Large scale dioxin/pesticid source remediation, Niels Ploug, Kruger

Geoarena 2014

LARGE SCALE DIOXIN/PESTICID SOURCE REMEDIATION

1. Introduction to Thermal Conduction and ISTD/IPTD Treatment of Dioxins

2. References on earlier work

3. USAID – Danang Airport Vietnam IPTD project

Agenda

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TCH Wells

3

°C

Heater Heatert1,2,3 = temperature progression

= 335C

t1

t2

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

0

50t3

% Sat.Temp°C

t1

t2

t2

TCH Well

Heat spreads primarily by conduction uniform heating

Electric HeatingElement inside

Steel Pipe

What is Thermal Conductive Heating (TCH)?

Vapor cover

Created steam and vapors are captured by vertical or horizontal extraction wells.

The vapor pressures of contaminants increase exponentially due to thermal conduction heating during the ISTD & IPTD® process.

Effect of heating

Site

Treated Volume

Before treatment

After treatment Source test

Mean Soil Concentration

Mean Soil Concentration Exhaust gas

[m3] [pg-TEQ/g] [pg-TEQ/g] [ng-TEQ/Nm3]Missouri Electric Works Superfund

Site, Cape Girardeau, Missouri

USA

5.7 6,500 3.2 0.0029

Former US Naval Facility Centerville Beach, Ferndale, California USA

765 3,200 7.3 0.0055

Southern California Edison AOC-2,

Alhambra, California USA

12,615 18,000 110 0.0071

Ministry of Environment,

Yamaguchi, Japan1.0 1,800 67.75 0.000018

(Heron et al. 2010; Baker et al. 2008; USEPA 1998; Conley and Lonie 2000)

TEQ = 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-dioxin Equivalents (WHO)

[email protected]

Examples of ISTD and IPTD Field Project Results for the Remediation of Dioxin in Soil and Sediment

Da Nang

Danang Airport

Agent Orange

2,4,5-triklorfenoxy-butylester

2,4,5 - T

2,4-diklorfenoxy-butylester

2,4 - D

Agent Orange

2,3,7,8-tetraklordibenzodioxin

TCDD

Bi product/impurity

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SurveyScreening• 7 areas

Detailed survey• Quantification of extent

UXO• Survey• Clearance

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SurveyFirst level text• Example of second level

Third level textFourth level: this must remain an exception, to be avoided when

projecting.

Technology screening

Technology evaluationClean up criteira• 150 ng/kg TEQ

Thermal desorption – lab tests

at >335°C

(Sorenson et al. 2011)

Pile Structure

Insulated walls

Sheet pile

Drain Drain layer

Insulation

Vapor cap

Air inletHeater well

Horizontal exstraction

Opgravet jord

In Pile Thermal Desorption - IPTD®

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Treatment system

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2,3,7,8-tetraklordibenzodioxin (TCDD)• Adsorbtion on Granular Activated Carbon (GAC)

Other contaminants• Chlorophenols• Herbicides 2,4-D, 2,4,5,-T• Other TOC

Water/condensate treatment• NAPL/DNAPL separation• Macro Porous Polymer Extraction• GAC

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Status

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Project team

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South East Asia

http://www.usaid.gov/vietnam/environmental-remediation