TITLE OF THESIS (R21, centred, 16 pt) Possible Sub-Title (R 23, centred, 14 pt) Name of Possible Background Project (R34, centred, 12 pt) Author (R36, centred, Last name, First name) Author (R37, centred, Last name, First name) Thesis (R 39, centred) School (R40, centred) Degree Programme (R41, centred) Degree (R42, centred)
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TITLE OF THESIS (R21, centred, 16 pt)
Possible Sub-Title (R 23, centred, 14 pt)
Name of Possible Background Project (R34, centred, 12 pt)
Author (R36, centred, Last name, First name)Author (R37, centred, Last name, First name)
Tekijä Etunimi Sukunimi Vuosi XXXXOhjaaja Etunimi SukunimiToimeksiantaja Toimeksiantajan nimiTyön nimi Työn nimiSivu- ja liitesivumäärä XX + X
Tiivistelmän perusteella lukija saa kokonaiskuvan opinnäytetyöstä. Tiivistelmässä on selostettu opinnäytetyön tavoitteet ja merkitys alalle sekä mahdolliset tutkimusongelmat, orientaatioperusta, käytetty menetelmä, tutkimusaineisto, tulokset sekä opinnäytetyön johtopäätökset.
Edellä mainitut asiakokonaisuudet esitetään tiivistelmässä ilman otsikointeja.
Tiivistelmässä ei ole yksityiskohtaisia tietoja, viittauksia työn sivuihin, taulukoita, lainauksia, tietoa tai väitteitä, joita ei ole itse työssä.
Tiivistelmän lopussa ovat tiedonhakua varten keskeiset asiasanat. Tiivistelmän on mahduttava yhdelle sivulle. Riviväli tiivistelmässä on 1 ja fonttikoko 12 pt.
Avainsanat avainsanojen luettelo (1–7 kpl)Muita tietoja Esim. Työhön liittyy multimediaesitys.
School of Name of Degree ProgrammeDegree
Abstract of Thesis
Author First name Last name Year XXXXSupervisor First name Last nameCommissioned by Name of the CommissionerTitle of Thesis Name of the ThesisNumber of pages XX + X
In the abstract you sum up the data presented in your thesis. You bring the main points without adding anything that has not been mentioned in the thesis including e.g. the aim, methods, research material, results and conclusion. All the detailed facts such as charts or page references are excluded.
No references to literature used are made. Neither are any titles or subtitles used.
Use spacing between lines. Do not divide words into syllables. In the abstract, you most often use the past tense because the work has already been completed.
You should write the abstract only when you have finished your thesis. Use the Finnish abstract as a basis but do not try to translate directly from the Finnish abstract into English; it will not work that way.
At the end of the abstract the key words are listed.
Key words list of key words (1–7 pcs)Other information e.g., The thesis includes a multimedia presentation.
You should always use primary, original sources. However, it is sometimes
justifiable to use a secondary source. Both the original and the secondary
source are marked in the bibliography. According to Hirsjärvi et al. (2007, 335–
340), the textual reference to the original source in the secondary source may
be marked as follows:
According to Uusikylä (1994, 132) Callahan (1990) defines – –.
(Vuorinen 1991, as cited in Silvonen 1992, 150)
In the following example, Poikelas’ article is a secondary source that discuses
Kolb’s original work:
17
According to Poikela and Poikela (2010, 25), Kolb (1984) attempts to
integrate work, education and personal growth into a holistic perception of
learning.
4.2 Bibliography
The purpose of the bibliography is to guide the reader to the source of original
information. All sources mentioned in the text are listed in alphabetical order in
the list of references. Sources are listed primarily according to the authors’ last
names. If the author is not mentioned, the source is listed according to the
name of the publication. If the name is not known, the source is listed according
to the publisher. Sometimes (rarely) the author is marked as Unknown.
If an author has several publications they are mentioned in chronological order
according to the year of publication. If the author has several publications during
the same year they are separated from each other by adding a, b, c, etc., after
the year.
The increase in digital text material has led to an increase in plagiarising. The
same rules that are applied when using and referring to printed material also
apply to material found on the Internet. It is preferable to refer to both electronic
and printed material in your own words rather than through direct quotes
(Hirsjärvi et al. 2009, 106–107). Plagiarising results in sanctions. Lapland UAS
has software that identifies plagiarised texts.
References are headed in the text and the table of contents as follows:
BIBLIOGRAPHY. The heading is not numbered.
