Government at a Glance Southeast Asia 2019 Country Fact Sheet Lao PDR has a strong career-based civil service system, ensuring the stability of its workforce As seen in the different composite indicators on strategic human resources management, Lao PDR has a strong career-based system. Candidates go through a competitive exam at entry, no posts are open to external recruitment and recruitment targets recent university graduates. Promotions are based on work experience and tenure; it is one of the few countries without performance-related pay. While this has helped to ensure that Lao PDR has an experienced group of civil servants, it will be important to identify skill needs and gaps as the country prepares for digital transformation. Chapter 5. Human resources management Type of recruitment system used in central government, 2018 Challenges in attracting particular groups of applicants to the civil service, 2018 Extent to which performance-related pay is used in central government, 2018 Lao PDR has one of the highest proportions of women in parliament in SEA Lao PDR has the second-highest proportion of women in parliament (28%), higher than the SEA average of 20% in 2017, without having any quota systems. This figure has slightly increased from 2008 (25.2%), al- though it remains somewhat below the average proportion of women parliamentarians in the OECD (29.5%). In contrast, the share of women ministers is 7.4%, below the SEA average (10.1%), and has declined since 2008, when it was 11.1%. Chapter 3. Public employment Share of women parliamentarians, 2008, 2014 and 2018 (lower or single house of parliament) Share of women ministers, 2008, 2014 and 2017 Lao PDR could strengthen services for citizens by putting in place some core digital tools Lao PDR is the only country in region not to have a main national citizens’ portal for government services, and one of a few countries not to have a legally recognised digital identification mechanism. Introducing a single point of access to government services can significantly improve government interaction with citizens and businesses and generate both cost and time savings for all concerned, including government. Chapter 6. Digital and open government Existence of a main national citizens portal for government services, 2018 Existence of a legally recognised digital identification (e.g. digital signature) mechanism, 2018 Lao PDR
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Lao PDR - OECD · 2019. 9. 6. · Lao PDR has the second-highest proportion of women in parliament (28%), higher than the SEA average of 20% in 2017, without having any quota systems.
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Government at a GlanceSoutheast Asia 2019
Country Fact Sheet
Lao PDR has a strong career-based civil service system, ensuring the stability of its workforce
As seen in the different composite indicators on strategic human resources management, Lao PDR has a strong career-based system. Candidates go through a competitive exam at entry, no posts are open to external recruitment and recruitment targets recent university graduates. Promotions are based on work experience and tenure; it is one of the few countries without performance-related pay. While this has helped to ensure that Lao PDR has an experienced group of civil servants, it will be important to identify skill needs and gaps as the country prepares for digital transformation.
Chapter 5. Human resources management
Type of recruitment system used in central government, 2018Challenges in attracting particular groups of applicants to the civil service, 2018Extent to which performance-related pay is used in central government, 2018
Lao PDR has one of the highest proportions of women in parliament in SEA
Lao PDR has the second-highest proportion of women in parliament (28%), higher than the SEA average of 20% in 2017, without having any quota systems. This figure has slightly increased from 2008 (25.2%), al-though it remains somewhat below the average proportion of women parliamentarians in the OECD (29.5%). In contrast, the share of women ministers is 7.4%, below the SEA average (10.1%), and has declined since 2008, when it was 11.1%.
Chapter 3. Public employment
Share of women parliamentarians, 2008, 2014 and 2018 (lower or single house of parliament)Share of women ministers, 2008, 2014 and 2017
Lao PDR could strengthen services for citizens by putting in place some core digital tools
Lao PDR is the only country in region not to have a main national citizens’ portal for government services, and one of a few countries not to have a legally recognised digital identification mechanism. Introducing a single point of access to government services can significantly improve government interaction with citizens and businesses and generate both cost and time savings for all concerned, including government.
