Landscape Ecology Brief illustration
Jan 09, 2016
Landscape Ecology
Brief illustration
Landscape Ecology: HistoryLandscape Ecology: History
Milan RuzickaMilan Ruzicka1975 IALE1975 IALECzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia
Landscape Ecology has been energized by key contributions from Landscape Ecology has been energized by key contributions from landscape architects, landscape architects,
foresters, foresters, planners, planners, geographergeographers, s, artists, artists, environmentalists, environmentalists, philosophers…philosophers…
Inclusive rather than ExclusiveInclusive rather than Exclusive
Landscape ecology: what is it?Landscape ecology: what is it?
Landscape ecology is the study of spatial variation in landscapes at a variety of scales. It includes the biophysical and societal causes and consequences of landscape heterogeneity. Above all, it is broadly interdisciplinary.The conceptual and theoretical core of landscape ecology links natural sciences with related human disciplines.
On the official website of IALE, 2011http://www.landscape-ecology.org/
„„Geography“ periodGeography“ period
Where it is?Where it is? What this is?What this is? Look on the landscape at a time in great scaleLook on the landscape at a time in great scale Carl Troll, 1936, using air/born photo Carl Troll, 1936, using air/born photo
of landscape of landscape
LANDEP, Ruzicka, 1980, tools for landscape LANDEP, Ruzicka, 1980, tools for landscape planingplaning
„„THE“ periodTHE“ period
Zev NavehZev Naveh, , IsIsaaak Zoneveldak Zoneveld
1975 .....1980, 19901975 .....1980, 1990
geography, humanitygeography, humanity
explicity ecumenicalexplicity ecumenical
„„Do not draw boundaries around the field too Do not draw boundaries around the field too soon. Welcome to use the insight of all relaled soon. Welcome to use the insight of all relaled fields that chaose to build liknages“fields that chaose to build liknages“
Integration, THE, intedisciplinarity...
• Bridge between science and humanities (Zev Naveh)
Spatial periodSpatial period
Forman R.T.T. and Godron, M. 1986. Landscape Forman R.T.T. and Godron, M. 1986. Landscape Ecology.Ecology.
Mosaic patterns, process and changeMosaic patterns, process and change
Patch – corridor – matrix modelPatch – corridor – matrix model
LE offers methodologically opportunities for LE offers methodologically opportunities for reserch and theoryreserch and theory
LE spatially integrating people and natureLE spatially integrating people and nature
Balance between land-use and human cultureBalance between land-use and human culture
„„Out of human systOut of human systeem“ periodm“ period
J.I. Nassauer, R. G. H. Bunce, 1990J.I. Nassauer, R. G. H. Bunce, 1990
Spatial detailsSpatial details
ModelsModels
Landscape sociology period?
Advanced illustration
Shift towards landscape (and) sociology?
Landscape ecology
• Tools for better landscape planning• Balance between land-use and human culture• Filling societal demands• Societal demands ….carrying capacity• Landscape as narrative system• Landscape as valuable system itself
……landscape (and) sociology?landscape (and) sociology?
Spatial problems of landscape – no Spatial problems of landscape – no human phenomenonhuman phenomenon
Human as the other ecological factor – Human as the other ecological factor – external effectexternal effect
Human as demands system, aim, Human as demands system, aim, strategy – planstrategy – plannninging
Human as a system itself, culture, Human as a system itself, culture, perception, values perception, values – very rare in – very rare in landscape ecologylandscape ecology
Integration, THE, intedisciplinarity...Integration, THE, intedisciplinarity...
Proclamations and factsProclamations and facts
• Bridge between science and humanities (Zev Naveh)
Our Research: Our Research: MetodologyMetodology
Content analyses 1999-2008 Content analyses 1999-2008 leading LE journals leading LE journals Landscape EcologyLandscape Ecology::
Landscape EcologyLandscape Ecology Landscape and Urban PlanningLandscape and Urban Planning Ekológia (Bratislava)Ekológia (Bratislava)..
LE 708
LUP 930
Ekológia 890
Total 2528
articles, proceeding
papers, review articles
editorials, introductions, prefaces, perspective
s, comments,
replies
yes
no
MetodologyMetodology
We reviewed 2528 abstracts of scientific articles in LE We reviewed 2528 abstracts of scientific articles in LE and LUP journals. and LUP journals.
This number means all articles from the decade available This number means all articles from the decade available through Web of Science (LE) and Science Direct through Web of Science (LE) and Science Direct (LUP). (LUP).
Articles were divided into 3 groupsArticles were divided into 3 groups/categories/categories according according to the position of human to the position of human system system (Social, Natural(Social, Natural & & Technical management). All abstracts were read, not Technical management). All abstracts were read, not just checked according to keywordsjust checked according to keywords.. IIn Social group n Social group all full version of articles were reviewed. all full version of articles were reviewed.
CategoriesCategories
SocialSocial human system is an object of researchhuman system is an object of research
NT managementNT management for human, but human systfor human, but human systeem is not m is not
research objectresearch object NaturalNatural
human syshuman system tem is not an object of reserachis not an object of reserach
Results
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Landscape Ecology
přírodní
technické
sociální
Landscape Ecology Social
5%
NT mngmt
12%
Natural83%
Results
Landscape and Urban Planning
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
přírodní
technické
sociální
Landscape and Urban Planning
Social37%
NT mngmt30%
Natural33%
Results
Ekológia
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
přírodní
technické
sociální
Ekológia
8%
12%
80%
Results (%)
LE LUP Ekológia
Social 5,5 36,2 8,4NT mngm 11,9 30,3 11,5
Natural 82,6 33,4 80,1
LE LUP Ekológia
• While some other studies and reviews are focused on more criterias, i.e. Wiens (1992), Hobbs (1997) and Andersen (2008), we focused mainly on social system in landscape as primary research object, which requires connection with social sciences. From this point of view we can note that LUP has evidently better proportional concern on social aspects of landscape than LE, even higher than Antrop’s study shows (2001). Landscape Ecology, the house journal of IALE, doesn’t meet its proclamated role to be the bridge between nature and culture, between science and humanities. Analysis of our total sample of abstracts and articles shows Andersen’s (2008) conclusion about articles focusing on sociology in LE like overemphasized, maybe due to random sampling of 50 cases and classification of papers belonging to Social system following her very broad definition as „some aspect of sociology“.
• Results show that the real cooperation with social sciences (Golley, 1996), integrating humans into landscape ecology (Wu and Hobbs, 2002) and concept of Total Human Ecosystem (Naveh, 2000) are more proclamations and wishes than a real way of thinking among the group of landscape ecologists presenting their papers in the elite house journal of IALE. It looks like reductionism towards landscape science bears fruit.
• Isn´t it the right time for return to landscape ecology?
Discussion and conclusion
Conclusion I
patterns
patterns process
patterns
process changes
scale patterns – process - changes disturbances
disturbances
Conclusion II
Have humanities something valuable to offer to natural sciences?
• Isn’t landscape too cultural construct?
• Reduction of landscape to too scientific term without any cultural context.
Ecological realityEcological reality Social constructionSocial construction
Next presentation: Landscape as Next presentation: Landscape as nature - culture continuumnature - culture continuum
Sociological perspectivesSociological perspectives
oror
Final essay concerns the possible future Final essay concerns the possible future development of Landscape Sociology or development of Landscape Sociology or Landscape Studies in generalLandscape Studies in general