Landsat Program Science Activities Polar Space Task Group – 4 Meeting, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD Larry Hothem Senior Physical Scientist USGS Land Remote Sensing Program September 30, 2014
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Landsat Program Science Activities
Polar Space Task Group 4 Meeting, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD
Larry Hothem
Senior Physical Scientist
USGS Land Remote Sensing Program
September 30, 2014
USGS Science Mission Areas
USGS Climate and Land Use Change http://www.usgs.gov/climate_landuse/
09.18.2013-Ryker 4
National Space Policy/USGS Responsibilities
The Secretary of the Interior, through the Director of the USGS, shall:
Conduct research on natural and human-induced changes to Earths land, land cover, and inland surface waters and manage a global land surface data national archive and its distribution;
Determine the operational requirements for collection, processing, archiving, and distribution of land surface data to the U.S. Government and other users; and
In support of these needs, the Director of the USGS and NASA Administrator shall work together in maintaining a program for operational remote sensing observations.
Landsat-8
Launch Date: February 11, 2013
Status: operational
Sensors: OLI and TIRS
Altitude: 705 km
Inclination: 98.2
Orbit: polar, sun-synchronous
Equatorial Crossing Time: nominally 10 AM ( 15 min.) local time (descending node)
Period of Revolution: 99 minutes; ~14.5 orbits/day
Repeat Coverage: 16 days
Landsat 8 Spacecraft Status
Batteries
Solar array Thermal Infrared Sensor
X-band System
Command & Data Handling System
Solid State Recorder
All systems good
Operational Land Imager
RF Communications
S-band System
Propulsion Subsystem Thermal Control System
Electrical Power System Attitude Control System
6 Landsat Science Team July 2014
09.18.2013-Ryker 7
USGS/NASA Landsat Partnership Since 1966
09.18.2013-Ryker 8
NASA/USGS Landsat Roles
NASA:
Develops sensors, satellites, and launches land imaging space systems
Co-chairs USGS-funded Landsat Science Team
Performs Earth-system measurements and research using land-image data
USGS:
Documents user land imaging requirements
Develops ground systems for land imaging space systems
Operates land imaging satellites
Collects, processes, archives and disseminates land-image data
Establishes global land-coverage acquisition strategy
Coordinates International Partner ground receiving station network
Distributes data and information products at no charge
Develops new data products and applications
Landsat Science Team (http://landsat.usgs.gov/science_LST_Team_Meetings.php)
Objective: Improve Landsat Data Quality, Quantity, and Uses
Team established: 2006 Sponsor: USGS and NASA Members: Scientists and engineers representing
academia, private industry, Federal agencies, and international organizations.
Team principal responsibility: Investigate issues critical to the success of the overall Landsat program
Measure of success: complete integration of Landsat 8 data with past, present, and future Landsat data for the purpose of monitoring global environmental systems.
Landsat Science Team
Recent Meetings: February 10-14, 2013 October 29-31 2013 July 22-24, 2014 Objectives: Review Landsat 7-8 and sustainable land imaging status Develop concepts and specific actions for making the
Landsat archive more science-relevant Identify Landsat science products that expand the
science and applications, and Develop plans to publish Landsat 8 evaluations and
applications results.
Landsat Standard Data Product
USGS Archive and Available Scenes
Landsat Search and Download
Landsat Processing Details
Using Landsat Data
Satellite and Sensor Information
Landsat MSS products now created with the LPGS processing system
LandsatLook Images
LPGS - Level 1 Product Generation System
Satellite Imagery Used in 2011
13
*Contains 1% or less from each of the following: AVHRR, CBERS, Envisat, EO-1, Formosat 2, RapidEye, Resourcesat-1/IRS, and other imagery.
Imagery Current Landsat users U.S. users International users
Landsat 64% 69% 62%
MODIS 8% 8% 8%
ASTER 6% 5% 6%
SPOT 4% 2% 5%
Quickbird 3% 3% 3%
IKONOS 2% 2% 2%
GeoEye-1 2% 2% 2%
WorldView-2 2% 2% 2%
ALOS 2% 1% 2%
Other* 7% 6% 4%
Total 100% 100% 100%
09.18.2013-Ryker 14
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Free data policy October 1, 2008
Increasing Demand for Free Landsat Data M
illi
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2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
LandsatLook Images (http://landsat.usgs.gov/LandsatLookImages.php)
Full resolution files that are included as options when downloading Landsat data from
EarthExplorer (http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov), GloVis (http://glovis.usgs.gov) or LandsatLook Viewer (http://landsatlook.usgs.gov)
Derived from Landsat Level 1 data products Images are useful for image selection and for visual
interpretation.
Algorithms applied to the images will cause minor local smoothing to the data values of the images
Should not affect interpretation of the images However, it is not recommended that they be used in digital
analysis.
Landsat Climate Data Records and Essential Climate Variables
The Landsat archive provides a record of observations from 1972 to the present.
Climate Data Record (CDR) - as defined by the National Research Council (NRC )
Time series of measurements with sufficient length, consistency, and continuity to identify climate variability and change.
Fundamental to the generation of Essential Climate Variables (EC V) as defined by the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS).
CDRs and ECVs Document changes to Earth's terrestrial environment Provide an authoritative basis for regional to continental scale
identification of historical change, monitoring current conditions, and helping to predict future scenarios
Impact of such changes can be used to understood and develop for implementation strategies for adaptation and mitigation can be
Cryospheric Applications of Landsat-8
Ted Scambos
Marin Klinger, Allen Pope, Mark Fahnestock,
G. Garrett Campbell, Robert Bindschadler
National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder Colorado
2014-07-23
Snow and Ice and the Landsat 8 bands
Melt
Lakes
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B. Markham / NASA GSFC / USGS EROS
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(Ted Scambos, U of Colorado)
Landsat 7 and 8 Bands
Thermal mapping of the East Antarctic interior in winter
Landsat Science Team Meeting, 29-31 October, 2013, Sioux Falls EROS
clouds or
blowing snow clear sky
Purple outlines are Landsat 8 acquisitions June-August 2013
MODIS LST minimum T, 2013 surface image with Landsat 8 B10 color scale BT
a
Landsat 8s Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) measures the coldest place on Earth
Temperatures from 134 to 137 F
in a 1,000-kilometer long swath on
the highest section of the East
Antarctic ice divide.
The measurements were made
between 2003-2013 by MODIS
and during the 2013 Southern
Hemisphere winter by Landsat 8.
Landsat 8 is still a new sensor,
but preliminary work shows its
ability to map the cold pockets in
detail, Scambos said. Its
showing how even small
hummocks stick up through the
cold air.
(Ted Scambos, U of Colorado)
Morphology of ice sheets and ice shelves (comparison of sensitivity to
past sensors)
Feature tracking w/ Landsat legacy comparison
Lake extent, depth, and volume in western Greenland / AP
Image differencing and sub-ice-sheet water movement
Photoclinometry / shape-from-shading at grounding line and interior
undulation
Thermal mapping of polar ice sheets, winter inversion layer, ocean SST
at the ice fronts.
Potential Landsat 8 Polar Studies
T. Scambos, Landsat Science Team Meeting, 22-23 July 2014
Landsat Image
Mosaic of Antarctica
(LIMA)
Landsat 7
2008
http://lima.usgs.gov/
Long-Term Acquisition Plan
Constraints
Landsat 7 Daily limit cons
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