Landfill Project

8/9/2019 Landfill Project

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CDM Executive Board Page 1

PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM

FOR SMALL-SCALE CDM PROJECT ACTIVITIES (F-CDM-SSC-PDD)Version 04.1

PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT (PDD)

Title of the project activity Landfill Closure and Gas capture CDM project by GAIL

at Ghazipur, India

Version number of the PDD 01

Completion date of the PDD 14/11/2012

Project participant(s) GAIL (India) Limited

Host Party(ies) India

Sectoral scope(s) and selectedmethodology(ies)

Sectoral Scope 13: Waste Handling and DisposalAMS-III.G: Landfill Methane Recovery, version 08and,

Sectoral Scope 7: TransportIII.AQ: Introduction of Bio-CNG in transportationapplication, Version 01

Estimated amount of annual average

GHG emission reductions

22,306 tCO2e


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SECTION A.Description of project activity

A.1.Purpose and general description of project activity

The purpose of the proposed CDM project activity is to collect the landfill gas (LFG) generated atGhazipur landfill site in eastern part of Delhi, India and upgrading it into enriched Btu Natural Gas to useit as a renewable source of energy as Compressed Natural Gas (CNG). This is one of the pioneering

efforts undertaken in the sector and the successful implementation and operation of the project wouldshowcase utilization of LFG as CNG in India and also reduction in GHG emissions in atmosphere.

The area earmarked for the project is approximately 15% of the total surface area of the Ghazipur landfillsite confined with waste. The accumulated waste quantity on the earmarked site is around 0.9 millioncu.m and the total accumulated waste on the entire Ghazipur landfill sites is around 4.5 million cu.m.

Currently the solid waste disposal site is without any landfill gas collection system and consequently thereis an unabated emission of methane gas into the atmosphere, before the subject project is undertaken.

Scenario Existing Prior to the Project ActivityCurrently, the waste generated in the city of Delhi is land disposed and leveled by bulldozers at theexisting Solid Waste Disposal Site (SWDS) without any treatment causing a number of environmental &

health hazards including unabated emission of landfill gas to the atmosphere. Thus, the common practiceis open dumping of waste without any measures to avoid methane emissions (also the baseline scenario).

In the absence of the project activity, the waste was being disposed at the existing Solid Waste DisposalSite (SWDS) located at Ghazipur in Eastern Delhi. The disposal site is operational since 1984 and has

been receiving waste till date. The baseline scenario is same as scenario existing prior to the projectactivity.

Contribution to reduction in GHG emissions by the proposed project activityThe proposed project activity will lead to significant CO 2

Abatement of methane emissions through LFG collection and combustion/flareemission reductions by two ways:

Purification of LFG for ultimate production of CNG to substitute fossil fuel consumption whichleads to reduction in both CO2

The average annual emission reductions over a period of 10 years have been estimated as 22,306tCO

emission and improve the air quality.

2eper annum.

Contribution to sustainable development by the project activity:

1. The nuisance of unpleasant odour;

Environmental Benefits:

The implementation of the project at the Ghazipur solid waste disposal site will create additionalenvironmental improvements and make a positive contribution to the global issue of climate change by

reducing GHGs. The project will prevent the following risks associated with the landfill gas:

2. Air pollution3. Discharge of untreated leachate into adjoining water bodies;4. Risk of fire; and5. Risk of explosion.

The proposed project, being first of its kind in India, will demonstrate conversion of captured LFG toCNG and will allow for replicating such experience in the country. The Project Activity will involve a

Technology Transfer:


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significant transfer of state-of-the-art technology and knowhow. As a part of its R&D activities, GAIL hasidentified and selected purification & conversion of landfill gas to CNG among various possible

alternative utilization of LFG. The Ghazipur project is the pilot project for execution of this concept inIndia.

Besides improving the overall management of the landfill, the project will support efforts aimed atfacilitating the dissemination of design and operational experience gained at the project area for possible

use throughout the entire Ghazipur disposal site as well as in other regions of the country. The project willact as a clean technology demonstration project, encouraging development of modern and more efficientutilization of landfill gas.

Economic Benefits:

The project will also support economic development due to technology transfer and local employmentopportunities.

The implementation of project would create direct and indirect jobs. Staff will be required to carry out theclosure activity as well as operate and maintain the landfill gas extraction, collection, cleaning andsubsequent conversion to CNG. The staff will be trained in advanced landfill gas-extraction, collection,

purification &operation techniques in order to optimize the landfill gas collection& purification system ondaily basis. In addition, contractors and labourers will be needed for the construction and commissioningof the project.

Also, the sale of CERs earned by implementing the project will generate a substantial flow of foreign

currency in India.

A.2.Location of project activity

Social Benefits

Since the landfill is situated near residential area, the project will improve the aesthetic conditions nearthe site due to transformation of waste dump into scientifically managed landfill and green area. Surface

cover of the landfill would prevent the occurrence of problems such as foul odour, health hazardsassociated with emission of methane and breeding of flies and rodents. The scattering of waste by windwill also be reduced as the landfill will be closed. This would improve the public health by reducing the

occurrences of respiratory related ailments etc.

A.2.1.Host Party(ies)

India

A.2.2.Region/State/Provinceetc.

Delhi

A.2.3.City/Town/Community etc.

Ghazipur, Delhi

A.2.4.Physical/ Geographical location

The physical coordinates of the Ghazipur disposal site are as follows:Latitude: 2803722.4North and


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Longitude: 7701925.7

Figure: Project Location

East

The proposed site is accessible from National Highway-24 via Ghazipur Road running parallel toGhazipur drain. The Kondli road is connected to 7.0 meter wide road facing the proposed site and

Ghazipur Dairy farm. Shahdara and Nizamuddin Railway station lie at a distance of 6.9 and 7.6 kmsrespectively from the proposed project site. The nearest airport is the Indira Gandhi International airportat a distance of about 23 km from the site. The total waste dumped area is 29.6 ha out of which about

15% area is earmarked for project implementation.

A.3.Technologies and/or measures

Design of gas collection system1

The area allotted for the Pilot project has to be scientifically closed to capture and to accelerate the

extraction of the LFG generated in the confined waste. The activities performed along with closureincludes slope reformation and waste leveling; provision of surface cover; landfill gas collection &

1Detailed Feasibility and Project Report: Landfill Gas Recovery Ghazipur, Delhi


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management system; leachate collection & management system; surface runoff management system; andprovision of other infrastructure facilities.

Engineered slopes with gradient of 1V:2H to 1V:3H have been proposed for maintaining the stability of

the slope as well as for installation LFG extraction wells. Over the final finished profile of the fill (i.e., onthe top and side slopes), a cover layer will be provided.

The cover layer for the project has been designed to maximize surface drainage, minimize air & waterinfiltration there by allow for fully controlled and maximum recovery of landfill gas. Cover layerproposed for the closure include following components:

Vegetative layer of topsoil of 45 cm thickness as the top most layer; LFG collection layer of granular soil, permeability coefficient (k) > than 10-2

Drainage composite layer of 6 mm thickness below the LFG collection layer;

cm/sec, 15 cm

thickness, below the top soil for LFG collection pipe network;

Textured HDPE liner of 1.5 mm thick below drainage layer to act as a waterproof layer and also

prevent the escape of landfill gas from the landfill into the atmosphere; Protection layer of amended soil (20cm) below the liner to safeguard against any infiltration.

For landfill gas collection, it is proposed to install a gas collection network comprising of adequate

number of gas collection wells with inter connected header and feeder pipes, blower to provideadequate suction pressure and condensate control system.

The proposed leachate management system comprise of pneumatically operated leachate pump

submerged in each alternate gas extraction well for extracting leachate and leachate collection networkwith leachate recirculation system.

Design for Conversion of LFG to CNG

1

Landfill gas is primarily composed of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) with smaller amounts of

hydrogen sulphide (H2S).Thus the LFG can be upgraded to enriched Btu natural gas by purification..

The process for conversion of LFG to enriched natural gas comprises of following three stages viz(i) extraction of landfill gas; (ii) Purification and cleaning of landfill gas to convert it to high Btu

natural gas; and (iii) Compression & utilization of natural gas as CNG.

The system will also include a flare station. The flare has been proposed for safe and emergencyrelease/disposal of landfill gasin case of power and equipment failures, to handle abrupt changes in thequality and flow rate of the LFG and also for destruction of excess and normal LFG when LFG to CNGpurification unit is not working.. For flaring landfill gas, minimum residence time of 0.3 seconds at

10000

C has been proposed. The operating temperature of the proposed flare should be above the auto-ignition temperature of the LFG. CH4 auto ignites at 540-760

oC (1000-1400oF), thus a minimum

operating temperature of 760oC (1400oF) have been specified.

