Land use and Climate driven Land use and Climate driven alternation of trophic interactions alternation of trophic interactions in tundra ecosystems: an alpine in tundra ecosystems: an alpine example from 62 example from 62 o o N N Annika Hofgaard Arctic Change 2008, Quebec, 10 December 2008
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Land use and Climate driven Land use and Climate driven alternation of trophic interactions alternation of trophic interactions in tundra ecosystems: an alpine in tundra ecosystems: an alpine
example from 62example from 62ooNN
Annika HofgaardArctic Change 2008, Quebec, 10 December 2008
Annika Hofgaard (coordinator)Nina Eide, Graciela RuschRoel May, Dagmar Hagen
Lars Erikstad, Duncan HalleyJan-Ove
Gjershaug, Jiska van DijkBodil
Wilmann
Norwegian Institute for Nature Research
(NINA)
Funding
Research Council of Norway, Strategic Institute Program 2007-2010
“Alpine 62oN” is a regional scale project aiming at deepening knowledge on climate and land use driven changes in trophic interactions and consequences for ecosystem services
Project aimAlpine 62Alpine 62°°NN
Demands for goods and services from tundra systems is multifold and in constant changeTundra areas are regionally exposed to intense human use but large parts of the Arctic still has low degree of exploitationChange is to come at a broad scale around the circumpolar north in time with changed sea routes, improved accessibility to arctic resources, and increased tourism
BackgroundAlpine 62Alpine 62°°NN
Intensified land use ultimately will change alpine and arctic systems from being primarily climate driven to being climate and land use driven Land use will, hypothetically, move towards the role of a more dominant ecosystem driver although the speed will vary among trophic levels and climatic regions Central question: To what degree is climate an ecosystem driver in regions with multifold human use?
BackgroundAlpine 62Alpine 62°°NN
Conceptual framework
Ecosystem states
Environmentalpressures
Impacts
EcosystemResponses
Natural Driver Climate
Socioeconomic DriverLand use
Society responses
Alpine 62Alpine 62°°NN
Ecosystem servicesDrivers
PressuresStates
ImpactsResponses
Top-
down
٧Bo
ttom
-up
regu
lati
on?
Local:food, pasture, tourism
Regional:water resources, snowduration & distribution
Global:albedo –
feedback to climate
FoodHuntingTourism
TourismEcosystem regulation?Conflicts?
Processes and functions with importance to the environment we are depending on
Climate ٧ Land useregulation?
Baseline environmental and land use data derived from digital cartography, DEMs
and
other geo-referenced data
Sampled biological data in randomly selected sets of 1x1 km grid units in three alpine regions in central Norway with oceanic, intermediate and continental climates, respectively
Project designAlpine 62Alpine 62°°NN
120 km
oceanic
continental
intermediate
Alpine 62Alpine 62°°NN
Environmental & land use data:altitudelandscape mosaic (e.g. abundance
of water bodies and mires) terrain ruggednessclimate sectionmeteorological datasnow cover regimedistance to forest covered areasproportion of shrub covered areasdistance to roads, power lines andbuildings
frequency and timing of grazingby domestic and semi-domestic animals
hunting and legal carnivorepopulation regulation
The biological data
includes numerous variables linked to four key biotic components
representing different trophic levels:
Vegetation (species composition, physiognomic structure, recruitment after disturbance)