In the following guidelines, sources are grouped by type to facilitate finding the
right model. In the thesis, sources are listed in alphabetical order without
subheadings.
Books
Greetham, B. 2009. How to Write Your Undergraduate Dissertation. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
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If a source has several authors, all their names are mentioned. Their names are
separated by commas; the last two names are separated by an & symbol.
Malmfors, B., Garnsworthy, P. & Grossman, M. 2003. Writing and Presenting Scientific Papers. Nottingham: Nottingham University Press.
An article in a compilation as a sourceDrew, P. & Heritage, J. 1992. Analyzing Talk at Work: An Introduction. In P. Drew & J. Heritage (ed.) Talk at Work. Interaction in institutional Settings. Studies in Interactional Sociolinguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 3–65.
Serial publications, reports, committee reportsHealth Care in Finland 2004. Brochures of the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health 2004:11.
Rautiainen, M., Vanhanen-Nuutinen, L. & Virta, A. 2014. Democracy and Human Rights. Objectives and Content in Teacher Education. Reports of the Ministry of Education and Culture, Finland 2014:18.
Working Group’s Report on Setting up a Register for Legal Interpreters 2014. Reports of the Ministry of Education and Culture, Finland 2014:22.
Scientific article (journal article)
Coulter, K. S. & Coulter, R. A. 2002. Determinants of Trust in a Service Provider: the Moderating Role of Length of Relationship. The Journal of Service Marketing Vol. 16 No 1, 35–50.
Uusitalo-Malmivaara, L., Kankaanpää, P., Mäkinen, T., Raeluoto, T., Rauttu, K., Tarhala, V. & Lehto, J. E. 2012. Are Special Education Students Happy? Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research 56, 419–437.
Worthington, B. 2003. Change in an Estonian Resort. Contrasting Development Contexts. Annals of Tourism Research Vol. 30. No 2, 369–385. Accessed 8 April 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(02)00105-6.
The example above used the doi.org alphanumeric string which provides a
persistent link to its location on the Internet. (DOI = Digital Object Identifier).
The DOI is typically located on the first page of the electronic journal article,
near the copyright notice. The DOI can also be found on the database landing
García-Rosell, J. C. 2009. A Multi-stakeholder Perspective on Sustainable Marketing: Studying Business-Society Relations Through Action Research. University of Oulu. Faculty of Economics and Business Administration. Licentiate thesis.
Newspaper and magazine articles
Smith, R. 2014. Just Press Print. As Epoch-making as Gutenberg’s Printing Press, 3-D Printing Is Changing the Shape of the Future. National Geographic. December 2014.
Jayalath, C., Stephen, J. & Eugster, P. 2014. Universal Cross-Cloud Communication. IEEE, Volume 2. 103–116.
Delaney, K. J., Karnitschnig, M. & Guth, R. A. Microsoft Ends Pursuit of Yahoo, Reassesses Its Online Option. The Wall Street Journal 5 May 2008, 12.
Konola, S. & Kähkönen, P. 2015. Arctic Wears – Perspectives on Arctic Clothing. Rovaniemi: Lapland University of Applied Sciences. Liiketoiminta ja yrittäjyys 10/2015. Accessed 3 December 2015 https://publications.theseus.fi/handle/10024/96820.
Helman, K. 2011. Project Management Jumpstart. 3rd edition. Hoboken, N.J. Wiley Publishing Inc. Ebook. Accessed 8 January 2016 https://luc.finna.fi/lapinamk/, Ebrary.
According to the name of the publication if no author is mentioned:
Alcohol Issues in Licensed Premises 2014. Guidelines 6/2014. Valvira. National Supervisory Authority for Welfare and Health. Accessed 20 December 2015 http://www.valvira.fi/documents/18508/84401/Alcohol_Issues_in_Licensed_Premises.pdf.
Official Statistics of Finland (OSF): Accommodation Statistics 2015. Helsinki: Statistics Finland. Accessed 3 December 2015 http://www.stat.fi/til/matk/index_en.html.
This is a model bibliography. It also includes useful literature for thesis writing.
The model bibliography uses spacing (before 0 pt, after 12 pt, line spacing 1),
which comes automatically when pressing Enter/Return at the end of the
reference. No extra empty line is needed between the references.
Christmas Story 2007. Film. Director: Juha Wuolijoki. Producer: Snapper Films Oy.
