LANs

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Building Your OwnBuilding Your OwnLANLAN

CONNECTING TO THE WORLDCONNECTING TO THE WORLD

Rev 7/20/07 rdm

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How to create a LANHow to create a LAN

I.I. Connect the hardware togetherConnect the hardware together

II.II. Install software and “protocols”Install software and “protocols”

III. III. Install “services”Install “services”

IV. IV. Set up files to share between Set up files to share between computerscomputers

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I. Hardware to connectI. Hardware to connectComputers with NIC cards in themComputers with NIC cards in them– Now the NIC is often on the motherboardNow the NIC is often on the motherboard

CablesCables

Hub or SwitchHub or Switch– What could the downside of using a hub be?What could the downside of using a hub be?– Which is faster a switch or a hub?Which is faster a switch or a hub?– Which is more secure a switch or a hub?Which is more secure a switch or a hub?

Router Router – Usually your gateway to your ISP and the InternetUsually your gateway to your ISP and the Internet

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Key hardwareKey hardware

What are the following?:What are the following?:HubHub (unsophisticated, rebroadcasts everything from your (unsophisticated, rebroadcasts everything from your computer to everyone on the same hub)computer to everyone on the same hub)SwitchSwitch (like a hub but only broadcasts to where it should (like a hub but only broadcasts to where it should go—it filters and forwards)go—it filters and forwards)Router Router (A device that forwards data packets along (A device that forwards data packets along networks. A router is connected to at least two networks, networks. A router is connected to at least two networks, commonly two LANs or WANs or a LAN and its ISP’s commonly two LANs or WANs or a LAN and its ISP’s network. Routers are located at gateways, the places network. Routers are located at gateways, the places where two or more networks connect)where two or more networks connect)

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II. INSTALL SOFTWARE & II. INSTALL SOFTWARE & PROTOCOLSPROTOCOLS

Suitable operating system software for networks such asSuitable operating system software for networks such as– Windows XP (workstation)Windows XP (workstation)– Server (Windows 2003 Server)Server (Windows 2003 Server)– NOS (Windows 2003 Enterprise) Protocol is the common data NOS (Windows 2003 Enterprise) Protocol is the common data

communication language between computers.communication language between computers.

Protocol determines the following:Protocol determines the following:– the type of error checking to be used the type of error checking to be used – data compression method, if any data compression method, if any – how the sending device will indicate that it has finished sending how the sending device will indicate that it has finished sending

a message a message – how the receiving device will indicate that it has received a how the receiving device will indicate that it has received a

message message

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KEY PROTOCOLSKEY PROTOCOLS

TCP/IPTCP/IP– TCP/IP is the primary Internet protocolTCP/IP is the primary Internet protocol– TCP is one of the main protocols in TCP/IP TCP is one of the main protocols in TCP/IP

networks. Whereas the IP protocol deals networks. Whereas the IP protocol deals only with digital data packets, TCP enables only with digital data packets, TCP enables two hosts to establish a connection and two hosts to establish a connection and exchange streams of data. TCP exchange streams of data. TCP guarantees delivery of data and also guarantees delivery of data and also guarantees that packets will be delivered in guarantees that packets will be delivered in the same order in which they were sent. the same order in which they were sent.

– DOES require some configurationDOES require some configuration

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III. INSTALL SERVICESIII. INSTALL SERVICES(FUNCTIONALITY)(FUNCTIONALITY)

For example: file and print sharing, FTP, For example: file and print sharing, FTP, Web, etc.Web, etc.

You may have to check and make sure You may have to check and make sure packets can get through your firewall.packets can get through your firewall.

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IV. Set up what you want to IV. Set up what you want to shareshare

WORKGROUPSWORKGROUPS

RESOURCES TO SHARERESOURCES TO SHARE– SELECT A FOLDERSELECT A FOLDER

ACCESS LEVEL (PERMISSIONS)ACCESS LEVEL (PERMISSIONS)– FULL ACCESSFULL ACCESS– CHANGESCHANGES– READ ONLYREAD ONLY

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Networking ActivitiesNetworking Activities

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#1 Crossover Cable#1 Crossover CableThe most simple connectionThe most simple connection

– For transferring data from one machine to another when not For transferring data from one machine to another when not on a LAN (perhaps an old hard drive to a new one)on a LAN (perhaps an old hard drive to a new one)

