LAKE WAWASEE, KOSCIUSKO COUNTY EMERGENT VEGETATION SURVEY IN ECOZONE AREAS OF JOHNSON AND CONKLIN BAY AND TIER II SURVEY RESULTS - 2008 PREPARED FOR: WAWASEE AREA CONSERVANCY FOUNDATION P.O. BOX 548 SYRACUSE, INDIANA 46567 PREPARED BY: V3 COMPANIES 7325 JANES AVENUE WOODRIDGE, ILLINOIS 60517 630.724.9200 MARCH 3, 2009
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LAKE WAWASEE KOSCIUSKO COUNTY EMERGENT …...Johnson and Conklin Bay are yellow pond lily (Nuphar variegate) and white water lily (Nymphaea oderata). Johnson Bay had 10 species within
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LAKE WAWASEE, KOSCIUSKO COUNTY
EMERGENT VEGETATION SURVEY IN
ECOZONE AREAS OF
JOHNSON AND CONKLIN BAY
AND TIER II SURVEY RESULTS - 2008
PREPARED FOR:
WAWASEE AREA CONSERVANCY FOUNDATION P.O. BOX 548
SYRACUSE, INDIANA 46567
PREPARED BY:
V3 COMPANIES 7325 JANES AVENUE
WOODRIDGE, ILLINOIS 60517 630.724.9200
MARCH 3, 2009
Emergent Vegetation Survey Report (2008) V3 Companies ▪ i Lake Wawasee, Kosciusko County March - 2009
Executive Summary V3 was contracted by the Wawasee Area Conservancy Foundation (WACF) to complete Tier II aquatic vegetation sampling and ecozone vegetation surveying in Johnson and Conklin Bay. The WACF received a Lake and River Enhancement (LARE) grant which was used to fund the vegetation study. The LARE grant program is part of the Indiana Department of Natural Resources (IDNR) Division of Fish and Wildlife effort for continued viability of Indiana’s publicly accessible lakes, streams and reservoirs. Funding for the LARE program is provided by an annual fee charged to boat owners. Additional funding was provided by the WACF. The goal of this study is to establish baseline data on the vegetative community in ecozone areas of Johnson and Conklin Bay in order to monitor changes in the vegetative community over time so that these significant aquatic communities or ecozones will be protected appropriately. Lake Wawasee is a 3,410-acre lake in northeastern Kosciusko County, Indiana. Lake Wawasee has historically had high water quality attributed to the many water-filtering wetlands in its watershed. Wetlands are especially critical habitats for wildlife, and exceed all other land types in wildlife productivity (Kent, 1994). The protection of wetland areas in Lake Wawasee’s watershed is an extremely high priority. Ecozone areas were established to protect and restore wetland vegetation as well as provide boater safety. No herbicide treatments were conducted in ecozone areas in 2008. Ecozone vegetation surveying in Johnson Bay was conducted on August 14, 2008 and Conklin Bay was surveyed on August 15, 2008. The most common floating-leaf emergent species within Johnson and Conklin Bay are yellow pond lily (Nuphar variegate) and white water lily (Nymphaea oderata). Johnson Bay had 10 species within the emergent beds and Conklin Bay had 7 species. V3 mapped 12 beds along Johnson Bay’s shoreline ranging from 0.01 – 2.60 acres and totaled 8.7 acres. Starry stonewort is an exotic species that was found within Johnson Bay and will be monitored in future studies. Conklin Bay had 12 beds ranging from 0.05 – 3.19 acres and totaled 7.97 acres. In addition to ecozone surveys, V3 conducted Tier II vegetative sampling in Johnson Bay on August 13, 2008 and Conklin Bay on August 14, 2008. Johnson Bay’s three most frequently occurring species were chara (46%), Eel grass (26%) and nitella (18%). Exotic species within Johnson Bay include Eurasian watermilfoil and starry stonewort. Conklin Bay’s three most frequently occurring species were eel grass (47.5%), chara (40%), and northern watermilfoil (30%). Curlyleaf pondweed was the only exotic species found in Conklin Bay. V3 also surveyed public access sites for the presence of a newly introduced exotic species called Hydrilla. Hydrilla was not collected or observed during the survey effort. These vegetation surveys are proposed to improve Lake Wawasee’s ecosystem and facilitate the achievement of overall goals established by the IDNR. These overall goals established by the IDNR for all lakes applying for LARE funding are: 1) develop or maintain a stable, diverse aquatic vegetative community that supports a good balance of predator and prey fish and wildlife species, good water quality, and is resistant to minor habitat disturbances and invasive species; 2) direct efforts to preventing and/or controlling the negative impacts of aquatic invasive species; and 3) provide reasonable public recreational access while minimizing the negative impacts on plant and wildlife resources. Ecozones were established in Lake Wawasee in 2002, the outer boundary of this zone is now defined through the use of GPS points via this study.
Emergent Vegetation Survey Report (2008) V3 Companies ▪ ii Lake Wawasee, Kosciusko County March - 2009
Acknowledgements V3 would like to acknowledge Angela Sturdevant and Gwen White with Indiana Department of Natural Resources (IDNR) LARE program for providing funding and assistance in the completion of this study. We would like to recognize Jed Pearson, IDNR District Fisheries Biologists, for consultation and information. We would also like to thank Jed Pearson for providing procedural training for the ecozone survey protocol. We would like to recognize the Wawasee Area Conservancy Foundation as the local sponsor that provided assistance and guidance including: Heather Harwood and Deborah Flanagan. We would like to thank the members of the Wawasee Area Conservancy Foundation for their commitment to improving this lake. We would like to express gratitude to George Hardie for his accommodation of the field sampling crew. Finally, we would like to acknowledge V3 staff involved in the research, sampling and document preparation including: Ed Belmonte, Wally Levernier, and Jessica Dunn.
