LASE measurements of water vapor and aerosol profiles and cloud distributions during GRIP Susan Kooi 1 , Syed Ismail 2 , Richard Ferrare 2 , Johnathan Hair 2 , Anthony Notari 2 , Marta Fenn 1 , Carolyn Butler 1 , Amin Nehrir 3 , James Collins 1 , Dave Harper 2 , Tamer Refaat 4 , and Jeff Halverson 5 1 SSAI, Hampton, VA 23666, USA, [email protected] , 2 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton VA 23681, USA, [email protected] , 3 Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA 4 Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA, 5 Univeristy of Maryland Baltimore Campus, Baltimore, Maryland, USA LASE (Lidar Atmospheric Sensing Experiment) system and the data products • Composite image of RH derived from LASE and dropsondes, TPW from AIRS on Aqua, and Aqua MODIS clouds in the visible channel showing Hurricane Earl. • Dry air in the NW, West, and SW regions • Very moist air in and near the eye, and the SE • Generally moist region in the East • Qualitative agreement between LASE and AIRS moisture measurements AIRS and MODIS visualizations produced via Giovanni online data system, developed and maintained by the NASA GES DISC Dry air Dry air Eye Progression of Eye Outflow Flight 10 / Hurricane Earl Day #2 / August 30, 2010 Eye wall evolution during rapid intensification •LASE measures water vapor and aerosols almost to the surface in the well defined eye of Earl •LASE aerosol measurements show the width and depth of the eye •LASE measurements show the evolution of the eye during 6 passes over a 4 hour time period • Aerosols indicate a broader eye at the top with clouds above on the 2 nd pass and a nearly constant width with clear skies above on the 6 th pass when Earl had intensified. • Water vapor was nearly the same on both passes below 5 km but drier above on the last pass CALIPSO Aerosol Scattering Ratio @532 nm CALIPSO/CLOUDSAT LEG LASE Aerosol Scattering Ratio @817 nm Flight 23 / PGI-46/ September 21, 2010 CALIPSO & CLOUDSAT underpass LASE Aerosol Scattering Ratio @817 nm DUST CALIPSO/CLOUDSAT LEG Flight 5 / Palmdale to Ft. Lauderdale/ August 13, 2010 Gulf storm outflow •LASE observed an increase in water vapor and low level aerosols over the Gulf of Mexico. •Long-range measurements of water vapor, aerosol, and cloud distributions over mid- latitude and tropical air masses and TD#5 • LASE observed cirrus outflow associated with Tropical Disturbance # 5 Water Vapor Mixing Ratio Water Vapor Mixing Ratio Eye • LASE measured water vapor, aerosol, and cloud distributions during flights over Hurricane Earl • LASE and dropsonde measurements of water vapor just outside eye wall show good agreement Flight Segment across Earl between 18 – 19 UT cirrus clouds (outflow) water clouds (eye wall) Summary • LASE operated flawlessly during the GRIP mission collecting data from 20 (science and transit) flights—real-time images of water vapor mixing ratio, aerosol scattering ratio, and cloud distributions were made available on the DC-8. • Post-processed LASE water vapor mixing ratio, aerosol scattering ratio and water cloud distribution data (images and digital data) have been archived at the GRIP site. • Advanced LASE data products including RH, total precipitable water (TPW), aerosol extinction and scattering coefficient profiles, and aerosol optical depth will be derived on a case by case basis and on request. • LASE data will be used in addressing GRIP science objectives (viz. to study intensification processes) by providing information on large scale environment, dry air intrusions, SAL, convection, and cloud distributions. • Initiated analysis to study: evolution of the eye of Hurricane Earl; dry air intrusions on Earl; comparisons with satellite data from AIRS, MODIS, and CALIPSO. • LASE measurements were used to compare with water vapor profiles from new dropsondes from the DC-8. • LASE aerosol measurements can be used to compare with in situ observations and model predictions. 