– Playing games without a hub (outside or in a car)Playing games without a hub (outside or in a car)

Pin # Signal Straight Crossed-Over Side1 Send + White w. Orange White w. Green2 Send - Orange Green3 Receive + White w. Green White w. Orange4 idle Blue Blue5 idle White w. Blue White w. Blue6 Receive - Green Orange7 idle White w. Brown White w. Brown8 idle Brown Brown

Note: “White w. Orange” means White with Orange Stripe More on cables

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#1 Crossover Cable Instructions#1 Crossover Cable InstructionsI. HardwareI. Hardware

– Plug crossover cable into NICs of both machinesPlug crossover cable into NICs of both machines

II. Software and Protocols (assuming XP)II. Software and Protocols (assuming XP)– On each machine configure TCP/IPOn each machine configure TCP/IP

StartStartControl PanelControl PanelNetwork ConnectionsNetwork Connections– Or right click on “My Network Places” and select propertiesOr right click on “My Network Places” and select properties

Right clink on “Local Area Connection” and select propertiesRight clink on “Local Area Connection” and select properties

Make sure your NIC card is showingMake sure your NIC card is showing

Select “Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)” or install if necessarySelect “Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)” or install if necessary

Click on Properties Click on Properties [Note: discuss briefly getting IP address automatically [Note: discuss briefly getting IP address automatically from a DHCP server]from a DHCP server]

Select “Use the following IP address” and type in the followingSelect “Use the following IP address” and type in the following– IP Address: 10.1.1.1 for one machine and 10.1.1.2 for the otherIP Address: 10.1.1.1 for one machine and 10.1.1.2 for the other– Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 for both machinesSubnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 for both machines– Click “OK” (gateway is not needed as we have no Internet connection)Click “OK” (gateway is not needed as we have no Internet connection)

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#1 Crossover Cable Instructions#1 Crossover Cable InstructionsIII. ServicesIII. Services

– File and Printer File and Printer SharingSharing for Microsoft for Microsoft NetworksNetworks is installed by default on XP. is installed by default on XP.

– Get in the Get in the same workgroupsame workgroupRight-click on Right-click on My ComputerMy Computer and select and select properties. properties. Select the Select the ComputerComputer NameName tab. tab. Left-click on the Left-click on the propertiesproperties button. button.Make sure the workgroup names are identical. Make sure the workgroup names are identical. Use Use ChangeChange button toward the bottom of the button toward the bottom of the current window if necessary.current window if necessary.

– Note: Make sure your firewall is allowing Note: Make sure your firewall is allowing others to access your shared files!others to access your shared files!

StartStartControl PanelControl PanelWindows FirewallWindows Firewall

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IV. Files to shareIV. Files to share– Right-click on a folder you wish to share. Then Right-click on a folder you wish to share. Then

left-click on the left-click on the SharingSharing andand SecuritySecurity selection. selection.– Check the Check the “Share this file on the network” “Share this file on the network”

box.box.– Click the Click the ApplyApply button and then the button and then the OKOK button button

when you have finished the information. A hand when you have finished the information. A hand should appear under the file or folder indicating should appear under the file or folder indicating that it has share-level access.that it has share-level access.

Go to “My Network Places” and enjoy your Go to “My Network Places” and enjoy your workgroup resources!workgroup resources!

#1 Crossover Cable Instructions#1 Crossover Cable Instructions

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#2 Hub or Switch#2 Hub or Switch

Exactly the same as #1, except regular Exactly the same as #1, except regular straight-through cables are plugged straight-through cables are plugged between the NIC cards and the hub or between the NIC cards and the hub or switch.switch.

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Networks for Your HomeNetworks for Your Home

Wired option – install a router and CAT5 Wired option – install a router and CAT5 Twisted-pair cable through your houseTwisted-pair cable through your house

““No-New-Wires” for a home network No-New-Wires” for a home network – Wireless (Wi-Fi) – Wireless router and PC Wireless (Wi-Fi) – Wireless router and PC

Cards Cards Set secure login and encrypt transmissions!Set secure login and encrypt transmissions!