The LFG extracted and collected from the landfill needs to be further purified and cleaned for conversion

to enriched Btu natural gas and compressed to use it as CNG. The key components that need to beremoved from LFG to convert it to CNG include H2S, CO2, particulates, Siloxane and moisture.Established cleaning technologies are available for removal of each of the foresaid components from

LFG. For this project, Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) System for Conversion of LFG to CNG1quality gas has been proposed to be used for cleaning and purifying the LFG. Landfill gas flow rateconsidered for design of gas cleaning system is 300-600 m3/hour. The system with multistage stage

compressor has been proposed to compress the purified LFG obtained from the gas cleaning system to

CNG. The compressed natural gas will be transported to the CNG station through mobile cascades.


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Pressure Swing Adsorption

This technology is used to separate methane from carbon dioxide, oxygen nitrogen and hydrogen sulphidein the LFG/biogas stream by the difference of sizes of the molecules and physical forces. It often uses

activated carbon or zeolites as adsorption material, and operates at different pressure levels in four stages:adsorption, de-pressuring, regeneration and pressure build-up as is shown in figure 4.3.1

Figure 4.3.1: Pressure Swing Adsorption2

A.4.Parties and project participants

In the baseline scenario, the waste would have been disposed into the existing landfill site without any

LFG collection and utilization system (business-as-usual scenario)

Party involved

(host) indicates a host Party

Private and/or public

entity(ies) project participants

(as applicable)

Indicate if the Party involved

wishes to be considered as

project participant (Yes/No)

India (host) GAIL (India) Ltd. PublicSector Undertaking

No

A.5.Public funding of project activity

No public funding is involved in the project activity

A.6.Debundling for project activity

Debundling is defined as the fragmentation of a large project activity into smaller parts. A small-scale

project activity that is part of a large project activity is not eligible to use the simplified modalities andprocedures for small-scale CDM project activities. As per the requirements of Determining theoccurrence of debundling as given in Appendix C of the Simplified Modalities and Procedures for

Small-Scale CDM project activities, A proposed small-scale project activity shall be deemed to be adebundled component of a large project activity if there is a registered small-scale CDM project activityor an application to register another small-scale CDM project activity:

2Cited by Persson, Margaretta (2003).Evaluation of Upgrading Techniques for Biogas.Malm, Sweden: Swedish

Gas Centre


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- With the same project participants;

- In the same project category and technology/measure; and

- Registered within the previous 2 years; and

- Whose project boundary is within 1 km of the project boundary of the proposed small-scale activity at

the closest point.

The project participant has not registered any project of same technology for CDM activities and has no

project of same nature in nearby area (within 1 Km). Therefore, it satisfies all conditions listed inAppendix C to the simplified Modalities and Procedures (M&P) for the small scale CDM projectactivities.

SECTION B.Application of selected approved baseline and monitoring methodology

B.1.Reference of methodology

According to Appendix B to the simplified modalities and procedures for small-scale CDM project

activities, the proposed project activity falls under the following type and category.

Project Type: Type III Other Project ActivitiesCategory: III.G Landfill Methane Recovery and III.AQ-Introduction of Bio-CNG in transportationapplication

Reference:AMS-III.G., Version 8.0, EB 69 and AMS-III.AQ, Version 1.0, EB 58

Tools referred:

Emissions from solid waste disposal sites, version 06.0.1, Annex 46, EB 66

Project Emissions from flaring, Version 2.0.0, Annex 15, EB 68

Tool to calculate project or leakage CO 2

Tool to calculate baseline, project and/or leakage emissions from electricity consumption, version01, Annex 7, EB 39

emissions from fossil fuel combustion, version 02,

Annex 11, EB 41

As per AMS-III.G, Different options to utilize the recovered landfill gas as detailed in paragraph 3 ofAMS III.H Methane recovery in wastewater treatment (version 16) are eligible for use under thismethodology. The relevant procedures in AMS-III.H shall be followed in this regard.

The project activity falls under the category of para 3(e) since the recovered biogas from the abovemeasures may also be utilized for the following applications apart from combustion/flaring: Use as fuel in

transportation applications after upgrading.

According to para 11 of AMS-III.H, If the recovered biogas is used for project activities covered underparagraph 3 (e), that component of the project activity shall use corresponding methodology AMS-III.AQIntroduction of Bio-CNG in road transportation, version 1.0.

B.2.Project activity eligibility

The methodology AMS-III.G and AMS-III.AQ are applicable to this small scale CDM project activitysince all the requirements set by the methodology are fulfilled here:

Applicability conditions as per methodology Project activity meets the eligibility criteria as

follows

AMS III. G, version 8This methodology comprises measures to capture Applicable and Fulfilled


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and combust methane from landfills (i.e. solidwaste disposal sites) used for disposal of residues

from human activities including municipal,industrial, and other solid wastes containing

biodegradable organic matter.

The project activity is located at Ghazipur disposalsite which is in operation since the year 1984 as a

municipal solid waste disposal site.

Different options to utilize the recovered landfillgas as detailed in paragraph 3 of AMS-III.H

Methane recovery in wastewatertreatment(version 16) are eligible for use underthis methodology. The relevant procedures in

AMS-III.H shall be followed in this regard.

Applicable and FulfilledThe option 3(e)has been selected which is Use of

the recovered gas as fuel in transportation

applications after upgradingas indicated by themethodology AMS III.H, for the option 3(e),

methodology AMS III.AQ is being followed

Measures are limited to those that result inaggregate emission reductions of less than or equal

to 60 kt CO2equivalent annually from all Type IIIcomponents of the project activity.

Applicable and FulfilledThe emission reductions from the project in any of

the year are below the limit of 60 ktCO 2e annuallyand thus the project activity fulfils theseapplicability criteria.

The proposed project activity does not reduce theamount of organic waste that would have been

recycled in the absence of the project activity.

Applicable and fulfilledThe project activity involves only the collection of

landfill gas from waste disposal site. There is noalteration to waste composition as a result of thisproject activity. The project activity fulfils the

eligibility criteria

This methodology is not applicable if themanagement of the Solid Waste Disposal Site

(SWDS) in the project activity is deliberatelychanged in order to increase methane generationcompared to the situation prior to the

implementation of the project activity (e.g. otherthan to meet a technical or regulatory requirement).Such changes may include, for example, the

addition of liquids to a SWDS, pre-treating wasteto seed it with bacteria for the purpose of

increasing the rate of anaerobic degradation of theSWDS or changing the shape of the SWDS toincrease methane production.

Not applicable

The aim of the project activity is to capture thealready emitting methane/landfill gas from thedisposal site and utilizing it for conversion into

natural gas CNG. In the absence of the projectactivity the waste in the dumpsite is left to naturallydecompose without the intervention of any

technical or regulatory requirement.

AMS III.AQ, version 1.0

This methodology comprises activities for

production of Biogenic Compressed Natural Gas(Bio-CNG) from renewable biomass 3 including

waste organic matters to be used in transportationapplications. The crops from renewable biomassorigin used for production of the Bio-CNG should

be sourced from dedicated plantations.

The project activity uses recovered landfill gas

from disposal of municipal solid waste to upgradeit into CNG which would be used as transportationfuel. The source ismunicipal solid waste which is arenewable biomass

Applicable and Fulfilled

4

The project activity involves installation andoperation of Bio-CNG plant that includes

Anaerobic digester(s) to produce and recoverbiogas;Biogas treatment system that includesprocessing, purification and compression of the

Applicable and FulfilledThe project activity involves installation of LFG

(biogas) treatment system that includes purificationand compression of LFG to convert it into CNGwith enriched Btu.

3 As per the definition of renewable biomass provided in Annex 18, EB 23.4http://cdm.unfccc.int/EB/023/eb23_repan18.pdf
http://cdm.unfccc.int/EB/023/eb23_repan18.pdfhttp://cdm.unfccc.int/EB/023/eb23_repan18.pdfhttp://cdm.unfccc.int/EB/023/eb23_repan18.pdfhttp://cdm.unfccc.int/EB/023/eb23_repan18.pdf


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biogas to obtain up-graded biogas such thatmethane content, its quality and the physical and

chemical properties are equivalent to the CNG;Filling stations, storage and transportation.

