LANDIS-II Workshop April 1, 2006. LANDIS-II Workshop Agenda 1.Introduction to LANDIS-II presentation 2.Tour of the Web Site 3.Downloading new extensions.

LANDIS-IILANDIS-IIWorkshopWorkshop

April 1, 2006April 1, 2006

LANDIS-II LANDIS-II Workshop AgendaWorkshop Agenda

1. Introduction to LANDIS-II presentation2. Tour of the Web Site3. Downloading new extensions4. Running the model5. Input validation6. Running multiple scenarios7. Viewing output8. Future Modifications

Forest Landscape Simulation ModelsSimulate change through time due to the interactions between succession and external drivers (e.g., disturbances or climate change) across a spatially extensive ecosystem.

Are used in conjunction with Scenarios configurations of alternate potential future

conditions examine management consequences understand process interactions a suite of discrete stories of forest change

Forest Landscape Simulation Models

Why Use Forest Landscape Models?

Provide projections of long-term (100 – 200 yrs) and broad-scale forest change.

Allows experimentation and comparisons between scenarios.

Tools for synthesizing data and models of smaller-scale processes.

Multi-disciplinary: incorporate concepts and theories from landscape, ecosystem, and community ecology.

Madison, Wisconsin

~1.5 million ha aspen-pines-

northern hardwoods

fragmented

LANDIS-II Example:

Interactions among climate change, fragmentation, and harvesting in northern Wisconsin.

LANDIS-II Example: Effects of insects on carbon storage and succession (NASA)

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Gypsy Moth DefoliatedNot Defoliated

MODIS seasonal profiles of 250m EVI for defoliated and undisturbed areas. Bars indicate 95% confidence intervals.

Gypsy Moth DefoliatedNot Defoliated

Julian Day

2000 2001

FORESTED LANDSCAPE

SPRUCE BUDWORMGYPSY MOTH

SPECIESESTABLISHMENT

LIVING BIOMASS

DEAD BIOMASS

NPP

Mortality

LANDIS-II Example: Effects of fire and nitrogen cycling in New Jersey Pine Barrens.

LANDIS-II Example: Climate change, harvesting options, and conservation implications in northern Minnesota (TNC).

LANDIS-II LANDIS-II

IntroductionIntroduction

LANDIS-IILANDIS-IIFeaturesFeatures

Stochastic disturbance events dependent upon

probabilities regeneration also probabilistic

Spatially Dynamic emphasis is on contagious processes:

dependent upon neighborhoods and landscape configuration

LANDIS-IILANDIS-IIFeaturesFeatures

Optimized for Large Landscapes spatially explicit and dynamic results can be viewed in a GIS

Spatial and Temporal Flexibility variable time steps for each process variable spatial resolution and extent

LANDIS-II: Forest Landscape SimulatorLANDIS-II: Forest Landscape Simulator

FORESTED LANDSCAPE

WINDTHROW

FIRE

HARVESTING

INSECTS / DISEASE

DISPERSALSPECIES

ESTABLISHMENT

AGEING &GROWTH (optional)

CLIMATE

AGE-RELATEDMORTALITY

LANDIS-II IntroductionLANDIS-II Introduction

LANDIS simulates succession, seed dispersal, harvesting, and other natural disturbances.

LandscapeSites

EcoregionsHomogeneous soils

and climate

Dynamic community composition

LANDIS-II IntroductionLANDIS-II Introduction

Question: How to represent trees?

Problem: At broad scales, we cannot represent individual trees.

Solution: Aggregate individuals into SPECIES and AGE cohorts.

Example:

Actual site 10 year species and age cohorts

Sugar maple ages: Sugar maple cohorts:2,3,16,89,112 1-10, 11-20, 81-90, 111-120

Hemlock ages: Hemlock cohorts:6,8,24,56,225 1-10, 21-30, 51-60, 221-230

LANDIS-II IntroductionLANDIS-II Introduction

Why Species and Age?

LANDIS is founded on the principle of vital attributes (Noble and Slatyer 1980).

Vital attributes are the unique life history characteristics of each species.

Vital attributes define how a species will respond to disturbance and competition.

Examples include: shade tolerance, longevitylongevity, fire tolerance, seed production ageseed production age, seed dispersal distances, etc.

LANDIS-II IntroductionLANDIS-II Introduction

Species and Age Cohorts:1. Tree species cohorts defined by age2. Cohort age ranges are flexible 3. Multiple cohorts at each site, multiple cohorts

for each species.

Species

Age range

An abstract cohort

Acer rubrum

21-30 years old

An example cohort

LANDIS-II IntroductionLANDIS-II Introduction

Species and Age Cohorts:1. Can be extended to include quantitative data2. Example: Cohorts with aboveground biomass.

Species

Age range

Biomass

An abstract cohort

Acer rubrum

21-30 years old

5 Mg ha-1

An example cohort

LANDIS-II IntroductionLANDIS-II Introduction

LANDIS-II has a Core and many extensions.

Extensions contain the ecological processes - succession and disturbances.

There can be many different extensions for each process - different questions, different extensions.

Extensions are designed to be shared and modified. Ours will be open source.

Many disturbance types possible.