– HomePlug – House AC electrical wiresHomePlug – House AC electrical wires– HomePNA – House phone wiresHomePNA – House phone wires

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Networks for Your HomeNetworks for Your Home

Wi-FiWi-Fi HomePlugHomePlug HomePNAHomePNA

Speed Speed (mbps)(mbps)

5454 1414 1010

PC CardPC Card $70-$110$70-$110 n/an/a $50-$60$50-$60

USB USB AdapterAdapter

$70-$145$70-$145 $75-$180$75-$180 $55-$60$55-$60

Router/ Router/ Access Access PointPoint

$50-$150$50-$150 n/an/a $150-$180$150-$180

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#3 Add a HomePlug #3 Add a HomePlug ConnectionConnection

– Plug HomePlug adapter into electrical outlets. Plug HomePlug adapter into electrical outlets. no power box or strip can be in betweenno power box or strip can be in between

– Plug straight through cables into adapter box.Plug straight through cables into adapter box.

– Watch for blinking lights indicating there is a Watch for blinking lights indicating there is a connection.connection.

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Wireless NetworksWireless Networks

Range 100 – 500 ft.Range 100 – 500 ft.– Can be limited by Can be limited by

walls, metal, peoplewalls, metal, people

Throughput 1 – 54 Throughput 1 – 54 Mbps.Mbps.BenefitsBenefits– User mobility User mobility – Installation speed & Installation speed &

flexibilityflexibility– ScalabilityScalability

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Your GatewayYour Gateway

The gateway connecting your home LAN The gateway connecting your home LAN to the Internet is normally done through ato the Internet is normally done through a– dial-up modemdial-up modem– DSL router/modemDSL router/modem– Cable router/modemCable router/modem

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#4 Remote Desktop#4 Remote Desktop

Remote desktop allows you to work on a Remote desktop allows you to work on a computer and view the screen as though computer and view the screen as though you are sitting right there even though you you are sitting right there even though you may be half a world away (like China)!may be half a world away (like China)!

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#4 Remote Desktop#4 Remote Desktop

Set your computer to allow remote access.Set your computer to allow remote access.– Right click on “My Computer” and select propertiesRight click on “My Computer” and select properties– Click on the “Remote” tab and check “Allow others to Click on the “Remote” tab and check “Allow others to

connect remotely to this computer”connect remotely to this computer”– Note: you must have an administrator account unless Note: you must have an administrator account unless

you specifically “Select Remote Users”you specifically “Select Remote Users”– Click “OK”Click “OK”– Note: You must have a static IP address or know what Note: You must have a static IP address or know what

the current IP address is for this machinethe current IP address is for this machine

Connect remotely to the machineConnect remotely to the machine– Start Start All ProgramsAll Programs Accessories Accessories

CommunicationsCommunications Remote Desktop Connection Remote Desktop Connection

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#4 Remote Desktop#4 Remote Desktop

You may also You may also – Print remotely or to your localPrint remotely or to your local printerprinter– Copy and past files between your remote desktop Copy and past files between your remote desktop

and your local machine and your local machine

Directions: when connecting click “Options>>”Directions: when connecting click “Options>>”– On the “Local “Resources” tab check “disk drives” On the “Local “Resources” tab check “disk drives”

and “printers”and “printers”– Then “Connect”Then “Connect”

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#5 Testing Connectivity#5 Testing Connectivity

PingPing

Tracert (trace route)Tracert (trace route)

IPCONFIG (to get your IP address)IPCONFIG (to get your IP address)

Demo with Internet connection

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#6 Visual Traces #6 Visual Traces

Visually traceVisually trace– How many hops to favorite URLsHow many hops to favorite URLs– Where fraudulant junkmail is coming from and Where fraudulant junkmail is coming from and

report itreport it– Who owns a particular IP addressWho owns a particular IP address

Some free trial products includeSome free trial products include– VisualRouteVisualRoute– Visual Visual WhoIsWhoIs– Aet_TracerAet_Tracer

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#7 Voice over IP #7 Voice over IP

Talk to family and friends across the Talk to family and friends across the country or across the world country or across the world freefree..– They must also have a computer running the They must also have a computer running the

same VoIP programsame VoIP program

Possible free software includes SkypePossible free software includes Skype– Download it at Download it at http://http://

www.skype.com/helloagain.htmlwww.skype.com/helloagain.html