This methodology covers the use of Bio-CNG invarious types of transportation applications such asCompressed Natural Gas (CNG) vehicles, modifiedgasoline vehicles. Examples include buses, trucks,

three-wheeler, cars, jeeps, etc.

Applicable and FulfilledThe project activity is ultimately aimed atproducing CNG for use as transportation fuel.

This methodology is applicable if the methane

content of the upgraded biogas is in accordancewith relevant national regulations and in their

absence a minimum of 96% (by volume).

Applicable and FulfilledThe methane content in upgraded gas will be in linewith applicable regulations. According to EPCA

report, minimum 87% (Vol%) methane is to bepresent in CNG. The project activity fulfills this

requirement as the Project Participant i.e. GAILaims to achieve at least 90 %(Vol%) methane in theCNG produced by the project activity.

The following conditions have to be met only if the

feedstock for production of the Bio-CNG isrenewable biomass cultivated at dedicatedplantations.

Not ApplicableThis condition is not applicable since projectactivity does not involve dedicated plantation.

The retailers, final users (where applicable) and theproducer of the CNG are bound by a contract thatstates that the final consumers and retailers shall

not claim emission reductions resulting from itsconsumption. Only the producer of the Bio-CNG

can claim emission reductions under thismethodology.

Applicable and FulfilledThe emission reductions resulting from projectactivity will only be claimed by producer of CNG

(GAIL) and will not be claimed by retailer or finaluser. An agreement will be made between GAIL

and CNG distribution facility in this regard.

The export of Bio-CNG produced under this

methodology is not allowed.Not ApplicableThere will be no export of CNG, it will be used fortransportation purpose within Delhi.

The digested residue waste leaving the reactor shall

be handled aerobically and submitted to soilapplication, the proper procedures and conditionsnot resulting in the methane emissions shall be

ensured; otherwise the emissions shall be taken intoaccount as per relevant procedures of AMS-III.AO.

Not ApplicableThere would be no residue waste as the source forCNG will be gas from landfill which will becaptured, purified and compressed to obtain the

required product

Measures are limited to those that result inemission reduction of less than or equal to 60 ktCO2 equivalent annually. Where applicable the sum

of the emission reductions from all Type IIIcomponents of a project activity should complywith 60 kt CO2 equivalent annually.

Applicable and FulfilledThe emission reductions from the project in any ofthe year are below the limit of 60 ktCO 2e annually

and thus the project activity fulfils theseapplicability criteria.

B.3.Project boundary

According to AMS III.G the project boundary is the physical, geographical site of the landfill where thegas is captured and destroyed or used. According to AMS III.AQ project boundary is the spatial extentthat encompasses the bio-CNG plant, transportation from the CNG plant to CNG filling station where it

is used by the final consumers and the land from where the waste organic matters for the production ofBio-CNG is sourced.


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In the present project activity the CNG production plant will be located at the site of landfill gas

collection. So the project boundary will include the land area allocated for this project activity within theGhazipur solid waste disposal site, bio-CNG plant and the transportation of the CNG to the filling

stations.

Landfill gas collection

Flaring

PSA

CNG Compressor

Transportation systemto gas stations

End users

ProjectBoundary

Feed Gas Compressor

Tail gasPure gas

Emer enc

LEGEND:

Flow Meter


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B.4.Establishment and description of baseline scenario

According to AMS III.G, The baseline scenario is the situation where, in the absence of the project

activity, biomass and other organic matter are left to decay within the project boundary and methane isemitted to the atmosphere.

Currently, all the methane generated at the Ghazipur disposal site due to the decomposition of municipalsolid wastes is emitted into the atmosphere.

The implementation of the project activity will reduce the emission of methane into air from the landfillarea earmarked for the project activity. By capturing and destroying LFG gas through flaring and/ orproduction of CNG resulting in destruction of methane and thus prevents the emission of methane which

is a much potent GHG than CO2.

LFG 1: The project activity (i.e. capture of landfill gas and its flaring and/or its use) undertaken

without being registered as CDM project activity; this is not possible because of the barriers facedin the absence of CDM benefits as explained in Section B.5

. Conversion of LFG to CNG will result in the production of renewablesource of energy (waste to energy) thereby replacing the use of fossil fuels.

For the establishment of the baseline scenario, following alternatives for disposal/ treatment of wastewere considered.

LFG 2: Atmospheric release of landfill gas without any capture and destruction: this is the

business-as-usual scenario and is in line with applicable regulations.

In the absence of above project activity of CNG production from LFG, an equivalent amount of fossil

fuel would have been used to meet the energy demands for transportation applications (which is also thebusiness-as-usual scenario).

Thus the baseline identified is the atmospheric release of landfill gas without any capture and destructionand use of fossil fuel to meet the corresponding energy demand for transportation (same as business-as-

usual scenario).

B.5.Demonstration of additionality

Additionality has been demonstrated using Guidelines on Additionality of first-of-its-kind ProjectActivities, version 02.0, EB 69.

According to Guidelines on Additionality of first-of-its-kind Project Activities; A proposed projectactivity is the First-of-its-kind in the applicable geographical area if:

a) The project is the first in the applicable geographical area that applies a technology that isdifferent from technologies that are implemented by any other project, which are able to deliverthe same output and have started commercial operation in the applicable geographical area before

the project design document (CDM-PDD) is published for global stakeholder consultation orbefore the start date of the proposed project activity, whichever is earlier;

b) The project implements one or more of the measures, which includes: Fuel and feedstock switch (example: switch from naphtha to natural gas for energy

generation, or switch from limestone to gypsum in cement clinker production);

Switch of technology with or without change of energy source including energyefficiency improvement as well as use of renewable energies (example: energy efficiency

improvements, power generation based on renewable energy); Methane destruction (example: landfill gas flaring);


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Methane formation avoidance (example: use of biomass that would have been left todecay in a solid waste disposal site resulting in the formation and emission of methane,for energy generation).

c) Project participants selected a crediting period for the project activity that is a maximum of 10

years with no option of renewal

For the project activity, following the guidelines:

Applicable geographical area is the complete host country; i.e., India

Measure is identified as Methane Destruction

The ultimate Output is Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) for transport applications

The proposed project activity is first-of-its kind since:a) It is the first project in host country India which applies a technology to convert captured landfill

gas to Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) which may be used for transport applications.

b) The crediting period selected for project activity is fixed 10 years.

Thus the project is additional.

Demonstration of CDM consideration for the project activity

As per EB 62, version 05 (paragraph 2):

For project activities with a starting date on or after 02 August 2008, the project participant must inform

a Host Party DNA and the UNFCCC secretariat in writing of the commencement of the project activity

and of their intention to seek CDM status. Such notification must be made within six months of the project

activity start date and shall contain the precise geographical location and a brief description of the

proposed project activity, using the standardized form F-CDM-Prior Consideration. Such notification is

not necessary if a PDD has been published for global stakeholder consultation or a new methodology

proposed to the Executive Board for the specific project before the project activity start date.

The project is in construction stage. The start date of the project is taken as the date when the EPC contract

order for the project activity was given to UPL Environmental Engineers Limited on 8thAugust 2012. On 25

th

May 2012, tender was floated by GAIL for implementation of project5. Prior to this, the PP has communicated

the prior consideration for the project activity to The Secretariat, CDM Executive Board, UNFCCC on 20 July2011

6

5Tender dated 25 May 2012 (E-tender No 8000004348)

with copy to Ministry of Environment and Forest, India (Host party DNA). The copy of the same isfurnished to the DOE for verification in respect of pre-requirement to proceed with that of validation of theproject activity and a screenshot of PCF on UNFCCC website has been given below:

6http://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/PriorCDM/notifications/index_html
http://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/PriorCDM/notifications/index_htmlhttp://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/PriorCDM/notifications/index_htmlhttp://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/PriorCDM/notifications/index_htmlhttp://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/PriorCDM/notifications/index_html


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B.6.Emission reductions

B.6.1.Explanation of methodological choices

Baseline Emissions

Baseline emissions are a sum of baseline emissions from methane destruction and its utilization:

BEy = BEy(1) + BEy(2)

where,BEy = Baseline emissions in a year yBE y (1) = Baseline emissions from methane destruction (as per AMS-III.G)BE y

1. BE

(2) = Baseline emissions from methane utilization (as per AMS-III.AQ)

y

BE

(1): Baseline emissions shall exclude methane emissions that would have to be removed tocomply with national or local safety requirement or legal regulations. In addition, the effect ofmethane oxidation that is present in the baseline and absent in the project shall be taken into account:

y ( ) 4,,4,,4PJ **OX-1* CHyBLCHySWDSCHy GWPFBEBE =(1) =


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Where:

ySWDSCHBE ,,4 Methane emission potential of a solid waste disposal site (in tCO 2

With the factor f=0.0because the amount of LFG that would have been capturedand destroyed is already accounted for in this equation;

e), calculated using

the methodological tool Emissions from solid waste disposal sites. This tool may be

used:

With the definition of yearxas the year since the landfill started receiving wastes,xruns from the first year of landfill operation (x=1) to the year for which emissions

are calculated (x=y).

