Presentation - Ljubljana TUG - Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management 1 Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management 1 Ljubljana – November - 2008 Dam – Design, Construction & Performance – G.Zenz Large Dams Design, Construction and Performance Gerald Zenz Graz - University of Technology Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management 2 Ljubljana – November - 2008 Dam – Design, Construction & Performance – G.Zenz Design Dam Structures & Geotechnique Construction / Observation Operation / Monitoring Improving / Upgrading Cooperation & Transfer of Know How
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Presentation - Ljubljana
TUG - Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management 1
Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management
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Ljubljana – November - 2008Dam – Design, Construction & Performance – G.Zenz
Large DamsDesign, Construction and Performance
Gerald ZenzGraz - University of Technology
Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management
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Ljubljana – November - 2008Dam – Design, Construction & Performance – G.Zenz
Design
Dam Structures & Geotechnique
Construction / Observation
Operation / Monitoring
Improving / Upgrading
Cooperation &
Transfer of
Know How
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Ljubljana – November - 2008Dam – Design, Construction & Performance – G.Zenz
Large Dams – Design, Construction, Operation and Rehabilitation
Gravity DamsSystem of Load TransferDesign IssuesSliding Stability
Example – HEPP Birecik – Fill and Gravity Dam StructureDouble Curved Arch Dams
Bearing BehaviourDesign AspectsAbutment Stability
Example – Schlegeis Dam / AustriaExample – HEPP Tzankov Kamak / BulgariaExample – HEPP Ermenek / Turkey
Pumped Storage Scheme – Limberg II / Pressure TunnelRehabilitation – Bottom Outlet of Salza Dam
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Ljubljana – November - 2008Dam – Design, Construction & Performance – G.Zenz
Gravity Type - Dam Structures
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Ljubljana – November - 2008Dam – Design, Construction & Performance – G.Zenz
Loading CasesDead Weight
Water Loading, Uplift
Temperature
Silt pressure
Ice Loading
Wind and Wave
Earthquake Loading
Operating Earthquake OBE
Maximum Credible Earthquake
Structural Alterations
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Ljubljana – November - 2008Dam – Design, Construction & Performance – G.Zenz
Design Control Measures
Failure ModeSliding in any plane in the Abutment –-In the interface concrete to Rock -In any possible joint-In fault system in the Rock-Tensile- and Compression
Usability – System Performance-Layout-Material Parameters-Permeability
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Ljubljana – November - 2008Dam – Design, Construction & Performance – G.Zenz
Uplift Pressure Distribution
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Ljubljana – November - 2008Dam – Design, Construction & Performance – G.Zenz
Earthquake Loading
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Ljubljana – November - 2008Dam – Design, Construction & Performance – G.Zenz
Required Safety Margin
⎟⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛⋅+=
nbn
JCSJRCσ
ϕστ 10logtan
φb = 29,5 °Residual Friction Angle / Laboratory
JRC = 8,3Comparison Publication / Field
JCS = 27,2MPaLaboratory MeasurementsCorrelation with Schmidt Hammer
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Ljubljana – November - 2008Dam – Design, Construction & Performance – G.Zenz
Const. Cons.
Selected Hydro Power Plants in Turkey
Under Oper.
