LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAMrepository.unika.ac.id/16218/1/13.11.0085 LTP Annisa... · 2018-05-30 · iv PRAKATA . Puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT atas segala limpahan rahmat, taufik

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PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR Periode LXXII, Semester Gasal , Tahun 2017/2018

LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM

GEDUNG PENYIARAN STASIUN TELEVISI NASIONAL ANAK DI JAKARTA

Tema Desain

Arsitektur Perilaku

Fokus Kajian

Aksesibilitas Anak Dalam Bangunan

Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan memperoleh gelar Sarjana Arsitektur

Disusun oleh:

Annisa Radita Puspita Ningtyas 13.11.0085

Dosen pembimbing :

Ir. Supriyono, MT. NIDN : 0615025701

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN

UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA September 2017

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PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN

Saya yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini :

Nama : Annisa Radita Puspita Ningtyas

NIM : 13.11.0085

Jurusan / Program Studi : Arsitektur

Fakultas / Program : Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain

Menyatakan dengan sebenar-benarnya bahwa Landasan Teori dan

Program yang berjudul “Gedung Penyiaran Stasiun Televisi Nasional Anak

di Jakarta” bukan merupakan karya plagiasi.

Apabila di kemudian hari terbukti atau dapat dibuktikan bahwa dalam

Landasan Teori Program ini terkandung ciri-ciri plagiat dan bentuk-bentuk

peniruan lain yang dianggap melanggar peraturan, maka saya bersedia

menerima sanksi atas perbuatan tersebut.

Semarang 28 September 2017

Penulis,

Annisa Radita Puspita Ningtyas

NIM : 13.11.0085

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PRAKATA

Puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT atas segala limpahan rahmat, taufik

serta hidayah-Nya sehingga dapat menyelesaikan karya tulis yang berbentuk

Landasan Teori dan Program dengan judul “ Gedung Penyiaran Stasiun

Televisi Nasional Anak di Jakarta” sesuai dengan waktu.

Penyusunan Landasan Teori dan Program ini digunakan sebagai salah

satu tahap dalam menempuh Projek Akhir Arsitektur (PAA) periode LXXII

sebagai persyaratan untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Arsitektur Universitas

Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang. LTP ini dapat tersusun dan terselesaikan

berkat dukungan, bantuan dan bimbingan dari berbagai pihak. Oleh karena itu,

penulis menyampaikan rasa terimakasih yang sedalam – dalamnya kepada:

1. Dra. B. Tyas Susanti MA. Ph.D, selaku Dekan Fakultas Arsitektur dan

Desain.

2. MD Nestri Kiswari ST. MSc, selaku Ketua Program Studi Arsitektur.

3. Ir. FX. Bambang S. MT, selaku Dosen Koordinator Projek Akhir Arsitektur.

4. Ir. Supriono. MT, selaku Dosen Pembimbing

5. Kerabat dan teman yang telah senantiasa memberikan doa dan bantuan.

Penulis menyadari bahwa Landasan Teori Perancangan ini masih jauh dari

kata sempurna, sehingga kiranya dapat memberikan saran dan kritik yang

sifatnya membangun agar kekurangan yang ada pada penulisan ini dapat

diperbaiki untuk penulisan selanjutnya. Akhir kata penulis berharap LTP ini

dapat berguna bagi pembaca dan penulis dapat melanjutkan PAA pada tahap

selanjutnya.