The amount of waste type j deposited each year x (Wj,x

OX

) shall be determined by

sampling (as specified in the above-mentioned tool), in the case that waste is generatedduring the crediting period. Alternatively, for existing SWDS, if the pre-existing

amount and composition of the wastes in the landfill are unknown, they can beestimated by using parameters related to the serviced population or industrial activity,

or by comparison with other landfills with similar conditions at regional or nationallevel

Oxidation factor (reflecting the amount of methane from SWDS that is oxidised in the

soil or other material covering the waste) (dimensionless). A default value of 0.1 maybe used

PJ Efficiency of the LFG capture system that will be installed in the project activity. It is

used for ex ante estimation only. A default value of 50% may be used

yBLCHF ,,4 Methane emissions that would be captured and destroyed to comply with national or

local safety requirement or legal regulations in the year y (tCH4

4CHGWP

). The relevantprocedures in ACM0001 Flaring or use of landfill gas may be followed, as well as

taking into account the compliance with the relevant local laws and regulation if suchlaws and regulations exist

Global Warming Potential for methane (value of 21)

Calculation ofBECH4,SWDS,y

The amount of methane that would in the absence of the project activity be generated from disposal ofwaste at the solid waste disposal site (BECH4,SWDS,y) is calculated with a multi-phase model. The

calculation is based on a first order decay (FOD) model. The model differentiates between the differenttypes of waste j with respectively different decay rates kjand different fractions of degradable organic

carbon (DOCj). The model calculates the methane generation based on the actual waste streamsWj,xdisposed in each year x, where x refers to the year since the landfill started receiving wastes [x runsfrom the first year of landfill operation (x=1) to the year for which emissions are calculated (x=y)].

In cases where at the SWDS methane is captured (e.g. due to safety regulations) and flared, combusted orused in another manner, the baseline emissions are adjusted for the fraction of methane captured at theSWDS.

The amount of methane produced in the yeary (BECH4,SWDS,y

) is calculated as follows *(as per equation 1of Emissions from solid waste disposal sites):


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Where:

BE Methane emissions avoided during the yeary from preventing waste disposal at thesolid waste disposal site (SWDS) during the period from the start of the project

activity to the end of the year y (tCO2e)

CH4,SWDS,y

Model correction factor to account for model uncertainties

f Fraction of methane captured at the SWDS and flared, combusted or used in

anothermanner

GWP Global Warming Potential (GWP) of methane, valid for the relevantcommitmentPeriod

CH4

OX Oxidation factor (reflecting the amount of methane from SWDS that is oxidized inthe soil or other material covering the waste)

F Fraction of methane in the SWDS gas (volume fraction)

DOC Fraction of degradable organic carbon (DOC) that can decomposef

MCF Methane correction factor

W Amount of organic waste typejprevented from disposal in the SWDS in the yearx(tons)j,x

DOCj Fraction of degradable organic carbon (by weight) in the waste typej

k Decay rate for the waste typejj

j Waste type category (index)

x Year during the crediting period: x runs from the first year of the first creditingperiod(x = 1) to the year y for which avoided emissions are calculated (x = y)

y Year for which methane emissions are calculated

Where different waste typesj are prevented from disposal, determine the amount of different waste types

(Wj,x

Where:

) through sampling and calculate the mean from the samples, as follows (equation 5 of Tool to

determine methane emissions avoided from disposal of waste at a solid waste disposal site) :

W Amount of organic waste typejprevented from disposal in the SWDS in the yearx(tons)

j,x

W Total amount of organic waste prevented from disposal in yearx (tons)x

p Weight fraction of the waste typej in the sample n collected during the yearxn,j,x

z Number of samples collected during the yearx

The actual emission reduction achieved by the project during the crediting period will be calculated usingthe amount of methane recovered and destroyed/gainfully used by the project activity, calculated as:

( ) yyCHyBLCHyPJCHcalculatedy LEPEGWPFFER = 4,,4,,4, *)(*OX-1


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Where:

yPJCHF ,,4 Methane captured and destroyed/gainfully used by the project activity in the yeary

(tCH4

yPJCHF ,,4

)

= i

yiyCHyCH LFGwD ,,4,4 **

yiLFG ,

Where:

Landfill gas destroyed via method i (flaring, fuelling, combustion, injection to a grid,

etc.) in yeary(m3LFG

yCHw ,4

). The flow or volume measurement shall be made either on a dry

basis or at the same humidity as

yCHw ,4 Methane content in landfill gas in yeary(volume fraction, m3CH4/m

3LFG

yiLFG ,

). Landfill gas

composition shall be measured either on a dry basis or at the same humidity as used to

determine

yCHD ,4 Density of methane at the temperature and pressure of the landfill gas in year y

(tonnes/m3yiLFG ,). If is reported at normal conditions of temperature and pressure,

the density of methane is also determined at normal conditions

2. BEy

BE

(2) =

CNG CNGCOCNGBioyCNGBio EFNCVFS ,2, =

yCNGBioFS , Amount of Bio-CNG distributed/sold directly to retailers, filling stations by the project

activity in year y (tons)

CNGCOEF ,2 CO2 emission factor of CNG (tCO2e/GJ), determined using reliable local or nationaldata. IPCC default values (lower value of 95% CI) shall be used only when country orproject specific data are not available or demonstrably difficult to obtain. Values shall

be updated if national values or IPCC values change

CNGBioNCV Net calorific value of Bio-CNG (GJ/ton)

If it is demonstrated that the methane content of the Bio-CNG is minimum 96% by

volume then NCV of CNG shall be used. For NCV of CNG, reliable local or national

data shall the used. IPCC default values shall be used only when country or projectspecific data are not available or demonstrably difficult to obtain. Values shall beupdated if national values or IPCC values change

Under the condition of:

yCNGBioyCNGBio FPFS ,, Where:

yCNGBioFP , Quantity of the Bio-CNG produced by the project activity in the yeary(tons)

A. Project Emissions according to AMS-III.G version 8

According to AMS-III.G version 8, project emissions consists of:


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(a) CO2 emissions from fossil fuel or electricity used by the project activity facilities(PEpower,y

(b) Emissions from flaring or combustion of the gas stream (PE

);

flare,y

(c) Emissions from the landfill gas upgrading process (PE

);

process,y

yprocessyflareyPowery PEPEPEPE ,,, ++=

), where applicable.

Where:

yPE Project emissions in yeary(tCO2

ypowerPE ,

e)

Emissions from the use of fossil fuel or electricity for the operation of theinstalled facilities in the yeary(tCO2

yflarePE ,

e)

Emissions from flaring or combustion of the landfill gas stream in the yeary

(tCO2

yprocessPE ,

e)

Emissions from the landfill gas upgrading process in the yeary(tCO2

Calculation of PE

e),determined by following the relevant procedures described in annex 1 ofAMS-III.H

power,y

Determination of CEFelec,y

Project emissions from electricity consumption are determined as per the procedures described in AMS-

I.D Grid connected renewable electricity generation. For project emissions from fossil fuelconsumption the emission factor for the fossil fuel shall be used (tCO 2

Central Electricity Authority (CEA)

/tonne). Local values are to be

used, if local values are difficult to obtain, IPCC default values may be used. If recovered landfill gas isused to power auxiliary equipment of the project it should be taken into account accordingly, using zeroas its emission factor.

7 of India officially publishes the emission factor for each regionalgrid on their website and updates it after each fiscal year. For this project activity the respective

Combined Margin Emission Factor for the NEWNE regional grid has been chosen from the version 7 ofCEA database of March 2012. The value for the same has been taken as 0.9147 tCO2/ MWh for thepurpose of calculation.

Emissions from onsite fossil fuel consumption (PECO2,diesel,onsite,y):

Where, FCi, j, y(t) = FCi, j, ,y(L)*

and

diesel

7

Official Baseline Carbon Dioxide Emission Factor from the India Power Sector, Government of India, Ministry ofPower, Central electricity Authority, Homepage:

http://www.cea.nic.in/planning/c%20and%20e/Government%20of%20India%20website.htm


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For ex-ante calculations the fuel consumption has been taken as 0. Fossil fuel consumption within theproject boundary for the project will be monitored. The Project Participant (PP) also proposes to have

HSD fired DG sets for any exigency that may arise. The project emissions for these have been consideredzero for the purpose of calculations but will be monitored ex-post.