1 2 3 4 5 6 NOTE: Yellow symbols indicate approximate location of Hurricane Earl’s eye as identified by LASE aerosol measurements. LASE and DC-8 dropsonde comparisons LASE zenith measurements • Some LASE and dropsonde comparisons were within a few percent all the way to the surface (see above) • Large relative difference seen above 5 km altitude in the ensemble statistics graph is a subject of future investigation • LASE system modifications improved the performance and reliability of zenith water vapor measurements Log Scale Linear Scale • System Features: - DIAL system operating in the 817nm band of H 2 O - Uses a Ti:sapphire laser (100 mJ at 5 Hz double pulsed) - 3 line pairs are used to capture the full dynamic range of water vapor in the troposphere • Data Products: • Water vapor mixing ratio profiles -surface to upper troposphere -0.01 to 25 g/kg -accuracy: 6% or 0.01 g/kg -resolution (variable) vertical: 330 m nadir, 990 m zenith horizontal: 42 to 70 km (3 - 5 min) • Aerosol/cloud profiles -daytime and nighttime -0.03 to 25 km -resolution (nominal) vertical: 30 m horizontal: 2.1 km • Advanced data products:* RH derived from LASE mixing ratio and dropsonde/radiosondes, Total Precipitable Water (TPW),aerosol extinction and scattering coefficient profiles, and aerosol optical depth. *Retrieved on a case by case basis on request Flight 12 / Hurricane Earl # 3/ September 1, 2010 LASE measurements of moisture in and around the storm Flight 13 / Hurricane Earl # 4/ September 2, 2010 Relative Aerosol And Cloud Scattering Acknowledgements: The authors wish to thank Dr. Ramesh Kakar, NASA HQ for funding and Paul McClung for integration support. Quality controlled dropsonde data provided by NCAR/EOL under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation http://data.eol.ucar.edu/. 8/12/2010 Tropical Disturbance # 5 LASE Aerosol Scattering Ratios 8/13/2010 FLIGHT 5 AVERAGE WATER VAPOR PROFILES LASE AEROSOL SCATTERING RATIOS 8/30/2010 FLIGHT 10 ENSEMBEL STATISTICS: NO CLOUDS EYE # 2 EYE # 6 EYE # 2 EYE # 6 Outflow
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LASE measurements of water vapor and aerosol profiles and cloud distributions during GRIP
Susan Kooi1, Syed Ismail2, Richard Ferrare2, Johnathan Hair2, Anthony Notari2, Marta Fenn1, Carolyn Butler1, Amin Nehrir3, James Collins1,
Dave Harper2, Tamer Refaat4, and Jeff Halverson5
1SSAI, Hampton, VA 23666, USA, [email protected], 2NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton VA 23681, USA, [email protected], 3 Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA4Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA, 5Univeristy of Maryland Baltimore Campus, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
LASE (Lidar Atmospheric Sensing Experiment) system and the data products
• Composite image of RH derived from LASE and dropsondes, TPW from AIRS on Aqua, and Aqua MODIS clouds in the visible channel showing Hurricane Earl.
• Dry air in the NW, West, and SW regions• Very moist air in and near the eye, and the SE• Generally moist region in the East • Qualitative agreement between LASE and AIRS moisture
measurements
AIRS and MODIS visualizations produced via Giovanni online data system, developed and maintained by the NASA GES DISC
Dry air
Dry air
Eye
Progression of Eye
Outflow
Flight 10 / Hurricane Earl Day #2 / August 30, 2010Eye wall evolution during rapid intensification
•LASE measures water vapor and aerosols almost to the surface in the well defined eye of Earl
•LASE aerosol measurements show the width and depth of the eye •LASE measurements show the evolution of the eye during 6 passes over a 4
hour time period • Aerosols indicate a broader eye at the top with clouds above on the 2nd pass
and a nearly constant width with clear skies above on the 6th pass when Earl had intensified.
• Water vapor was nearly the same on both passes below 5 km but drier above on the last pass
CALIPSO Aerosol Scattering Ratio @532 nm
CALIPSO/CLOUDSAT LEG
LASE Aerosol Scattering Ratio @817 nm
Flight 23 / PGI-46/ September 21, 2010CALIPSO & CLOUDSAT underpass
LASE Aerosol Scattering Ratio @817 nm
DUST
CALIPSO/CLOUDSAT LEG
Flight 5 / Palmdale to Ft. Lauderdale/ August 13, 2010Gulf storm outflow
•LASE observed an increase in water vapor and low level aerosols over the Gulf of Mexico.