BorckaMuratli
Deriner
Birecik KarkamisErmenek
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Ljubljana – November - 2008Dam – Design, Construction & Performance – G.Zenz
Hydro Schemes at the Euphrat
Birecik first large BOT – Project in TurkeyStart of Construction April 1996 – Construction Time 66 MonthRiver Diversion – June 1999Start of Impounding – October 2000Commercial Operation Since Oct. 2001
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Ljubljana – November - 2008Dam – Design, Construction & Performance – G.Zenz
Hydro Electric Powerplant - Birecik
Fill Dam (2000m)– Clay Core– Height 62,5m
Concrete Dam (500m)– Gravity Dam– Intake Structure – Power House
-Laboratory & In Situ - Tests-Geophysical Investigation
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Ljubljana – November - 2008Dam – Design, Construction & Performance – G.Zenz
Joint System – Clay Filled
φclay = 22,4 °Clay Friction Angle / Laboratory
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Ljubljana – November - 2008Dam – Design, Construction & Performance – G.Zenz
Spillway - Section
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Ljubljana – November - 2008Dam – Design, Construction & Performance – G.Zenz
Intake Section
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Ljubljana – November - 2008Dam – Design, Construction & Performance – G.Zenz
Additional Excavation – Spillway - Intake
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Ljubljana – November - 2008Dam – Design, Construction & Performance – G.Zenz
Additional Excavation
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Ljubljana – November - 2008Dam – Design, Construction & Performance – G.Zenz
Operation - Monitoring of Performance
HPP – BirecikDesign Flow 1900m3/sHydraulic Head 44mCapacity 672MW6 Francis UnitsAnnual Production 2500GWhEntire Length 2510mReservoir Volume 1200Mio m3
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Ljubljana – November - 2008Dam – Design, Construction & Performance – G.Zenz
Operation – Monitoring Performance
Geodetic MeasurementsSeepage / UpliftDisplacements – Plump Line / Extensometers / Joint MetersOperation – Reservoir Water Level / Downstream Water Level / Temperatures
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Ljubljana – November - 2008Dam – Design, Construction & Performance – G.Zenz
Uplift Pressure Measurements
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Ljubljana – November - 2008Dam – Design, Construction & Performance – G.Zenz
Radial Deformation Measurements - Intake
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Ljubljana – November - 2008Dam – Design, Construction & Performance – G.Zenz
Arch Dam – Bearing Behavior
Uplift
Foundation
Seepage
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Ljubljana – November - 2008Dam – Design, Construction & Performance – G.Zenz
Schlegeis Dam
Crest length 725mHeight 131m
Thickness 34m / 9m
Total Concrete Volume 960000m3
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Ljubljana – November - 2008Dam – Design, Construction & Performance – G.Zenz
Dam Excavation
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Ljubljana – November - 2008Dam – Design, Construction & Performance – G.Zenz
Method of Construction
Individual Columns– Maximum Height
Difference– Placing Temperature– Joint Grouting
Monolithic Arch Structure– Loading Conditions
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Ljubljana – November - 2008Dam – Design, Construction & Performance – G.Zenz
Method Dependent Results
Influence – Mesh Size – Deformation Behavior
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Ljubljana – November - 2008Dam – Design, Construction & Performance – G.Zenz
Situation at Central Cross Section
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Ljubljana – November - 2008Dam – Design, Construction & Performance – G.Zenz
Finite Element Cross Section – Abutment Forces
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Ljubljana – November - 2008Dam – Design, Construction & Performance – G.Zenz
Forces Along the abutment
Dead Weight Dead Weight & Water Load
Dead Weight & Water Load & Uplift
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Ljubljana – November - 2008Dam – Design, Construction & Performance – G.Zenz
Abutment – Block Sliding Analysis
Resultant ForcesVerticalHorizontal
Sliding Safety
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Ljubljana – November - 2008Dam – Design, Construction & Performance – G.Zenz
Dynamic Analyses
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Ljubljana – November - 2008Dam – Design, Construction & Performance – G.Zenz
• Measured Eigenfrequenciesand Mode Shapes
Water Level7m below crest
Measured Calculated1,92 1,812,05 1,862,50 2,38
DYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR
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Ljubljana – November - 2008Dam – Design, Construction & Performance – G.Zenz
1782 müA; Stauziel
b H
z
1655.82 müA
Added Mass – Versus – Fluid Structure Interaction
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Ljubljana – November - 2008Dam – Design, Construction & Performance – G.Zenz
Added Mass – Versus - FSI
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Ljubljana – November - 2008Dam – Design, Construction & Performance – G.Zenz
Abutment Stability
Failure ModeSliding in any plane in the Abutment –-In the interface concrete to Rock -In any possible joint / fault system in the RockCompression / Tension
Usability – System Performance-Layout-Material Parameters-Permeability / Uplift Water Pressure
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Ljubljana – November - 2008Dam – Design, Construction & Performance – G.Zenz
Arch Dam Behavior – ICOLD Benchmark
measurements providedlinear + nonlinear benchmarkICOLD – Dam Analysis
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Ljubljana – November - 2008Dam – Design, Construction & Performance – G.Zenz
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Ljubljana – November - 2008Dam – Design, Construction & Performance – G.Zenz