Semarang, 27 September 2017

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DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN............................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN............................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN ........................................................................ i

PRAKATA ................................................................................................ iv

DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................... v

DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................ viii

DAFTAR BAGAN ................................................................................... xiii

DAFTAR TABEL .................................................................................... xiv

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................ 1

1.1. Latar Belakang ............................................................................ 1

1.1.1. Kepentingan Mendesak (Urgency) ............................................ 2

1.1.2. Kebutuhan (Need)..................................................................... 3

1.1.3. Keterkaitan (Relevancy) ............................................................ 3

1.2. Tujuan dan Sasaran Pembahasan ............................................. 4

1.2.1. Tujuan .................................................................................... 4

1.2.2. Sasaran .................................................................................. 4

1.3. Manfaat Penulisan ...................................................................... 4

1.4. Lingkup Pembahasan ................................................................. 5

1.5. Metoda Pembahasan .................................................................. 5

1.5.1. Metoda Pengumpulan Data .................................................... 5

1.5.2. Metoda Penyusunan dan Analisis .......................................... 7

1.5.3. Metoda Pemprograman Arsitektur.......................................... 8

1.5.4. Metoda Perancangan Arsitektur ............................................. 8

1.6. Sitematika Pembahasan ........................................................... 10

BAB II METODOLOGI ............................................................................. 12

2.1. Tinjauan Umum ......................................................................... 12

2.1.1. Gambaran Umum ................................................................. 12

2.1.2. Latar Belakang – Perkembangan – Trend ............................ 15

2.1.3. Sasaran yang akan dicapai ................................................... 16

2.1.4. Manfaat yang ingin dicapai ................................................... 16

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2.2. Tinjauan Khusus ....................................................................... 18

2.2.1. Terminologi .......................................................................... 18

2.2.2. Spesifikasi Projek ................................................................. 19

2.2.3. Spesifikasi dan Persyaratan Desain ..................................... 54

2.2.4. Deskripsi Konteks Kota ........................................................ 56

2.2.5. Studi Banding Kasus Proyek Sejenis ................................... 63

2.2.6. Permasalahan Desain .......................................................... 74

2.3. Kesimpulan, batasan dan Anggapan ...................................... 75

BAB III ANALISA PENDEKATAN PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ............... 77

3.1. Analisa Pendekatan Arsitektur ................................................ 77

3.1.1. Studi Aktivitas ....................................................................... 77

3.1.2. Studi Fasilitas ....................................................................... 89

3.1.3. Studi Ruang Khusus ........................................................... 110

3.1.4. Studi Kebutuhan Ruang dan Lahan Parkir ......................... 126

3.2. Analisa Pendekatan Sistem Pembangunan .......................... 136

3.2.1. Studi Struktur ..................................................................... 136

3.2.2. Studi Sistem Enclosure Bangunan ..................................... 143

3.2.3. Studi Utilitas ....................................................................... 146

3.3. Analisa Pendekatan Konteks Lingkungan ............................ 160

3.3.1. Analisa Pemilihan Lokasi ................................................... 160

3.3.2. Pemilihan Lokasi ................................................................ 162

3.3.3. Alternatif Tapak .................................................................. 167

BAB IV PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ....................................................... 175

4.1. Konsep Program ..................................................................... 175

4.1.1. Aspek Citra ......................................................................... 175

4.1.2. Aspek Fungsi ..................................................................... 176

4.1.3. Aspek Teknologi ................................................................. 177

4.2. Tujuan Perancangan, Faktor Penentu Perancangan, Faktor

Persyaratan Perancangan ............................................................... 178

4.2.1. Tujuan Perancangan .......................................................... 178

4.2.2. Faktor Penentu Perancangan ............................................ 178

4.2.3. Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan ...................................... 179

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4.3. Program Arsitektur ................................................................. 181

4.3.1. Program Sistem Struktur dan Enclosure Bangunan ............. 181

4.3.2. Program Sistem Utilitas ...................................................... 183

4.3.3. Program Lokasi Tapak ....................................................... 185

BAB V KAJIAN TEORI ........................................................................ 193

5.1. Kajian Teori Penekanan / tema Desain ................................. 193

5.1.1. Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Penekanan Desain ................... 193

5.1.2. Arsitektur Perilaku .............................................................. 194

5.1.3. Studi Preseden ................................................................... 200

5.1.4. Kemungkinan Implementasi Teori Tema Desain ................ 202

5.2. Kajian Teori Permasalahan Dominan .................................... 212

5.2.1. Intepretasi dan Elaborasi Permasalahan Dominan ............ 213

5.2.2. Studi Preseden ................................................................... 216

5.2.3. Kemungkinan Penerapan Teori Permasalahan Desain ...... 217

DAFTAR PUSTAKA .............................................................................. 221

LAMPIRAN ............................................................................................ 224

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1. Acara Anak Laptop Si Unyil ........................................................................ 25