Chapter 6. Digital and open government
Existence of a main national citizens portal for government services, 2018Existence of a legally recognised digital identification (e.g. digital signature) mechanism, 2018
Values have been rounded. n.a. = not applicable or
data not available
% of GDP
Public Employment and Women’s Representation
* See notes Source: 2015 OECD Survey on Budget Practices and Procedures for Asian Countries, updated in 2018
Sources: IMF, World Economic Ooutlook database (IMF WEO)
OECD average or value
in green
Sources: IMF, World Economic Ooutlookdatabase (IMF WEO)
Sources: IMF, World Economic Ooutlookdatabase (IMF WEO)
Source: IMF Government Finance Statistics* See notes (IMF GFS) database
Share of womenparliamentarians
(2018)*
Share of womenministers
(2017)
Source: Inter-Parliamentary Union* See notes (IPU) PARLINE database
Source: Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU)“Women in Politics”
20.3%
27.5%Lao PDR
0% 10% 20% 30%
10.1%
7.4%Lao PDR
0% 10% 20% 30%
In how many countriesdo these typesof rules exist?
If yes, what is thelegal foundation?
Do these types of rules exist?
Budget balance (de�cit/surplus)
Legal foundations:
ConstitutionInternationalTreaty
Primary and/orSecondary Legislation
InternalRules/Policy
C IT L R
7642
Expenditure
Debt
Revenue
Politicalcommittment
P OtherO
33292715
L
LYESYES
YES L
Lao PDR
NO
Who provides specialised budget analysisto the legislature?
(2017)
Source: 2015 OECD Survey on Budget Practices, updated in 2018
In how many countriesdo these types
of support exist?
Parliamentary Budget O�ce or specialised research unit
Specialised sta� of Budget/Finance Committee
Specialised sta� in political party secretariats
Individual member’s sta� 3
54
1NO
YES
NO2219
2015
NO
Lao PDR
46.9%
35.8%Lao PDR
35% 40% 45% 50% 55% 60%
Budget
Share of public sectoremployment filled by
women (2016)*
Source: International Labour Organization* See notes (ILO) ILOSTAT database
Employment in public sector (2016)*
% of total employment
Source: International Labour Organization* See notes (ILO) ILOSTAT database
10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
15.4%
0%
18.0%
Lao PDR
-30% -10%-20% 0% +10%
Lao PDR -4.7%
-1.8%
Budgetary information made publicly available (2017)
Dedicated PPP units and value for moneyassessments of PPPs and TIPs (2017)
Source: 2015 OECD Survey on Budget Practices and Procedures for Asian Countries, updated in 2018Source: 2015 OECD Survey on Budget Practices and Procedures for Asian Countries, updated in 2018
In how many countriesis this informationpublicly available?
Budget proposal
Budget approved
Methodology and economic assumptions for establishing �scal projections
Sensitivity analyses of �scal and/or macroeconomic models 3
10
65NO
YES
33
33
28
24
Budget circular
Independent reviews/analyses of macroeconomic and/or �scal assumptions
Pre-budget report
Long term perspective on total revenue and expenditure
7
3
5
1
20
28
23
24
YES
YES
YES
NONONO
Lao PDR
In how many countriesdoes this practice exist?
Use of public private partnerships
Dedicated PPP unit reporting to Ministry of Finance
Dedicated PPP units reporting to line ministries
Other PPP unit 1
410
2
NOYES 26
12
82
Use of relative value for money assessments for PPPs
Use of absolute value for money assessments for PPPs
Use of absolute value for money assessments for TIPs
3 11No dedicated PPP unit exists in central/federal government
n.a.n.a.n.a.
n.a.n.a.n.a.
Yes, for all projects Yes, for those abovecertain monetary threshold
Yes, ad hoc basis Yes, other
NONO
YES
Lao PDR
Strategic Human Resources Management
0.41
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0.20Lao PDR
Type ofrecruitment system
usedin central government
(2018)*
Extent of delegation of HRM practices
in line ministriesin central government
(2018)*
Extent of the use of performance
assessments in HR decisions in central government (2018)*
Collection andavailability of
administrative HR data in central government
(2018)*
Extent of the use of separate HRM practices for senior civil servants in central government
(2018)*
0.50
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0.46Lao PDR
0.70
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0.46Lao PDR
0.75
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
10.84Lao PDR
0.68
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0.50Lao PDR
Source: OECD Strategic Human ResourcesManagement Survey * See Notes
Source: OECD Strategic Human ResourcesManagement Survey * See Notes
Source: OECD Strategic Human ResourcesManagement Survey * See Notes
Source: OECD Strategic Human ResourcesManagement Survey * See Notes
Source: OECD Strategic Human ResourcesManagement Survey * See Notes
G@G /data
Budget
Open Government
Top five national policy objectives ofopen government initiatives
(2018)*
* See Notes Source: OECD (2018) Open Government and Open Data Survey
In how many countriesis this a national
objective?