Calculation of PEflare,y

If flaring (single or multiple) is used to destroy all or part of the recovered landfill gas, project emissionsfrom flaring in yeary (PEflare,y in tCO2

PE

e) shall be determined for each flare following the proceduredescribed in the methodological tool Project emissions from flaring.

According to the this tool,

flare,y= Project emissions from flaring of the residual gas in year y (tCO2)

GWPCH4= Global warming potential of methane valid for current commitment period (tCO2/tCH4)

FCH4,RG,m= Mass flow of methane in the residual gas in minute m (kg)

flare m= Flare efficiency in minute m

The mass flow of methane in the residual gas will be monitored and project emissions calculated on thebasis of the same. The GWPCH4 is 21 and the minimum/default value of 90% for flare efficiency of

enclosed flare will be used to calculate project emissions. However, the flare is designed to destroy 100%

of methane emission from LFG.

Calculation of PEprocess

Emissions from the landfill gas upgrading process in the year y (tCO2e), is to be determined by following

the relevant procedures described in annex 1 of AMS-III.H. This has been discussed in the followingparagraphs

yCHyncultivatioytransportyfuelyelecy PEPEPEPEPEPE ,4,,,, ++++=

Project Emissions according to AMS-III.AQ version 1

Where:

yPE Project emissions in yeary(tCO2

yelecPE ,

e)

Project emissions due to electricity consumption in yeary(tCO2)


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yfuelPE , Project emissions due to fossil fuels consumption in yeary(tCO2

ytransportPE ,

)

Project emissions from transportation of the renewable biomass from the places of

their origin to the biogas production site and the processed biogas from the biogasprocessing facility to the filling stations in yeary(tCO2

yncultivatioPE ,

)

Project emissions of N2O from renewable biomass cultivation in yeary(tCO2

yCHPE ,4

e)

Project emissions due to the physical leakage of methane from the systems

affected by the project activity for production, processing, purification,compression; storage and filling of the Bio-CNG in yeary(tCO2

Calculation of PE

e)

transport,y

According to the methodology AMS-III AQ, project emissions from transportation of the renewablebiomass and/or waste organic matters from the places of their origin to the biogas production site and theprocessed biogas from the biogas processing facility to the filling stations have to be accounted followingthe procedures in AMS-III.AK Biodiesel production and use for transport applications if the

transportation distance is more than 200 km, otherwise they can be neglected.

Since the CNG produced by the project activity will be supplied to filling station within Delhi, hencetransportation distance from CNG production facility to filling stations can be neglected. However, thedistance of transportation of CNG will be monitored for the project activity.

Calculation of PE

yCNGBioyADyCH PEPEPE ,,,4 +=

CH4,y

Project emissions associated with the physical leakage of methane from the systems affected by theproject activity are calculated as follows:

Where:

yADPE , CH4leakage emissions from the anaerobic digesters in yeary(tCO2

yCNGBioPE ,

e)

Project emissions of CH4 from biogas and Bio-CNG processing, upgrading,

purification, compression, storage and transportation (leaks and dissolved in

wastewater) in yeary(tCO2

The baseline scenario is anaerobic decomposition of waste in the landfill site. Hence PE

e)

AD,y is notconsidered for project emissions.

Calculation of PE

(a) Methane emissions from the discharge of the upgrading equipment are determined;

Bio-CNG,y

According to the methodology AMS-III.AQ, project emission from physical leakage due to biogastreatment system shall be determined as per the relevant procedures in Annex I of AMS-III.H Methanerecovery in wastewater treatment:

(b) Fugitive methane emissions from leaks in compression equipment;

(c) Methane emissions due to the vent gases from upgrade equipment;


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(d) Methane emissions related to physical leakage from filling operations shall becomputed as per the procedures for calculating emissions from compressor leaks as

per paragraph 24 b) above;

(e) Where applicable methane emissions associated with the physical leakage of theupgraded biogas from the dedicated pipelines;

(f) Where applicable methane emissions due to physical leakage from Bio-CNG/biogasfilled bottles (e.g. mobile cascades) which are used for the storage and transportationof Bio-CNG/biogas.

Thus,

yventgasyequipCH4yupgradewwyupgradepoweryprocess PEPEPEPEPE ,,,,,,,, +++=

Where:

yproce ss

PE,

Project emissions related to the upgrading and compression of the biogas inyeary(tCO2

e)

yupgradepowerPE ,, CO2 emissions from electricity and fuel used by the upgrading facilities (tCO 2

e), as

per paragraph 19 of AMS-III.H

yupgradewwPE ,, Emissions from methane contained in any waste water discharge of upgrading

installation in yeary(tCO2

e)

yequipCH4PE ,, Emissions from compressor leaks in yeary(tCO2

e)

yventgasPE , Emissions from venting gases retained in upgrading equipment in yeary (tCO2e)

=equipment

yequipmentequipmentystreamCH4CH4yequipCH4 TEFwGWPPE ,,,,, ***)

1000

1(*

Project activity emissions from compressor leaks are determined as follows:

Where:

ystreamCH4w ,, Average methane weight fraction of the gas (kg-CH4

yequipmentT ,

/kg) in yeary

Operation time of the equipment in hours in yeary (in absence of detailed

information, it can be assumed that the equipment is used continuously, as a

conservative approach)

equipmentEF Leakage rate for fugitive emissions from the compression technology as perspecification from the compressor manufacturer in kg/hour/compressor. If nodefault value from the technology provider is available, the approach below shallbe used

The GWPCH4 is 21 tCO2e/ tCH4, Tequipment and EFequipementwill be determined once the compression andupgrading unit (PSA) is installed in the project activity. The parameters will be monitored and projectemissions will be calculated during each year.

1000

*)1(* ,8760

1

,, CH4

hflare

h

hRGyventgasGWP

TMPE ==

Emissions from venting gases retained in upgrading equipment


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Where:

hRGTM , Mass flow rate of methane in the residual gas in hourh (kg/h)

hflare, Flare efficiency in hour h

The mass flow of methane in the residual gas will be monitored and project emissions calculated on thebasis of the same. The GWPCH4 is 21 tCO2e/ tCH4 and the default value of 90% for flare efficiency inminute m of enclosed flare will be used to calculate project emissions.

B.6.2.Data and parameters fixed ex ante

Leakage

Since no equipment is transferred from another activity, leakage effects are nil.

Data / Parameter AF

Unit -

Description Regulatory Requirement relating to landfill gas projects

Source of data Publicly available information of the host countrys regulatoryrequirements relating to landfill gas.

Value(s) applied 0

Choice of data

or

Measurement methods

and procedures

India currently has no legislation mandating capture of methane fromlandfill gas.

Common practice is unabated venting of LFG in the atmosphere. Theproject is the first in the host country that attempts to capture and destroyLFG and hence the choice is justified.

Purpose of data Baseline Estimations

Additional comment -

Data / Parameter GWPCH4

Unit tCO2e/ tCH4

Description Global Warming Potential (GWP) of methane, valid for the relevantcommitment period

Source of data Decisions under the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol (a value of 21 is tobe applied for the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol)

Value(s) applied 21

Choice of data

or

Measurement methods

and procedures

Default Global Warming potential of Methane




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Data / Parameter DCH4,y

Unit tCH4/m3CH4

Description Methane Density

Source of data UNFCCCValue(s) applied 0.0007168

Choice of dataor

Measurement methods

and procedures

Taken as default value from large scale methodology ACM0001 Version13.0



Data / Parameter BECH4,SWDS,y

Unit tCO2e

Description Methane Generation from the landfill in the absence of the project activity

at year y.