Gambar 2.2. Acara Dokumenter Anak Dunia Binatang ................................................... 25

Gambar 2.3. Acara Talk Show Anak ................................................................................ 26

Gambar 2.4. Acara Musik Anak ....................................................................................... 27

Gambar 2.5. Acara Quiz Show Anak ............................................................................... 27

Gambar 2.6. Acara Ketangkasan Anak ........................................................................... 28

Gambar 2.7. Acara Reality Show Anak Si Bolang ........................................................... 28

Gambar 2.8. Acara Drama Anak Hannah Montana ......................................................... 29

Gambar 2.9. Kegiatan Produksi Outdoor ......................................................................... 43

Gambar 2.10. Kegiatan Indoor Melalui Master Control Room ......................................... 44

Gambar 2.11. Ruang Studio Fleksibel ............................................................................. 44

Gambar 2.12. Master Control Room ................................................................................ 45

Gambar 2.13. Studio Dubbing Ruang Editing .................................................................. 46

Gambar 2.14. Studio Dubbing Ruang Recording ............................................................ 46

Gambar 2.15. Studio Auditorium ...................................................................................... 46

Gambar 2.16. Perpustakaan ............................................................................................ 47

Gambar 2.17. Cafe........................................................................................................... 47

Gambar 2.18. Souvenir Store .......................................................................................... 48

Gambar 2.19. Kamera Studio ........................................................................................... 51

Gambar 2.20 Jenis Kamera yang Digunakan ................................................................. 52

Gambar 2.21. Lampu Studio ........................................................................................... 52

Gambar 2.22. Lamp Switcher ......................................................................................... 52

Gambar 2.23. Layar LCD ................................................................................................ 52

Gambar 2.24. Video Switcher ......................................................................................... 53

Gambar 2.25. VTR ......................................................................................................... 53

Gambar 2.26. Sound System ........................................................................................... 53

Gambar 2.27. Telecine ................................................................................................... 54

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Gambar 2.28. Komputer edditing kit ............................................................................... 54

Gambar 2.29. Peta DKI Jakarta ....................................................................................... 57

Gambar 2.31. 25 Zona RDTR .......................................................................................... 59

Gambar 2.32. Nilai Intensitas Pada Beberapa Zona ....................................................... 60

Gambar 2.33. Kantor Trans TV ........................................................................................ 64

Gambar 2.34. Ruang – Ruang Fasilitas Utama ............................................................... 65

Gambar 2.35. Cafe Bene Trans TV ................................................................................. 65

Gambar 2.36. Master Control Room Trans TV ................................................................ 65

Gambar 2.37. Studio Berita Trans TV.............................................................................. 66

Gambar 2.38. R.Pertemuan ............................................................................................. 66

Gambar 2.39. Staff Area Trans TV .................................................................................. 66

Gambar 2.40. Staff Area Trans TV .................................................................................. 67

Gambar 2.41.Team Produser Room ................................................................................ 67

Gambar 2.42. R.Rapat Pimpinan ..................................................................................... 67

Gambar 2.43. Selasar Trans TV ...................................................................................... 70

Gambar 2.44. Selasar Trans TV ...................................................................................... 71

Gambar 2.45. Selasar Trans TV ...................................................................................... 71

Gambar 2.46.. R.Studio Serbaguna ................................................................................. 72

Gambar 2.47. Master Control Room Trans 7 .................................................................. 73

Gambar 2.53. R.Animator Trans 7 ................................................................................... 73

Gambar 3.1. Tipe Panggung Prosenium ....................................................................... 116

Gambar 3.2. Tipe Panggung Terbuka ........................................................................... 117