Coulter, K. S. & Coulter, R. A. 2002. Determinants of Trust in a Service Provider: the Moderating Role of Length of Relationship. The Journal of Service Marketing Vol. 16 No 1, 35–50.
Creedy, J. 2008. Research Without Tears: From the First Ideas to Published Output. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publications.
Delaney, K. J., Karnitschnig, M. & Guth, R. A. Microsoft Ends Pursuit of Yahoo, Reassesses Its Online Option. The Wall Street Journal 5 May 2008, 12.
Drew, P. & Heritage, J. 1992. Analyzing Talk at Work: An Introduction. In P. Drew & J. Heritage (ed.) Talk at Work. Interaction in Institutional Settings. Studies in Interactional Sociolinguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 3–65.
García-Rosell, J. C. 2009. A Multi-stakeholder Perspective on Sustainable Marketing: Studying Business-society Relations Through Action Research. University of Oulu: Faculty of Economics and Business Administration. Licentiate thesis.
Greetham, B. 2009. How to Write Your Undergraduate Dissertation. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Grönroos, C. 2007a. Service Management and Marketing: Customer Management in Service Competition. 3rd edition. Chichester: Wiley.
– 2007b. In Search of a New Logic for Marketing: The Foundation of Contemporary Marketing Theory. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Hakala, J. T. 2000. Creative Thesis Writing: A Guide to Development and Research Work. Helsinki: Gaudeamus.
Health Care in Finland 2004. Brochures of the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health 2004:11.
Helman, K. 2011. Project Management Jumpstart. 3rd edition. Hoboken, N.J. Wiley Publishing Inc. Ebook. Accessed 8 January 2016 https://luc.finna.fi/lapinamk/, Ebrary.
22
Jayalath, C., Stephen, J. & Eugster, P. 2014. Universal Cross-Cloud Communication. IEEE, Volume 2. 103–116.
Konola, S. & Kähkönen, P. 2015. Arctic Wears – Perspectives on Arctic Clothing. Rovaniemi: Lapland University of Applied Sciences. Liiketoiminta ja yrittäjyys 10/2015. Accessed 3 December 2015 https://publications.theseus.fi/handle/10024/96820.
Lapland UAS 2015. Arctic Power. Accessed 3 December 2015 http://www.lapinamk.fi/en/Employers/Development-enviroments/Arctic-Power.
Malmfors, B., Garnsworthy, P. & Grossman, M. 2003. Writing and Presenting Scientific Papers. Nottingham: Nottingham University Press.
McCormack, J. & Slaght, J. 2005. English for Academic Study: Skills for Extended Writing and Academic Study. Reading: Garnet Education.
Munapään tarina 2005. Animation. Director: Tero Mäkelä. Producer: Kemi-Tornio University of Applied Sciences, Tornio.
Rautiainen, M., Vanhanen-Nuutinen, L. & Virta, A. 2014. Democracy and Human Rights. Objectives and Content in Teacher Education. Reports of the Ministry of Education and Culture, Finland 2014:18.
Ruudun hurma 1996. Video recording. Ed. Ritva Leino. Yle’s Open University. TV1. Educational programmes.
Smith, R. 2014. Just Press Print. As Epoch-making as Gutenberg’s Printing Press, 3-D Printing Is Changing the Shape of the Future. National Geographic. December 2014
Stevenson, A. 2014. About Thesis Presentation. Email [email protected] 11 April 2014. Printed out 15 April 2014.
Structural Fund Act 29.12.2006/1401.
Swales, J. M. & Feak, C. B. 2004. Academic Writing for Graduate Students: Essential Tasks and Skills. 2nd edition. Michigan: The University of Michigan Press.
Uusitalo-Malmivaara, L., Kankaanpää, P., Mäkinen, T., Raeluoto, T., Rauttu, K., Tarhala, V. & Lehto, J. E. 2012. Are Special Education Students Happy? Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research 56, 419–437.
Viljanen, S. 2011. Digital Equipment Corporation Oy. Production Manager’s interview 12 April 2011.
Working Group’s Report on Setting up a Register for Legal Interpreters 2014. Reports of the Ministry of Education and Culture, Finland 2014:22.
Worthington, B. 2003. Change in an Estonian Resort. Contrasting Development Contexts. Annals of Tourism Research Vol. 30. No 2, 369–385. Accessed 8 April 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(02)00105-6.
Wyse, D. 2007. The Good Writing Guide for Education Students. 2nd edition. London: Sage.