Source of data Calculated as per the Emissions from solid waste disposal sites

Value(s) applied Year BECH4,SWDS,y

2013 28002

2014 26126

2015 24387

2016 22775

2017 21279

2018 19892

2019 18604

2020 17408

2021 16297

2022 15266

Total 210035

Choice of data

or

Measurement methodsand procedures

See section B.6.3

Purpose of data Ex-ante baseline estimations-


Data / Parameter

Unit Unitless

Description Model correction factor to account for model uncertainties

Source of data Tool to calculate Emissions from solid waste disposal sites

Value(s) applied 0.75

Choice of data

orMeasurement methods

and procedures

Default values for the model correction factor for Application A (dry

conditions)

Purpose of data To estimate baseline emissions



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Data / Parameter OX

Unit Unitless

Description Oxidation Factor (reflecting the amount of methane from SWDS that is

oxidized in the soil or other material covering the waste.)Source of data Tool to calculate Emissions from solid waste disposal sites


Choice of data

or

Measurement methods

and procedures

When methane passes through the top-layer, part of it is oxidized by

methanotrophic bacteria to produce CO2. The oxidation factor representsthe proportion of methane that is oxidized to CO2. This should bedistinguished from the methane correction factor (MCF) which is to

account for the situation that ambient air might intrude into the SWDS andprevent methane from being formed in the upper layer of SWDS.


Additional comment

Data / Parameter F

Unit Unitless

Description Fraction of methane in the SWDS gas (volume fraction)

Source of data Tool to calculate Emissions from solid waste disposal sites which isbased on IPCC 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse gas Inventories.


Choice of data


and procedures

The factor reflects the fact that some degradable organic carbon does not

degrade, or degrades very slowly, under anaerobic conditions in the solidwaste disposal site. The IPCC default value (cited above) has been used.


Additional comment

Data / Parameter DOCf

Unit Unitless

Description Fraction of degradable organic carbon (DOC) that can decompose.

Source of data Tool to calculate Emissions from solid waste disposal sites which is

based on IPCC 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse gas Inventories.


Choice of data


and procedures

IPCC default value has been taken.


Additional comment


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Data / Parameter MCFdefault

Unit Unitless

Description Methane correction factor

Source of data Tool to calculate Emissions from solid waste disposal sites which isbased on IPCC 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse gas Inventories.

Value(s) applied 1

Choice of data

or

Measurement methods

and procedures

In the Ghazipur SWDS there was a controlled placement of waste with

compaction and leveling being done and was managed by the municipalcorporation. Hence a value of 1 is chosen.


Additional comment

Data / Parameter DOCj

Unit -

Description Fraction of degradable organic carbon (by weight) in the waste typej


Value(s) applied

Type of Waste DOCj

Wood and wood products, A 43%

Pulp, paper and cardboard, B 40%

Food, food waste, beverages and tobacco, C 15%

Textiles, D 24%

Garden, yard and park waste, E 20%Glass, plastic, metal other inert, F 0%

Choice of data

orMeasurement

methods and

procedures

Default value as per tool has been taken


Additional comment


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Data / Parameter kj

Unit Unitless

Description Decay rate for the waste type j

Source of data Tool to calculate Emissions from solid waste disposal sitesValue(s) applied

Type of Wastekj(MAT >20C; MAP 20C and mean annual precipitation (MAP) of less than 1000.Conservative IPCC default value as proposed by the methodology and tool isapplied.


Additional comment

Data / Parameter f

Unit Unitless

Description Fraction of methane captured at the SWDS and flared, combusted or usedin another manner


Value(s) applied 0%

Choice of data

or

Measurement methods

and procedures

As per the tool, f in the tool shall be assigned a value 0. As it as alreadyaccounted for in the methodology as Adjustment Factor and hence the

parameter f has been fixed ex-ante.


Additional comment


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Data / Parameter NCVi, y

Unit TJ/Gg

Description Net Calorific Value of fossil fuel (diesel)

Source of data Used IPCC 2006 guidelines for National Greenhouse gas Inventories,volume 2, Table 1.2, p.1.1

Value(s) applied 43

Choice of data

or

Measurement methods

and procedures

In the absence of project specific data and region specific data, IPCC values

shall be taken.


Additional comment The fossil fuel consumption has been considered as 0 for the ex-antecalculations. However, the same will be monitored ex-post once the projectis operational.

Data / Parameter EFCO2, i, y

Unit Kg/TJ

Description CO2emission factor of fossil fuel used onsite (Diesel)

Source of data Used IPCC 2006 guidelines for National Greenhouse gas Inventories,volume 2, Table 1.4, p.1.23

Value(s) applied 74100

Choice of data


and procedures

In the absence of project specific data and region specific data, IPCC values

shall be taken.


Additional comment

Data / Parameter diesel,y

Unit Kg/L

Description Density of diesel

Source of data Indian Oil


Choice of data

or


Average density of diesel in India has been used as provided by Indian Oil

Corporation Limited (IOCL)8which gives density of diesel in the range of

820 880 kg/m3. When converted to kg/L, it gives a value of 0.882 0.880kg/L. Hence, 0.880 kg/L shall be used since it is more conservative.


Additional comment The fossil fuel consumption has been considered as 0 for the ex-ante

calculations. However, the same will be monitored ex-post once the projectis operational.

8http://www.iocl.com/Products/LightDieseloil.aspx


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Data / Parameter pn,j,x

Unit %

Description Share of different types of organic waste

Source of data Detailed project Report (DPR)Value(s) applied

Waste type % Composition

Wood and wood products 5.0%

Pulp, paper and cardboard 4.7%

Food, food waste, beverages

and tobacco 64.7%

Textiles 12.6%

Garden, yard and park waste 2.9%

Glass, plastic, metal other inert 10.1%

Total 100.0%

Choice of data


and procedures

The waste characterization report given in the Feasibility Report.



B.6.3.Ex-ante calculation of emission reductions

Calculation of project emissions

Emissions from electricity use (PEEC,y):

The calculations of emissions from electricity use have been provided as per equation 1 of Tool tocalculate baseline, project and/or leakage emissions from electricity consumption.

Formula Applied:

PEElec,y = EGPJ,j,y* EFEL, j

Electricity consumption by project facility:

For the purpose of calculation, the electricity consumption by the project facility has been taken from theFeasibility Report.

The average annual electricity consumption by the project has been taken as 250 kW i.e. 1980 MWh perannum as maximum, comprising of feed gas compressor,PSA system & CNG compressor units as per the

details given by the equipment supplier.

For this project activity the respective Combined Margin Emission Factor for the NEWNE regional grid

has been taken from the latest data provided Central Electricity Authority (CEA) Version 07. The valuetaken for the same is 0.9147 tCO 2/ MWh. However, it will be monitored ex-post and its value will beupdated each year.


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Emissions from electricity use (PE elec, y )

Parameter Description UnitValue

appliedSource

EG Amount of electricity used by projectactivity per year

PJ,y MWh 1,980.0 Feasibility Study

CEF Grid emission factor of the Northern grid

(Combined Margin)elec,y t CO2e /

MWh

0.91 CEA CO2Baseline

Database, Version7.0, January 2012

PE Emissions from grid electricity use per

yearelec, y t CO2e 1,811 Calculated

Calculation of baseline emissions:

Baseline emissions are a sum of baseline emissions from methane destruction and its utilization:

BEy = BEy(1) + BEy(2) (8)

where,BEy = Baseline emissions in a year yBE y (1) = Baseline emissions from methane destruction (as per AMS-III.G)

BE y

Year

(2) = Baseline emissions from methane utilization (as per AMS-III.AQ)

Calculation of Leakage

No leakage emissions have been envisaged for ex-ante emissions.

The summarized baseline emissions, project emissions are as follows:

Estimation of

project activityemissions

(tonnes of CO2

Estimation of

baseline emissions formethane avoidance

(tonnes of COe) 2

Estimation of

baseline emissions formethane utilisation

(tonnes of COe) 2

Estimation of

leakage(tonnes of

COe) 2e)

2013 1811 28002 4152 0

2014 1811 26126 3874 0

2015 1811 24387 3616 0

2016 1811 22775 3377 0

2017 1811 21279 3155 0

2018 1811 19892 2949 0

2019 1811 18604 2758 0

2020 1811 17408 2581 0

2021 1811 16297 2416 0

2022 1811 15266 2263 0

Total tCO 181102 210035 31141 0

B.6.4.Summary of ex-ante estimates of emission reductions

YearBaseline

emissions

(tCO2e)

Project emissions

(tCO2e)

Leakage

(tCO2e)

Emissionreductions

(tCO2e)

2013 32153 1811 0 30342


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2014 29999 1811 0 28188

2015 28003 1811 0 26192

2016 26151 1811 0 24340

2017 24434 1811 0 226232018 22841 1811 0 21030

2019 21362 1811 0 19551

2020 19989 1811 0 18178

2021 18714 1811 0 16903

2022 17529 1811 0 15718

Total 241176 18110 0 223066

Total number of

crediting years

10

Annual

average over thecrediting period

24117 1811 0 22306

B.7.Monitoring planB.7.1.Data and parameters to be monitored

Data/ Parameter LFGi,y

Unit m3

Description Landfill gas destroyed via method i in year y

Source of data Project participants

Value(s) applied Year LFGtotal,y

2013 19946972014 1860225

2015 1735611

2016 1620099

2017 1512989

2018 1413641

2019 1321461

2020 1235904

2021 1156466

2022 1082685

Measurement methods

and procedures

Measured by a flow meter. Data shall be aggregated monthly and yearly.

