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Languages of Computing
Alan Blackwell
CU Computer Laboratory
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Part 1
Languages for storing data
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Binary digits (bits)
= 1
= 0
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Bytes
0100000101101100 01100001 0110111000100000 01000010
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Encoding text
01000001 = “A”01101100 = “l”01100001 = “a”01101110 = “n”00100000 = “ ”01000010 = “B”etc …
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RAM chip(kilobytes (kb) = 1000’s of bytes)
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RAM circuit board (c.a. 1980)
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Magnetic drum storage
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Magnetic drum storage
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Magnetic tape storage
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5.25 inch floppy disk (200 kb)
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3.5 inch floppy disk
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Floppy disk drive
1.4 megabytes = 1.4 million bytes= 1,400,000 bytes= 1,400 kilobytes
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Hard disk drive (gigabytes)
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Hard disk drive (gigabytes)
400 gigabytes = 400 billion bytes= 400,000,000,000 bytes= 400,000,000 kilobytes= 400,000 megabytes
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External hard drive (terabytes)
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External hard drive (terabytes)
1 terabyte = 1 trillion bytes= 1,000,000,000,000 bytes= 1,000,000,000 kilobytes= 1,000,000 megabytes= 1,000 gigabytes
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CD-ROM (megabytes)
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DVD-ROM (4 gigabytes)
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SIM card (kilobytes)
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USB flash drive (8 gigabytes)
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Geek speak checklist
bit, byte, RAM kilobyte (kB) = 1,000 bytes megabyte (MB) = 1,000,000 bytes gigabyte (GB) = 1,000,000,000 bytes terabyte (TB) = 1,000,000,000,000
bytes ASCII
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Part 2
Types of data language
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Numbers
0 = 00000000
1 = 00000001
2 = 00000010
3 = 00000010
…
254 = 11111110
255 = 11111111
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Encoding colour
11001000(= 200 Red)
01100100(= 100 Green)
11001000(= 200 Blue)
110010000110010011001000
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Picture elements (pixels)
900 pixels(30 x 30)
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Compression
36,000 pixels (180 x 200)JPEG level 12 (high quality)
File size: 40 kB
36,000 pixels (180 x 200)JPEG level 0 (low quality)
File size: 14 kB
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Resolution
A 10 kPixel camera(100 x 100 greyscale)
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Encoding sound
0 | 0 | 237 | 10 | 56 | 235 | 12 | 3 | 45 | …
.WAV[e] file or (compressed) MP3
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Encoding programs
10100000 00000000 01000010 11101001 01001000
= MOV AX,0x0082E984H
or, “get the data at memory address 4385096”
(in the particular language of Intel microprocessors)
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Central Processor Unit
Once millionsof instructionsper second(MIPS)
Now, billionsof clock ticks per second(GigaHertz, GHz)
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Geek speak checklist
plain text resolution compression GIF, JPEG, MP3, WAV, MPEG ARM GigaHertz
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Part 3
Collecting and presenting data
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Input: Sound card
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Input: Flatbed scanner
1000 dpi (dots per inch)
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Input: Digital camera
4000 x 3000 = 12 Megapixels
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Input: Digital video camera
640 x 480 pixels (VGA)
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Input: Webcam
352 x 288 pixels (VGA)
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Output: Monitor
1024 x 768 pixels (XGA)
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Output: Printer
800 dpi (dots per inch)
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Output: Powered speakers
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Output: Data projector (“beamer”)
800 x 600 pixels (SVGA)
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Geek speak checklist
VGA, SVGA, XGA DPI
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Part 4
Internal communication
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Expansion RAM (SIMM)
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Part 5
External communication
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VGA/DVI Adapter (“Dongle”)
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RJ-11 connectors
Don’t confuse Ethernet and Phone!
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USB connector
No confusion possible – all peripherals are interchangeable!
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Practical exercises
HomeworkResearch into file sizesMarket research (Currys, Staples)Specify your own computer