Gambar 3.3. Tipe Panggung Arena ............................................................................... 117

Gambar 3.4. 3 Poin Sistem Lighting .............................................................................. 119

Gambar 3.5. Jenis Lampu Soft Light ............................................................................ 120

Gambar 3.6. Saah Satu Jenis Lampu Hard Light ......................................................... 120

Gambar 3.7. Denah Penataan Lighting Grid ................................................................. 121

Gambar 3.8. Lighting Grid .............................................................................................. 121

Gambar 3.9. Denah Studio Auditorium .......................................................................... 123

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Gambar 3.10. Denah Studio Serbaguna ........................................................................ 124

Gambar 3.10. Denah Studio Serbaguna ........................................................................ 125

Gambar 3.11. Denah Studio Serbaguna ........................................................................ 126

Gambar 3.12. Pondasi Bore Pile ................................................................................... 137

Gambar 3.13. Pondasi Pancang .................................................................................... 138

Gambar 3.14. Pondasi Pancang .................................................................................... 139

Gambar 3.16. Struktur Rangka Beton ............................................................................ 139

Gambar 3.17. Struktur Rangka Baja .............................................................................. 140

Gambar 3.17. Pengecoran plat beton ............................................................................ 140

Gambar 3.18. Pengecoran plat beton ............................................................................ 141

Gambar 3.19. Precast Hollow ........................................................................................ 141

Gambar 3.20. Atap Beton .............................................................................................. 142

Gambar 3.22. Rangka Truss .......................................................................................... 142

Gambar 3.23. Lantai Karpet ........................................................................................... 143

Gambar 3.24. Lantai Keramik ........................................................................................ 143

Gambar 3.25. Lantai Marmer ......................................................................................... 143

Gambar 3.26. Bata Ringan ............................................................................................ 144

Gambar 3.27. Penerapan Cladding ............................................................................... 144

Gambar 3.28. Penerapan Partisi Ruangan .................................................................... 144

Gambar 3.29. Kusen UPVC ........................................................................................... 144

Gambar 3.30. Curtain Wall Kaca ................................................................................... 145

Gambar 3.31. Plafon Akustik ......................................................................................... 145

Gambar 3.32. Plafon Gypsumboard .............................................................................. 145

Gambar 3.33. Plafon Kalsiboard .................................................................................... 145

Gambar 3.33. Penerapan Plafon PVC Pada Ruangan .................................................. 146

Gambar 3.34. Sistem Up Feed dan Down Feed Pada Bangunan Tingkat Tinggi ......... 150

Gambar 3.34. Sistem Shaft Sampah Pada Bangunan Tingkat Tinggi .......................... 152

Gambar 3.35. Tabung APAR ......................................................................................... 153

Gambar 3.36. Pemasangan Hydrant di Pekarangan ..................................................... 154

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Gambar 3.37. Tangga Darurat Pada Bangunan ............................................................ 154

Gambar 3.39. Pintu Darurat Pada Bangunan ................................................................ 155

Gambar 3.40. Sprinkler Pada Bangunan ....................................................................... 155

Gambar 3.41. Pemanfaatan Cahaya Alami Kedalam Bangunan .................................. 156

Gambar 3.41. Pemanfaatan Cahaya Buatan Pada Studio ............................................ 158

Gambar 3.42. Elevator Barang dan Elevator Penumpang ............................................ 159

Gambar 3.46. Lokasi Tapak 1 ........................................................................................ 168

Gambar 3.47. Lokasi Tapak 1 ........................................................................................ 168

Gambar 3.48. Analisis Area Lingkungan Tapak A ......................................................... 169

Gambar 3.49. Lokasi Tapak A ...................................................................................... 170

Gambar 3.50. Lokasi Tapak B ...................................................................................... 171

Gambar 3.51. Lokasi Tapak B ...................................................................................... 171

Gambar 3.51. Analisis Area Lingkungan Tapak B ......................................................... 172

Gambar 3.52. Area Lingkungan Tapak B ...................................................................... 173