Monitoring frequency Monitoring frequency: Continuous

QA/QC procedures Flow meters will be subject to a regular maintenance and testing regime to

ensure accuracy.

Purpose of data



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Data/ Parameter PEflare,y

Unit tCO2e

Description Project emissions from flaring of the residual gas stream in year y

Source of data Calculated as per the Tool to determine project emissions from flaringgases containing methane.

Value(s) applied 0

Measurement methods

and procedures

These shall be monitored ex-post as per the Tool to determine project

emissions from flaring gases containing methane.


QA/QC procedures As per the Tool to determine project emissions from flaring gasescontaining methane.

Purpose of data

Additional comment

Data/ Parameter wCH4,y

Unit m CH4 / m LFG

Description Methane fraction in the landfill gas

Source of data Measured continuously by the project participants using gas analyzer.



The fraction of methane in the gas should be measured with a continuousanalyzer (values are recorded with the same frequency as the flow) or,

alternatively, with periodical measurements at a 90/10 confidence/precisionlevel. It shall be measured using equipment that can directly measuremethane content in the landfill gas - the estimation of methane content of

landfill gas based on measurement of other constituents of landfill gas suchas CO2 is not permitted. The methane content measurement shall be carried

out close to a location in the system where a landfill gas flow measurementtakes place, and at the same basis (wet or dry)


QA/QC procedures The gas analyzer will be subject to a regular maintenance and testingregime to ensure accuracy.

Purpose of data

Additional comment

Data/ Parameter T

Unit C

Description Temperature of the landfill gas

Source of data Project Participants

Value(s) applied -

Measurement methods

and procedures

Measured to determine the density of methane DCH4.Shall be measured using flow meters.

Monitoring frequency Monitoring Frequency : continuous

QA/QC procedures Measuring instruments shall be subject to a regular maintenance and testingregime in accordance to appropriate standards

Purpose of dataAdditional comment To be monitored ex-post


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Data/ Parameter P

Unit Pa

Description Pressure of the landfill gasSource of data Project Participants

Value(s) applied -

Measurement methods

and procedures

Measured to determine the density of methane DCH4.Shall be measured using flow meters.

Monitoring frequency Monitoring Frequency : continuous

QA/QC procedures Measuring instruments shall be subject to a regular maintenance and testingregime in accordance to appropriate standards

Purpose of data

Additional comment To be monitored ex-post

Data/ Parameter CEFEL, y,

Unit t CO2/MWh

Description Carbon emission factor of electricity

Source of data CEA CO2Baseline Database, Version 7.0, March 2012

Value(s) applied 0.9147 for NEWNE Grid


Information available from authorized government agencies nationalstandard value has been calculated by Central Electricity Authority (CEA)

The EF given by CEA has been calculated keeping in view the

methodology AMS-I.D and Tool to calculate the emission factor for anelectricity system published by CDM Executive Board

Latest available data from CEA database would be used.

Monitoring frequency Annually

QA/QC procedures Since taken from official source of information, no QA/QC is required.

Purpose of data Project Emissions


Data/ Parameter EGPJ

Unit MWh

Description Electricity consumption by the project activity

Source of data Log book maintained by PP

Value(s) applied 1980

Measurement methods

and procedures

The data will be measured continuously using meters and would be

recorded daily on how much electricity has been consumed.

Monitoring frequency Recorded daily and monitored monthly

QA/QC procedures The meters would be subject to proper maintenance.

Purpose of data



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Data/ Parameter FC i, j, y

Unit Mass or unit volume per year (;ites)

Description Quantity of fuel combusted onsite

Source of data Purchase of invoices, cross checked with consumption measurementsValue(s) applied 0


Data is calculated annually based on invoices and archived electronically.

Monitoring frequency Monitoring Frequency : Continuous

QA/QC procedures The amount of fuel will be derived from the paid fuel invoices.

Purpose of data

Additional comment Fuel consumption onsite auxiliary purpose has been taken to be 0.However,it will be monitored and accounted for ex post.

Data/ Parameter Tflare

Unit C

Description Temperature in the exhaust of the flare.

Source of data Measurement by the project participants

Value(s) applied -

Measurement methods

and procedures

Shall be measured using a thermocouple.

Monitoring frequency Measuring Frequency: continuous

QA/QC procedures Thermocouple shall be replaced or calibrated every year.

Purpose of data

Additional comment An excessively high temperature at the sampling point (above 700C) may

be an indication that the flare is not being adequately operated or that itscapacity is not adequate to the actual flow.

Data/ Parameter FSBio-CNG,y

Unit tonnes

Description Amount of Bio-CNG distributed/sold directly to retailers, filling stations bythe project activity in yeary

Source of data Log Books

Value(s) applied To be monitored ex-post

Measurement methods

and procedures

Measurements of the amount of Bio-CNG distributed/sold to

retailers/filling stations are undertaken using calibrated meters at thedelivery section of Bio-CNG production site.

Monitoring frequency Continuously or in batches

QA/QC procedures Measurements results shall be cross checked with records for sold amount(e.g. invoices/receipts) and with the amount of biogas produced

Purpose of data



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Data/ Parameter FPBio-CNG,y

Unit tonnes

Description Quantity of the Bio-CNG produced by the project activity in the yeary

Source of data Log BooksValue(s) applied To be monitored ex-post


Measurements are undertaken using calibrated meters at the outlet of thebiogas upgrading section of the Bio-CNG production site

Monitoring frequency Continuously

QA/QC procedures Meters would be subject to periodic calibration

Purpose of data


Data/ Parameter NCVBio-CNG

Unit GJ/tonDescription Net calorific value of Bio-CNG

Source of data Laboratory Reports

Value(s) applied 55.5 (ex-ante from IPCC Report)

Measurement methods

and procedures

Measured according to relevant national/international standards through

sampling.

Monitoring frequency Monthly or as prescribed by the applied national/international standard

QA/QC procedures Analysis will be carried out by accredited laboratory

Purpose of data


Data/ Parameter FCH4,EG,t

Unit kg

Description Mass flow of methane in the exhaust gas of the flare on a dry basis atreference conditions in the time period t

Source of data Measurements undertaken by a third party accredited entity

Value(s) applied

Measurement methods

and procedures

Measure the mass flow of methane in the exhaust gas according to anappropriate national or international standard e.g. UKs Technical Guidance

LFTGN05.

The time period t over which the mass flow is measured must be at leastone hour.The average flow rate to the flare during the time period t must be greater

than the average flow rate observed for the previous six months

Monitoring frequency Biannual

QA/QC procedures According to the standard applied

Purpose of data To calculate project emissions

Additional comment


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Data / Parameter Dmax,y

Unit km

Description Distance of Bio-CNG production facility to CNG filling stations

Source of data Distance as recorded from standard Maps.Value(s) applied To be monitored ex-post


Based on the procurement data. Maximum distance of source from thepower plant

Monitoring frequency Once in a year

QA/QC procedures The distance data will be taken from reference maps.

Purpose of data It will be used for estimation of project emissions whenever distance oftransportation of Bio-CNG is more than 200 kms

Additional comment Data will be maintained in the log sheet along with the same in thespreadsheet(electronic).

Data will be archived for a period of 2 years after the end of creditingperiod or last issuance whichever is later

Data / Parameter wCH4,y

Unit

Description Methane content in the Bio-CNG

Source of data Sampling at site

Value(s) applied


The fraction of methane in the gas should be measured with a continuousanalyzer or, alternatively, with periodical measurements at a 90/10

sampling confidence/precision level. It shall be measured using equipmentthat can directly measure methane content in the biogas - the estimation of

methane content of biogas based on measurement of other constituents ofbiogas such as CO2is not permitted.