•Long-range measurements of water vapor, aerosol, and cloud distributions over mid-latitude and tropical air masses and TD#5
• LASE observed cirrus outflow associated with Tropical Disturbance # 5
Water Vapor Mixing Ratio
Water Vapor Mixing Ratio
Eye
• LASE measured water vapor, aerosol, and cloud distributions during flights over Hurricane Earl• LASE and dropsonde measurements of water vapor just outside eye wall show good agreement
Flight Segment across Earl between 18 – 19 UT
cirrus clouds
(outflow)
water clouds
(eye wall)
Summary
• LASE operated flawlessly during the GRIP mission collecting data from 20 (science and transit) flights—real-time images of water vapor mixing ratio, aerosol scattering ratio, and cloud distributions were made available on the DC-8.
• Post-processed LASE water vapor mixing ratio, aerosol scattering ratio and water cloud distribution data (images and digital data) have been archived at the GRIP site.
• Advanced LASE data products including RH, total precipitable water (TPW), aerosol extinction and scattering coefficient profiles, and aerosol optical depth will be derived on a case by case basis and on request.
• LASE data will be used in addressing GRIP science objectives (viz. to study intensification processes) by providing information on large scale environment, dry air intrusions, SAL, convection, and cloud distributions.
• Initiated analysis to study: evolution of the eye of Hurricane Earl; dry air intrusions on Earl; comparisons with satellite data from AIRS, MODIS, and CALIPSO.
• LASE measurements were used to compare with water vapor profiles from new dropsondes from the DC-8.
• LASE aerosol measurements can be used to compare with in situ observations and model predictions.
12
3456
NOTE: Yellow symbols indicate approximate location of Hurricane Earl’s eye as identified by LASE aerosol measurements.
LASE and DC-8 dropsonde comparisons LASE zenith measurements
• Some LASE and dropsonde comparisons were within a few percent all the way to the surface (see above)
• Large relative difference seen above 5 km altitude in the ensemble statistics graph is a subject of future investigation
• LASE system modifications improved the performance and reliability of zenith water vapor measurements
Log Scale Linear Scale
• System Features:- DIAL system operating in the 817nm band of H2O- Uses a Ti:sapphire laser (100 mJ at 5 Hz double pulsed)- 3 line pairs are used to capture the full dynamic range of water vapor inthe troposphere
• Data Products:• Water vapor mixing ratio profiles
-surface to upper troposphere-0.01 to 25 g/kg-accuracy: 6% or 0.01 g/kg-resolution (variable)
vertical: 330 m nadir, 990 m zenithhorizontal: 42 to 70 km (3 - 5 min)
• Aerosol/cloud profiles-daytime and nighttime-0.03 to 25 km-resolution (nominal)
vertical: 30 mhorizontal: 2.1 km
• Advanced data products:*RH derived from LASE mixing ratio and dropsonde/radiosondes, TotalPrecipitable Water (TPW),aerosol extinction and scattering coefficientprofiles, and aerosol optical depth.
*Retrieved on a case by case basis on request
Flight 12 / Hurricane Earl # 3/ September 1, 2010LASE measurements of moisture in and around the storm
Flight 13 / Hurricane Earl # 4/ September 2, 2010
Relative Aerosol
And Cloud Scattering
Acknowledgements: The authors wish to thank Dr. Ramesh Kakar, NASA HQ for funding and Paul McClung for integration support. Quality controlled dropsonde data provided by NCAR/EOL under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation http://data.eol.ucar.edu/.
8/12/2010 Tropical Disturbance # 5
LASE Aerosol Scattering Ratios 8/13/2010 FLIGHT 5
AVERAGE WATER VAPOR PROFILES
LASE AEROSOL SCATTERING RATIOS8/30/2010 FLIGHT 10
ENSEMBEL STATISTICS: NO CLOUDS
EYE # 2
EYE # 6
EYE # 2
EYE # 6
Outflow
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