Gambar 3.53. Area Lingkungan Tapak B ...................................................................... 173

Gambar 4.1. Zonasi Tapak ............................................................................................ 185

Gambar 4.2. Analisis Area Lingkungan Tapak A ........................................................... 186

Gambar 4.3. Fasilitas Lampu Sepanjang Jalan ............................................................. 187

Gambar 4.4. Pedestrian 2m Pada Samping Tapak ....................................................... 187

Gambar 4.5. Vegetasi eksisting ..................................................................................... 188

Gambar 4.6. Pemberhentian Bus Trans Jakarta ........................................................... 188

Gambar 4.7. Analisis Luas Tapak .................................................................................. 190

Gambar 4.8. Analisis Kemiringan Kontur ....................................................................... 190

Gambar 4.9. Gambar CAD Lokasi Tapak ...................................................................... 191

Gambar 4.11. Cemara ................................................................................................... 191

Gambar 4.10. Palem Kuning .......................................................................................... 191

Gambar 4.12. Pohon Trembesi ...................................................................................... 192

Gambar 4.13 Pucuk Merah ............................................................................................ 192

Gambar 4.8. Paving Block ............................................................................................. 192

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Gambar 4.9. Rumput Gajah Mini ................................................................................... 192

Gambar 5.1. Gedung Booker Park School .................................................................... 200

Gambar 5.2. Fasilitas Booker Park School .................................................................... 201

Gambar 5.3. Kantor Pixar .............................................................................................. 201

Gambar 5.4. Interior Kantor Pixar .................................................................................. 202

Gambar 5.5. Area Library Anak ..................................................................................... 205

Gambar 5.6. Signage WC Umum .................................................................................. 206

Gambar 5.7. Penggunaan Sticker Kaca ........................................................................ 206

Gambar 5.8. Penggunaan Penutup Lantai Karpet ......................................................... 207

Gambar 5.9. Break Time Room Kids ............................................................................. 207

Gambar 5.10. Studio Anak ............................................................................................. 207

Gambar 5.11. Penggunaan Warna Dalam Interior ........................................................ 210

Gambar 5.12. Area Sitting Room ................................................................................... 210

Gambar 5.13. Area Sitting Room ................................................................................... 211

Gambar 5.14. Break Room ............................................................................................ 211

Gambar 5.15. Pencahayaan Kantor .............................................................................. 212

Gambar 5.16. Signage Space Dot Kids ......................................................................... 216

Gambar 5.17. Jenis Pintu Space Dot Kids .................................................................... 216

Gambar 5.18 Tangga dalam bangunan ......................................................................... 217

Gambar 5.18. Handling Spaces Dot KIds ...................................................................... 217

Gambar 5.20. Prabot Yang Disesuaikan Fisik Anak ...................................................... 218

Gambar 5.21. Daun Pintu .............................................................................................. 219

Gambar 5.22. Dounble Handling ................................................................................... 219

Gambar 5.23. Railing Kaca ............................................................................................ 219

Gambar 5.24. Penutup anak tangga .............................................................................. 220

Gambar 5.25. Signage Yang Menarik Perhatian Anak .................................................. 220

Gambar 5.26. Signage Yang Diaplikasikan di Lantai .................................................... 220

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DAFTAR BAGAN

Diagram 1.1. Metoda Pemprograman dan Perancangan ............................................... 10

Diagram 2.1. Proses Singkat Produksi Acara Hingga Penonton ..................................... 30

Diagram 2.2. Proses Kerja Produksi Acara Pre-Production ............................................ 31

Diagram 2.3. Proses Kerja Pre-Production Hingga Prost Production ............................. 33

Diagram 2.4. Proses Kerja Produksi Acara Pre-Production ............................................ 38

Diagram 2.5. Struktur Organisasi Trans TV ..................................................................... 69

Diagram 3.1. Pola Aktivitas Secara General ................................................................... 84

Diagram 3.2. Pola Aktivitas Datang ................................................................................. 84

