Landscape as concept and tool to integrate nature and culture values in spatial planning Per Angelstam et al.

Landscape as concept and tool to integrate nature and culture

values in spatial planning

Per Angelstam et al.

“Sustainable Development” and “Sustainability”

• Different dimensions– Economic– Social– Ecological variables– Cultural variables

• Act of balance – Performance targets in ecology (constraints)– Multi-level adaptive governance arrangement

• Top-down for territorial overview• Bottom-up to secure participation and collaboration

Nature values

Culture values

Silva

Saltus

Ager

Hortus

Domus

Policies about natural and cultural values at multiple levels

Level Policy

Global WSSD – World Summit on Sustainable Development (2002)IPCC - International Panel on Climate Change (2007)Millennium Declaration (2000) WHO - World Health Organization (2000) UNESCO World Heritage Convention (1992)Ramsar Convention on Wetlands (1971)

Europe and EU Natura 2000 (1979; 1992)EIA directives 1985; 1997Lisbon convention (1997)Landscape convention ELC (2000)Strategic environmental impact assessment (1992)EU Water Framework Directive (2000)

National The Environmental Code (1998)The Roads Act (1971)The Swedish Environmental Quality Objectives (1997)Public Health Objectives (2003)Heritage Act (1988) Plan and Building Act (1987)

Policy

Management in actual landscape

Governance(multi-level)

Evaluation(variables and targets)

Policy implementation process

Communication

Indicators + Targets

AssessmentComplex Simple

Actor Actor Actor

Narra-tive

Landscapes are social-ecological systems

Landscape and disciplines

Three landscape concepts

Defining indicators

• Themes– Composition– Structure– Function

• Spatial scales – Macro– Meso– Micro

Micro Meso Macro

Composition

Structure

Function

Defining indicators

• Themes– Composition– Structure– Function

• Spatial scales – Macro– Meso– Micro

Micro Meso Macro

Composition Plants Birds Mammals

Structure Road culvert Road corridor Road density

Function Mortality Disturbance Barrier effect

Assessment

Governance

INCLUDE’s four questions

1. What characterizes a sustainable landscape, and how can it be evaluated?

2. What are the critical impacts of infrastructure and traffic on environmental qualities, and are there critical limits in this impact?

3. How can this impact be assessed and communicated to users?

4. What are the remedies, and how can the planning process be improved

• Land use

• Biotic

• Abiotic

• Governance

• Culture

• Attitude

Framework: landscapes as social-ecological systems

Thresholds and restoration

Thresholds and restoration

Communicative learning

Spatial scale

Informal planning process

Formal planning process

Strategic Tactical Opera-tional

National

Regional

Local

Governance arrangement

LobbyingEducationSocial learningThink-tank

Spatial planning GIS models

EIA

SEA

Conclusions