Late Middle Ages Vocab
Jan 12, 2015
Late Middle Ages Vocab
• Shires – kingdoms divided into different districts
• Common Law – collection of laws/rulings passed by King’sBench (court) – creates a precedence – started during Henry II
• William the Conqueror – Defeats Anglo-Saxon Army @ Battle of Hastings in 1066 – Becomes King of England
• Henry II – had people pay to get out of Feudal obligations – uses $ to pay for army. Common Law. Marries Eleanor of Aquitaine = ½ France
• Eleanor of Aquitaine – Brought French land to Henry II marriage – Create court life and helps build a strong nation (King John + Richard the Lion Hearted)
• King John – taxes nobles to pay for war with France. Forced to sign Magna Carta. Put under interdict by Pope.
• Magna Carta – No Taxation w/out Consent. No sell, refuse, delay justice – King John
• Innocent III – put King John/England under interdiction – becomes “Pope’s Vassal”
• Pope Urban II – made speech saying all who fought and died in Crusades would go to heaven – starts Crusades
• Crusades – Christians journey from Europe to reconquer Holy Lands from Muslims
• Children’s Crusade – unsuccessful attempt at children going on Crusade – many die or sold into slavery
• Saladin – Leader of Mulsim Army and Holy Lands
• “Holy Land” – Jerusalem and surrounding lands
• Self-Sufficiency – manor/people making whatever they need
• Barter economy – trading goods and services for goods and services
• Commercial Revolution – increase in trade and business
• Credit – giving a promise of paying later• Usury- charging interest on loans (church does
not allow)
• Guilds- had to pay a fee to be in the craftsman guild. Then could trade and receive protection, get help from families
• Apprentice-someone who lives w/ and learns from a master craftsman. Must create a masterpiece to become an artisan
• Bubonic Plague – Black Death – kills 25+ million people. Comes to Europe from Asia. Rats carrying fleas. 1300s
• Dante Alighieri – write Divine Comedy talks about the after life
• Geoffrey Chaucer – writes Canterbury Tales – makes fun of society
• Scholastics – bringing together ideas of faith + reason
• Thomas Aquinas – monk summarized Medieval Christian thought in Summa Theologica
• Gothic Architecture- named after Barbarian Goths. Pointed arches, tall spires, flying buttresses – reaching toward heaven (Cathedrals)
• Hundred Years’ War – War between Fr. + Br. Over Eleanor of Aquitaine Land. France wants Eng. out! France wins!
• Joan of Arc – Peasant girl. Rallies Fr. Troops to win 100yr. War. Saw vision from god. Burned at stake for being a heretic. Made a saint 500yr. later
• War of the Roses – York vs. Lancaster fighting for the Br. throne. Lancasters win, but Henry Tudor marries a York and combines both red/white roses.
• Henry Tudor-marries a York. Combines York and Lancaster rose. Sets up strong monarchy to avoid further war. Henry VII
• Moors – Muslims living in Spain. Create Cordoba. Kicked out during Reconquista.
• Ferdinand and Isabella – marry creating one large Sp. Empire – Daughter is Catherine of Aragon/Henry VIII’s wife – Inquisition
• Spanish Reconquista – recapturing Spain from Muslims and Jews (leave,convert,die)
• Spanish Inquisition – searching out of heretics, people put on trial, witch hunts, burnings
• Hugh Capet – weak king chosen by nobles to control, used to increase territory and power of France
• Charles V – HRE. Strengthens monarchy and gains land for Spain.
Son was Philip II who marries Mary I (Henry VIII/Catherine’s daughter)
• Mongols- conquer Asia, Russia, China. Control Russian princes by collecting tribute. Destroy countryside and Kiev
• Ivan III – Great – 1st ruler to rule Russia free from Mongol rule
• Ivan IV – Terrible – kills those in opposition to him
• Ottoman Turks- capture the Byzantine Empire and rename Constantinople, Istanbul 1453. Muslim.