Diagram 3.3, Pola Aktivitas Keluar .................................................................................. 85

Diagram 3.4. Pola Aktivitas Pengelola ............................................................................. 85

Diagram 3.5.Pola Aktivitas Pengunjung ........................................................................... 85

Diagram 3.6. Pola Aktivitas Bintang Tamu ...................................................................... 86

Diagram 3.7. Pola Aktivitas Bintang Tamu Anak – Anak ................................................. 86

Diagram 3.8. Pola Sirkulasi Kegiatan Utama ................................................................. 100

Diagram 3.9. Pola Sirkulasi Pengunjung ....................................................................... 101

Diagram 3.10.Pola Sirkulasi Pengelola ......................................................................... 102

Diagram 3.11. Pola Sirkulasi Kegiatan Penunjang ........................................................ 103

Diagram 3.12. Sirkulasi AC Central ............................................................................... 148

Diagram 3.13. Alur Jaringan Listrik Bangunan .............................................................. 151

Diagram 5.1. Diagram Tema Arsitektur ......................................................................... 194

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1. Klasifikasi Program Acara Berdasarkan Usia ................................................. 20

Tabel 2.2. Fasilitas Pengelola &Service .......................................................................... 48

Tabel 2.3. Prasarana Fasilitas Utama.............................................................................. 49

Tabel 2.4. Prasarana Fasilitas Pengelola ........................................................................ 49

Tabel 2.5. Prasarana Fasilitas Service ............................................................................ 50

Tabel 2.7. Pembagian Kecamatan Dki Jakarta ................................................................ 57

Tabel 2.8. Fungsi Ruang Perlantai Trans TV .................................................................. 64

Tabel 2.9. Presentase Program Acara Trans 7 ............................................................... 68

Tabel 3.1. Kegiatan Aktivitas Utama ................................................................................ 78

Tabel 3.2. Kegiatan Aktivitas Penunjang ......................................................................... 79

Tabel 3.3. Kegiatan Aktivitas Pengelola & Service .......................................................... 80

Tabel 3.4. Kegiatan Aktivitas Anak .................................................................................. 83

Tabel 3.5. Waktu Operasional Bangunan ........................................................................ 87

Tabel 3.6.Pendekatan Kebutuhan Ruang ........................................................................ 89

Tabel 3.7.Pembagian Sifat Ruang ................................................................................... 94

Tabel 3.8. Persyaratan Ruang ......................................................................................... 96

Tabel 3.9. Analisis pendekatan jumlah pengelola ......................................................... 104

Tabel 3.10. Presentase Program Acara Anak ............................................................... 105

Tabel 3.11, Total Pelaku ................................................................................................ 110

Tabel 3.12. Studi Kebutuhan Ruang Aktivitas Utama .................................................... 127

Tabel 3.13. Studi Kebutuhan Ruang Pengelola ............................................................. 129

Tabel 3.13. Studi Kebutuhan Ruang Penunjang & Service ........................................... 131

Tabel 3.14. Macam Sub Structure ................................................................................. 137

Tabel 3.15. Analisa Macam Upper Structure ................................................................. 139

Tabel 3.16. Analisa Macam Penutup Atap .................................................................... 142

Tabel 3.17. Analisa Macam Enclosure bangunan ......................................................... 143

Tabel 3.18. Analisa Pemilihan Lokasi ............................................................................ 167

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Tabel 3.19. Analisa Tapak A .......................................................................................... 169

Tabel 3.20. Analisa Tapak B .......................................................................................... 172

Tabel 3.21. Analisa Pemilihan Tapak ............................................................................ 174

Tabel 4.1. Analisa Program Struktur dan Enclosure ...................................................... 181

Tabel 4.2. Analisa Program Utilitas ................................................................................ 183

Tabel 4.3. Analisa Tapak A ............................................................................................ 186

Tabel 5.1. Tabel Perilaku Anak dan Respon ................................................................. 205

Tabel 5.1. Tabel Perilaku Orang Dewasa di Kantor dan Respon .................................. 209