Larvicidal Activities of Different Parts of Melia azedarach Linn

Larvicidal Activities ofDifferent Parts of Meliaazedarach Linn. against

Culex quinquefasciatus Say.(Diptera: Culicidae)

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Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences, 2012 Vol. 8, No. 1 Ilahi et al.31.20 % mortality respectively. At this concentrationle

aves and fruit extracts showedsimilar (P > 0.05)larvicidalactivity. Also at the concentrations of 500,1000, 1500 and 2000

ppm the fruit extract showed lessmortality compared to theleaves and barkextracts (P<0.05). The leaves and barkextracts showed

efficientlarvicidal activity. The comparison of larvicidal activitiesof leaves and barkextracts at 500, 1000 and 15000ppm showed

that bark extract is morelarvicidalcompared to leaves extract (P < 0.05). At 2000 ppmconcentration the leaves and bark

extracts caused81.60 + 4.6 % and 88.0 + 6.3 % mortality respectively. At this dose the leaves and bark extracts showed

homogeneity (P>0.05) in larvicidal activity.DISCUSSIONIn the present study the aqueous extracts of

theleaves, fruits and barkof  Melia azedarach L. werestudiedfor larvicidal activity against

Culexquinquefasciatus Say. The aqueous extractof eachpart showed dose dependent increase in larvicidalactiv

ity. Compounds isolated fromMelia azedarachhave received particular attention from appliedentomologists because of their

excellent insecticidalaction [35]. The insecticidal effect ofMelia azedarach could be attributed to the presence of

limonoids [36-38]. The lemonoids isolated fromMelia azedarachinclude melianoninol, melianone, melianol,

meliandiol,meliantriol, toosendanin, trichilins, Salannin, nimbin,salannal, meliacarpinin, azedarachin and

lignanes [39].Most of these limonoidsposses antifeedent propertythat lead to the killing of insects. The

antifeeding actionis causedby the destruction of the function ofchemoreceptors 

or stimulating the deterrent receptorslocated in the medialor lateral sensillum styloconicum[35]. Limonoids alo posses

poisonous effect on insects.They destroy the structure of integument and thealimentary canal. Limonoids cause

the disorganizationof the extracellular membrane layersand the basalportion ofthe epithelial cells of the

stomach [40].During thepresent study the aqueous extract ofbark showed significantly higher larvicidal

activity ascompared to leaves and fruit. This canbe attributed tothe presence of larger quantity of

limonoids in the barkpart ofMelia azedarach of Dir region.The insecticidalefficacy of a plant part may vary with the

region. Manyplants although non toxic under oneset of conditionsTable 4. Evaluation of Aqueous Extracts of

Different Parts ofMelia azedarachfor Larvicidal Activity at Various DosesAgainstCulex quinquefasciatus

After 24 ExposureConcentrationPlantParts50 ppm 100 ppm 500 ppm 1000 ppm 1500 ppm 2000 ppmFruit 1.60 + 2.2a

 10.40 + 7.3a

 20 0 + 10.9a

 24.0+ 5.7a

 44.0 +10.2a

 61.60 + 7.3a

 Leaves 17.60 +6.06b

 24.0 + 5.7b

 36.80 + 4.4b

 50.40 +4.6b

 64 + 4b

 81.60 +4.6b

 Bark 17. 60 + 7.3b

 31.20 + 5.2b

 48 + 4.0c

 60.80 +7.2c

 75.20 + 6.3c

 88.0 + 6.3b

 Values are mean and standard deviations of five replicates. The alphabetical order is according to increasing mean values.Means sharing

no letter in common are significantly different at P< 0.05.Means sharing a letter in common are not significantly different at P< 0.05.Figure 1: Comparison of larvicidal activities of

aqueous extractsof different parts ofMelia azadarach againstCulexquinquefesciatus. The alphabetical order is

according to increasing mean values.Means sharing no letter in commonare significantly different at P< 0.05.Means sharing a letter

in common are not significantly different at P< 0.05.

Larvicidal Activities of Different Parts of Melia azedarach Linn. 

Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences, 2012 Vol. 8, No. 127 can prove to bemost toxic and noxious under anotherset of conditions

[41].The various solventextracts of different partsofMelia azedarach are very effective against

variouspests [42]. The hexane extract of fruits ofMeliaazedarach has been reported to be strongly larvicidalagain

st malaria vector Anopheles stephensi  [43]. Themethanol extracts of leaves and seeds of

Meliaazedarachhave proved to be potent larvicidal against Anopheles stephensi

[31]. The ethanol leaf extract of  Melia azedarach has killed thelarvae of dengue fevervector

 Aedes aegypti[30].The larvicidal effects ofMelia azedarachagainstCulex quinquefasciatus

 have been reported [32] but thepresent study differs from the previous studies insolvent and parts of the

plant used for extractpreparation.The pesticidal action ofMelia azedarach have alsobeen tested against

Spodotera littoralis (orderLepidoptera, family Noctuidae) [14]andBoophilusmicroplus

 (Acari: Ixodidae) [29].Our findings, and those of earlier studiesindicatethat the plantMelia azedarach

can serve as a goodsource of preparations for pest control especiallymosquito control. Insome areas of Swat and

Dir,Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, the cattle occasionally feed ontwigs ofMelia azedarach. 

The plant is not toxic tovertebrates and is eco-friendly.CONCLUSION Among the aqueous extracts of fruits, leaves 

andbark, the aqueous extractof bark is the most efficientlarvicidal againstCulex quinquefasciatus

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