Monitoring frequency Continuous/Periodic

QA/QC procedures The methane content measurement shall be carried out at the location whereFPBio-CNG,,y is measured

Purpose of data To calculate baseline emissions

Additional comment


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Data / Parameter MRG,M

Unit

Description Mass flow of the residual gas on a dry basis at reference conditions in the

minutem

Source of data Project participants

Value(s) applied

Measurement methods

and procedures

Instruments with recordable electronic signal (analogical or digital)

Monitoring frequency Continuous, values to be averaged on a minute basis

QA/QC procedures Periodic calibration against a primary device provided by an independentaccredited laboratory is mandatory. Calibration and frequency of calibration

is according to manufacturers specifications

Purpose of data To calculate project emissions


B.7.2.Sampling plan

No sampling is required

B.7.3.Other elements of monitoring plan

Use of the Monitoring Plan (MP) by the Operator

This Monitoring Plan identifies key performance indicators of the project and sets out the procedures for

metering, monitoring, calculating and verifying the ERs generated by the Ghazipur landfill closure

project, annually. Adherence to the instructions in the Monitoring Plan will be issued to the operator tomeasure and track the impact of the project on the environment. The operator will prepare all data

required for the periodic audit and verification process that must be undertaken to confirm theachievement of the corresponding ERs. The MP is thus the basis for the production of ERs andaccreditation of the ERs within the CDM mechanism.

If the Monitoring Plan is updated and adjusted to meet operational requirements, it will be done so withDOE approval. Any shifts in the baseline scenario may lead to such amendments, which may be

mandated by the DOE. Amendments may also be necessary as a consequence of new circumstances thataffect the ability to monitor ERs as described here or to accommodate new or modified CDM rules. All

the results of monitoring shall be preserved by the project proponent for two years beyond the end ofcrediting period or the last issuance of CERs for the project activity whichever occurs later.

Organizational, Operational and Monitoring Obligations

Obligations of the Operator

Monitoring the projects performance in terms of ERs achievement requires the fulfillment of operationaldata collection and processing obligations from the operator. The operator of landfill closure plant has the

primary obligation to collect data that would facilitate the calculation of the project ERs. The data shall becollected by the operator based on the most recent available information as per the Procedures presentedin this PDD. In addition, roles and responsibilities of monitoring personnel would be well defined.

Examples of roles and responsibilities for monitoring of data and parameters are provided with thismonitoring plan; however these need to be updated on a regular basis.


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It is believed that the monitoring plan approach presented here will result in an accurate, yet conservativecalculation of ERs. However some uncertainties may lead to a deviation between monitored and verified

ERs, especially errors in the data monitoring and processing system. The operator is expected to preventsuch errors and the verification audits are expected to uncover any possible errors. The operation of the

facilities will be documented in a quality control program, monitoring the conditions and procedures thatensure efficient capture of the landfill gas.

Monitoring Organization

The responsibilities of each entity involved in the setting up and monitoring of the Ghazipur Landfill

closure project activity is summarized in the table below:

Agent Responsibility

The Operator Data reading and handling: maintaining an adequate system forcollecting, recording and storing data according to the protocols

determined in the monitoring plan, checking data quality, collection andrecord keeping procedures regularly.

Reporting: preparing periodic reports that include emission reductions

generated and observations regarding GAIL procedures

Training: assuring personnel training regarding the performance of the

project activities. Personnel will be trained in equipment operation, datarecording, reports writing, and operation, calibration requirements,maintenance and emergency procedures in compliance with the

Monitoring Plan.

Quality control and quality assurance: complying with quality controland quality assurance procedures to facilitate periodical audits andverification.

The Project Proponent GAIL (India) Ltd

GAIL will see the development of the project and periodically carry outinternal audits to assure that the project activity is in compliance withoperational and monitoring requirements.

The CDM Advisor Assist GAIL in the selection of operator for installation, operation andmaintenance of the project.

Implement CDM processes including preparation of PCN, PDD,Validation, Host country approval registration, verification andmonitoring.

Carry out survey on a regular basis to check whether data recording isas per the guidelines mentioned in the PDD.

Data will be collected and archived electronically as well as manually to ensure accuracy and to calculatethe flare emissions, and the ERs etc.

It is believed that the monitoring plan approach presented here will result in an accurate, yet conservative

calculation of ERs. However, some uncertainties may lead to a deviation between monitored and verifiedERs, especially errors in the data monitoring and processing system. The operator is expected to preventsuch errors and the verification audits are expected to uncover all possible errors.

Calibration

All the measurement instruments will be subject to regular calibration as per manufacturersspecifications or annually. The regular check and calibration will be entrusted to the operators. The site

Manager will be responsible for checking the equipments proper working order, as well as checking and


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storing up the calibration certificates and records. Calibration documents will be kept for all theequipments until two years after the end of the crediting period.

Data Management and Storing system

The data will be archived electronically onsite and spreadsheets will be prepared. The informationarchived will be aggregated hourly, monthly and yearly in a standard format for the preparation for

reporting purposes.

The site manager will implement a document control system to ensure that all the necessary documents

(records of monitored data, drawings, maintenance and calibration instructions etc.) are available andstored in a proper manner. A copy of the monitored data (both on CDs and papers) will be kept separatelyin fire proof cabins, so as to ensure safety.

All data, including calibration records and Monitoring reports will be kept until 2 years after the end ofcrediting period or the last issuance of the CERs for the project activity, whichever occurs later.

Audit Review

Internal Audits will be performed by an auditor not involved in the daily operation of the plant, in order toassess the implementation of the monitoring plan and to prepare the monitoring report. All audit findings,including corrective actions, will be recorded and will be available onsite at the time of verification.

SECTION C.Duration and crediting periodC.1.Duration of project activityC.1.1.Start date of project activity

8 August 2012, date of EPC contract order to UPL Environmental Engineers Limited for the projectactivity.

C.1.2.Expected operational lifetime of project activity

10 years

C.2.Crediting period of project activityC.2.1.Type of crediting period

Fixed

C.2.2.Start date of crediting period

1

C.2.3.Length of crediting period

June 2013 or the date of complete submission to CDM EB of UNFCCC, whichever occurs later

>>10 years, 0 months

SECTION D.Environmental impactsD.1.Analysis of environmental impacts>> The project does not require EIA to be carried out.


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SECTION E.Local stakeholder consultationE.1.Solicitation of comments from local stakeholders

A Stakeholder consultation was held on 8th

E.2.Summary of comments received

November, 2012 at the Landfill gas pilot project site to seek

various valuable inputs on the project from various stakeholders. A wide range of stakeholders wereinvited through press notification and were actively took part in the consultation process.

The stakeholder consultation was led by Mr. Ravi Someswarudu GM (R&D), GAIL (India) Ltd, theproject proponent, in presence of East Delhi Municipal corporation (EDMC) officials. A total of 37participants attended the meeting which includes GAIL representatives, MCD officers, landfill project

site supervisor, Project Management Consultant, consultants from IL&FS, representatives from academia,contractors and local people.

The opening of the local stakeholder consultation was done by Mr. T. Nandakumar, Senior Manager(R&D), GAIL (India) Ltd. The concept, technology and design of the project activities were presented indetail and the expected benefits were discussed at length. The project was discussed in detail with the

help of a model of the project so that the local stakeholders can understand the project easily. Thediscussion was held in such a manner that it can be easily understood by laymen.

Mr. Parivesh Chug, Chief Manager (R&D), GAIL (India) Ltd explained about the CDM aspect of theproject and its various benefits. He informed that the project documents will now be submitted for theHost Country Approval (HCA).

The discussion about the project activities were carried out on a one to one basis. After the discussion,

stakeholders were asked to clarify their queries, if they have any. Stakeholders asked some questions andGAIL representatives gave the clarifications to those questions.

The following queries/comments were raised by the local stakeholders:

i) Is EIA has been carried out for this project or not?ii) How will the project benefit the environment?

iii) How long shall GAIL extract gas from the project?iv) Is this the first kind of project in India?v) What kind of technologies will be used for landfill gas purification?

vi) Is there any provision for prevention of mixing of rain water with the waste? Sealing ofboundaries is done or not?

vii) Is there any risk of O 2viii) The project area is only 4 hectare which is adjacent to the active site. So how the leaching from

the active site will be prevented?

leakage into the project boundary

ix) Is there any provision for Flue gas monitoring?

E.3.Report on consideration of comments received

Q.1Is EIA has been carried out for this project or not?Response by GAIL: EIA is not required for this kind of project and this is an environmentally benignproject and is exempt from the EIA under relevant existing regulations.

Q.2How will the project benefit the environment?Response by GAIL: The fugitive emission of Landfill gas to atmosphere shall be reduced by providing

the surface cover. This will lead to reduction in emissions of Greenhouse Gases to the atmosphere thereby

contributing towards the global efforts of combating global warming.


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Q.3How long shall GAI

Landfill Project

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