Top Banner
crust The crust is the thinnest layer of the Earth's structure. It is composed mainly of basalt and granite, which are igneous rocks. The crust is made of vast slabs of rock known as "plates."
37
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Page 1: Landform Notes

crust

The crust is the thinnest layer of the Earth's structure. It is composed mainly of basalt and granite, which are igneous rocks. The crust is made of vast slabs of rock known as "plates."

Page 2: Landform Notes

mantel

The mantle is the thickest layer of the Earth's structure at around 1,450 miles.Most of it is molten rock, but nearer the surface of the Earth it solidifies.

Page 3: Landform Notes

outer core

The outer core is liquid and is thought to be made mainly of iron and nickel.The Earth's magnetism is caused by the inner and outer cores.

Page 4: Landform Notes

inner coreThe inner core can be described as a solid ball.It is thought to be made mainly of iron and nickel.Even though temps can exceed 5,000 degrees, the inner core remains solid because of the extremely high pressure.

Page 5: Landform Notes
Page 6: Landform Notes

Converge is a large word that scientists use to describe two objects that come together. In the case of plate tectonics, the two objects coming together are large plate-like pieces of the Earth’s crust. As these two plates push against each other, one is ultimately forced down beneath the other.

Page 7: Landform Notes
Page 8: Landform Notes

Our first evidence of tectonic motion is based on similar fossils and rock types on opposing sides of the ocean

Page 9: Landform Notes
Page 10: Landform Notes
Page 11: Landform Notes
Page 12: Landform Notes
Page 13: Landform Notes
Page 14: Landform Notes
Page 15: Landform Notes

Introduction to Erosions

The earth's surface is constantly being worn away by a process called weathering.

http://www.cosmicpair.com/Rock_Matrix/Erosion_files/shapeimage_1.jpg

Page 16: Landform Notes

Physical Weathering is the mechanical

breaking down of rocks.

What are some examples of how this happens?

Page 17: Landform Notes

WIND

http://www.nycaudubon.org/takeaction/local/photos/Plumb_Beach_Wind_Erosion.jpg

Page 18: Landform Notes

WIND EROSION & DEPOSITION

Sand is formed by the breaking down of rocks over long periods of time.

Abrasion is the grinding away of a surface by wind-blown sediments.

Very fine-grained sediment deposited by wind is called loess.

Page 19: Landform Notes

DUNES

Dunes are mounds of wind-deposited sand.

Dunes begin to form where obstacles slow wind energy.

Page 20: Landform Notes

RAIN

http://www.ngsprints.co.uk/images/M/696695.jpg

PRECIPITATION

Page 21: Landform Notes

SHORELINES

A shoreline is where land meets a body of water.

Wave-cut terraces form when waves erode a sea cliff, forming a nearly level platform at water level.

SHORELINE FEATURES

Sea cliffs have very steep slopes and form when waves erode and undercut rock.

Headlands are areas of resistant rock that extend into the water.

Page 22: Landform Notes

Sea arches form when waves erode through a sea cave.

Sea stacks form when waves erode away the top of a sea arch.

Sea caves form when waves erode deep holes into the weaker rock of a cliff.

Page 23: Landform Notes

PLANTS

C:\Documents and Settings\lormartr\Local Settings\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\L15HMWAI\46_plant_on_rock[1].jpg

Page 24: Landform Notes

Alpine glaciers carve out rugged landscapes.

Glaciers flow on a layer of water, ice melted by the pressure of the glacier’s weight.

The top flows faster than the bottom, creating crevasses.

A glacier is a huge mass of accumulated ice and snow that moves due to gravity.

Page 25: Landform Notes
Page 26: Landform Notes
Page 27: Landform Notes

ARETES

MORAINES

HORN

CIRQUE

GLACIAL LANDFORMS

Page 28: Landform Notes

Terminal moraine

Terminal moraine

The front of a glacier which contain massive amounts of sediment.

Page 29: Landform Notes

MASS MOVEMENT

The movement of rock, soil or snow downslope due to gravity.

Angle of repose is the steepest slope that material remains stable.

This angle depends on the type of material, characteristics of the underlying surface, and the level of moisture.

Adding water to a stable slope can make it unstable.

Page 30: Landform Notes

RAPID MASS MOVEMENT

Rock fall

Mudflow

Avalanche

Lahar

Page 31: Landform Notes

SLOW MASS MOVEMENT

Slow mass movement can occur over days, weeks or yearsand can be identified by bending trees, fences and roads.

Creep

Page 32: Landform Notes

erosion - gradual change in landforms through wearing away of soil and rock caused by wind, water, or some other natural force.

Erosion caused by water; millions of years ago before the Grand Canyon was formed, the Colorado River was a quiet river streaming through the land.

Imagine that the river started up here!

Believe it or not, this rock formation resulted from wind erosion. Smaller, lighter chunks of rock broke off and blew away until this formation was all that remained.

glacier

glacial erosion

Page 33: Landform Notes

Chemical Weathering is the process that breaks

down rocks by changing their chemical composition.

What are some examples of how this happens?

Page 34: Landform Notes

http://www.supergreenme.com/data/images/11/acid_rain.jpg

ACID RAIN

Page 35: Landform Notes

http://image24.webshots.com/24/2/88/78/37628878kbQOJQ_fs.jpg

LICHENS

Page 36: Landform Notes

http://www.dorlingkindersley-uk.co.uk/static/clipart/uk/dk/sci_earth/image_sci_earth051.jpg

ACIDIC WATER

Page 37: Landform Notes

http://www.kented.org.uk/ngfl/subjects/geography/rivers/images/erosion%20picture%201a.jpg

Evidence of Erosion

What are some clues that erosion has occurred

in this picture?

Move rectangles to reveal the answers.