 63˙00’W 62˙00’W
40˙00’N10 km
Ellis Bay Formation Outcrop Belt
A
B
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Figure 5. Diploporitans from Anticosti Island. A. Oral area of Holocystites salmoensis; oval peristome surrounded by six oral plates; O7 is precluded from the oral plate circlet by O5 and O6; five facets resting
on oral plates; facetal plates surrounding oral plate series, with three extra plates, of neither facetal nor oral plate origin, contained within this system. View of tumid thecal plates and humatipore respiratory structures
also visible; side view of specimen largely prevented due to matrix (GSC 126899). B. Close up view of humatipores of H. salmoensis. Note the scroll pattern of the tangential canals. As humatipores are buried below the surface of the thecal plate, completely exposed humatipore respiratory structures are not often exposed (GSC 126899). C. Line drawing of Holocystites salmoensis. White= facetal plates; light gray= oral
plates; dark gray= non-oral or facetal plates; M= peristome; P= periproct; black circle= gonopore (GSC 126899). D. Oral view of H. salmoensis with periproct preserved; periproct, round, in contact with O7; side view of specimen largely prevented due to matrix (GSC 126897). E. Side view of H. salmoensis, showing tumid and irregular thecal plates; plates are not weathered, so there is an absence of visible humatipores. Theca narrows considerably distally. Oral area not preserved (GSC 126906). F. Side view of unidentified
holocystitid with flat thecal plates. Specimen considerably smaller than other examples collected. Oral area not preserved (GSC 126901). Scale bar=1cm. Specimens whitened with NH4Cl.