Improve accountability of public sector
Improve responsiveness to citizens / businessImprove transparency of public sector
Improve e�ectiveness of public sector
4
66
5
n.a.Improve the e�ciency of the public sector
Prevent and �ght corruption
Improve citizen participation in policymaking
Increase citizen trust in public institutions
4333
Generate economic growth 1
n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.
n.a.n.a.n.a.
Lao PDR
National policy objectives
1. Yes
1 2 3
Lao PDR
2. No, but open government initiatives are integrated in other strategies 3. No, there is no single strategic document including open government initiatives, nor are they integrated in other strategies
37.5% 12.5%50.0%
n.a. n.a. n.a.
* See Notes Source: OECD (2018) Open Government and Open Data Survey
Existence of a single nationalopen government strategy
(2018)*
Existence of a main national citizens portal forgovernment services and of a legally recognised
digital identification (e.g. digital signature)mechanism (2018)
Source: OECD survey on digital government performance 2018
* See Notes Source: Source: Gallup World Poll (database)
n.a.
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 10
0.40
0.54
Lao PDR
Dataavailability
Dataaccessibility
Governmentsupport to re-use
Satisfaction and confidence across public services(2017)*
79%
Judicial system Education system
71%
20
40
60
80
100
Health care
Lao PDRAverage
Range
71%
83%81% 68%69%72% 56%
Lao PDR
Existence of a legally recogniseddigital identi�cation
(e.g. digital signature) mechanism
Existence of a main nationalcitizens portal
for government services
Number of countrieswhere it exists
NO
7
9
NO
Open Government Data
Serving Citizens
% of citizens expressing confidence/satisfaction
Digital Government
OURdata Index:Open, Useful, Reusable Government Data (2017)*
* See notes Source: OECD Survey on Open Government Data
Composite index: from 0 lowest to 1 highest
Digital Government
Notes• Government investment data for Viet Nam is for 2013. Data is recorded on a cash basis and refer to the government sector of budgetary central government. • Types and legal foundation of fiscal rules - Viet Nam’s revenue rules are referring to National Assembly’s resolutions for a 10-year financial strategy and a 5 year socioeconomic development plan. • Top five national policy objectives of open government initiatives - Countries selected the top five national policy objectives out of nine. • Satisfaction and confidence across public services - Health care and education data for Viet Nam are for 2016. Due to missing data, the SEA average does not include the countries listed for the following charts: • Government investment - Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Viet Nam; • Employment in public sector - Cambodia; • Share of public sector employment filled by women - Cambodia; • Share of women parliamentarians - Brunei Darussalam, Myanmar; • Strategic HRM - Myanmar; • Top five national policy objectives of open government initiatives - Brunei Darussalam, Lao PDR, Myanmar; • Existence of a single national open government strategy - Brunei Darussalam, Lao PDR, Myanmar; • OURdata index - Brunei Darussalam, Myanmar; • Satisfaction and confidence across public services - Brunei Darussalam, Myanmar, Viet Nam (for judicial system).
Source: OECD survey on digital government performance
In how many countriesare these
measurements used?
Measure the direct �nancial bene�tsof ICT projects in the central government
Measure the �nancial bene�ts for businessesof public ICT projects
Measure the �nancial bene�ts for citizensof public ICT projects
3NO
3
3
NO
NO
Lao PDR
Measurement of direct financial benefits ofICT projects for central government,
The Excel spreadsheets used to create the tables and figures in Government at a Glance Southeast Asia 2019 are available via the StatLinks provided throughout the publication:
For more information on the data (including full methodology and figure notes)and to consult all other Country Fact Sheets: http://oe.cd/gov-data-sea