Landscape Site Data

Ecoregion Data

Species CohortsOther site data:- Time since fire- Leaf litter & fine

woody debris- Coarse woody

debris

- Disturbance regimes- Growth, decomposition, establishment

Species Cohorts:Minimally Includes: Species ID + AgeCan Include: Aboveground Live Biomass, Density, Diameter, etc.

LANDIS-II CoreLANDIS-II Core

`

SpeciesData

Life History or Physiological Data:- Shade Tolerance- Fire Tolerance - Maturity Age- Longevity

spp2 5 … 0.5…sppN x … z

DisturbanceExtensions

Each disturbance can also define and have its own data:

• Unique Set of Ecoregions

• Additional Species Data

• Additional Site Data

LANDIS-II ExtensionsLANDIS-II Extensions

SuccessionExtensions

Defines what type of cohort will be used.

Determines how site-level light is calculated.

Manages reproduction.

OutputExtensions

Summarizes data into useful outputs.

Does not alter the landscape or sites in any way.

LANDIS-II Flexible ArchitectureLANDIS-II Flexible Architecture

Example Scenario of Example Scenario of User InteractionsUser Interactions

LANDIS-II Core and

Extensions Interactions

SuccessionExtension

FireExtension

WindExtension

The User downloads extensions (‘plug-ins’) from the LANDIS-II web site

Main Module

Landscape ModuleSiteLandscape

Shared Data

SpeciesModule

EcoregionModule

LANDIS-IILANDIS-IICoreCore

OtherModules

User Computer

LANDIS-II Core and

Extensions Interactions

SuccessionExtension

FireExtension

WindExtension

The User indicates which extensions to use

Each extension has its owntime step, determined by the User.

Main Module

Landscape ModuleSiteLandscape

Shared Data

SpeciesModule

EcoregionModule

LANDIS-IILANDIS-IICoreCore

OtherModules

Main Module

Landscape ModuleSiteLandscape

Shared Data

SpeciesModule

EcoregionModule

LANDIS-IILANDIS-IICoreCore

OtherModules

SuccessionExtension

FireExtension

These data are shared with other extensions.

Examples include: time since last fire, dead biomass, etc.

Each extension defines its own site variables.

WindExtension

Main Module

Landscape ModuleSiteLandscape

Shared Data

SpeciesModule

EcoregionModule

LANDIS-IILANDIS-IICoreCore

OtherModules

LANDIS-II Core and Extensions Interactions

SuccessionExtension

FireExtension

Each extension can also addspecies or ecoregion data.

WindExtension

Main Module

Landscape ModuleSiteLandscape

Shared Data

SpeciesModule

EcoregionModule

LANDIS-IILANDIS-IICoreCore

OtherModules

LANDIS-II Core and Extensions Interactions

SuccessionExtension

FireExtension

Main Module determines the order and executes succession, disturbance, and output.

WindExtension

LANDIS-II LANDIS-II Variable Time StepsVariable Time Steps

Variable Time StepsVariable Time Steps

Each extension (‘plug-in’) operates at its own time step, from 1 - 100+ years.

Extension types: succession disturbance output

Species cohorts match the succession time step. For example: If succession = 20 yrs, then cohorts = 1 - 20, 21 - 40, 41 - 60 yrs and so on.

Variable Time StepsVariable Time Steps

Each extension operates at its own time step.

For example: Succession every 10 yearsFire every 3 yearsOutput every 5 years

1. The Main Module (MM) operates at an annual time step.

2. Every year, MM checks whether each module need to run.

3. Some modules (e.g. fire) will only alter a sub-set of sites.

Variable Time StepsVariable Time StepsExample: a single site Succession (S) every 10 yearsFire (F) every 3 yearsOutput (O) every 5 years

timeIf a disturbance alters a site, reproduction occurs at that site (add C2).

C1 aged into age class 11-20.C2 (7 yrs old) are placed into age class 1-10 yr.

New cohorts (C1) added to age class 1-10.

Variable Time StepsVariable Time StepsExample: a single site Succession (S) every 10 yearsFire (F) every 3 yearsOutput (O) every 5 years

timeDisturbance alters a site, reproduction occurs (add C2).

C1 aged into age class 11-20.

C2 (7 yrs old) and C3 (4 yrs old) are combined

into age class 1-10 yr.

New cohorts (C1) added to age class 1-10.

Disturbance @ year 6:Incorporates presence of C2.Reproduction occurs (add C3).

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LAKE

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MANITOBA

ONTARIO

MINNESOTAN. DAKOTA

WINNIPEG

CANADA

USA

VariableTime StepsExample:

Manitoba ModelForest

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Variable Time Steps Example:Manitoba Model Forest

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Lowland black spruce

Upland black spruce

Jack pine

Balsam poplar

Big-toothed aspen

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Variable Time Steps Example:Manitoba Model Forest

LANDIS-II LANDIS-II Workshop AgendaWorkshop Agenda

1. Introduction to LANDIS-II presentation2. Tour of the Web Site3. Running the model4. Input validation5. Running multiple scenarios6. Viewing output7. Calibrating fire rotation periods8. Future Modifications

LANDIS-II LANDIS-II Future ModificationsFuture Modifications

1. Dependent Upon User Feedback!

2. Insect extension now available3. Harvesting soon4. Version 5.1 with biomass and downloadable

extensions soon5. New input/output formats