Emergent Vegetation Survey Report (2008) V3 Companies ▪ iii Lake Wawasee, Kosciusko County March - 2009
Table of Contents Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................... i Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................................... ii Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 1
Sampling Methodology for Summer Tier II Survey ...................................................................... 4 Johnson Bay Results of Summer Tier II Survey.............................................................................. 7 Johnson Bay Aquatic Vegetation Sampling Results Discussion ..................................................... 9 Conklin Bay Results of Summer Tier II Survey ............................................................................ 16 Conklin Bay Aquatic Vegetation Sampling Results Discussion .................................................... 18 Secchi Readings in Johnson and Conklin Bay ............................................................................. 18
Emergent Vegetation Survey in Ecozone Areas ............................................................................. 23 Emergent Surveying Sampling Methodology............................................................................. 23 Johnson and Conklin Bay Floating-Leaf Emergent Surveying Results ......................................... 24
Conklin Bay Emergent Plant Bed Photographs............................................................................... 31 North Bay Floating-Leaf Emergent Surveying Results ................................................................ 35
Emergent Vegetation Survey Report (2008) V3 Companies ▪ iv Lake Wawasee, Kosciusko County March - 2009
List of Figures Figure 1: Conklin Bay Buoy Locations Figure 2: Great blue heron in Conklin Bay wetland area Figure 3: Johnson Bay Tier II Sampling Locations - 2008 Figure 4: Conklin Bay Tier II Sampling Locations - 2008 Figure 5: Johnson Bay Tier II Chara Results Figure 6: Johnson Bay Tier II Eel Grass Results Figure 7: Johnson Bay Tier II Nitella Results Figure 8: Johnson Bay Tier II Eurasian watermilfoil Results Figure 9: Johnson Bay Tier II Starry stonewort Distribution Figure 10: V3 photos taken from Johnson Bay Tier II sampling. Rake throw +100% (left),
starry bulbils characteristic of starry stonewort (middle), starry stonewort collected in mat (right).
Figure 11: Conklin Bay Tier II Eel Grass Results Figure 12: Conklin Bay Tier II Chara Results Figure 13: Conklin Bay Tier II Northern Milfoil Results Figure 14: Conklin Bay Tier II Curlyleaf pondweed Distribution Figure 15: Johnson Bay Emergent Beds Figure 16: Johnson Bay Emergent Survey Starry Stonewort Results Figure 17: Conklin Bay Emergent Beds Figure 18: Conklin Bay Emergent Beds with 2009 Projected Buoy Locations Figure 19: North Bay Emergent Survey Results
List of Tables Table 1: Species collected or observed in Johnson and Conklin Bay during Tier II sampling. Table 2: Johnson Bay Tier II survey results from August 13, 2008. Table 3: Conklin Bay Tier II survey results from August 14, 2008. Table 4: Conklin and Johnson Bay’s vegetative bed acreages. Table 5: Floating-leaf emergent plant bed size and species composition in Johnson Bay on
August 14, 2008. Table 6: Floating-leaf emergent plant bed size and species composition in Conklin Bay on
August 14, 2008. Table 7: Floating-leaf emergent clump size and species composition in North Bay on
August 14, 2008.
Appendix Appendix I: Data Sheets and Tier II Latitude/Longitude Appendix II: Additional Educational Resources
Emergent Vegetation Survey Report (2008) V3 Companies ▪ 1 Lake Wawasee, Kosciusko County March - 2009
Introduction Ecozones are established to protect shallow water emergent vegetation which is a vital component of lake ecosystems. Emergent vegetation within ecozones reduces the amount of sediments that are suspended by wave action and prevents shoreline erosion. Aquatic plant communities depend on soil type, water depth, water clarity and nutrient availability for their health. Aquatic plant communities are impacted by a number of stressors including: currents, waves, activities of animals and humans. Motorized boating impacts aquatic plants and habitat may include direct impacts such as the cutting of plant material, scouring of substreate by propellers and uprooting by boat hulls. Indirect impacts may result from boat-generated turbidity and increased suspended solids in shallow areas which decreases light penetration. Decreased light intensity can reduce photosynthetic rates and limit rooting depth of submerged macrophytes. Sediment deposition on leaves can inhibit photosynthesis and increased wave exposure generated by boats can affect aquatic plant distribution, species composition and growth rates (IDNR 2007a). In 1996, Commonwealth Engineers, Inc. performed a Diagnostic Feasibility Study for the Wawasee Area Watershed. Commonwealth discussed the importance of wetlands to the overall health of the entire ecosystem and named Conklin Bay, Johnson Bay and Mud Lake as vital to the health of a self-sustaining fishery (Commonwealth Engineers 1996). Legislation enacted in 2000 allowed for establishing ecozones on public waters where the use of watercraft may be limited or prohibited for fish, wildlife, botanical resource management, or for the protection of users (IDNR 2007a). Ecozones were first established on Lake Wawasee in 2002. The Ecozone in Conklin Bay was marked with 39 buoys, and seven of these buoys were physically placed, see Figure 1. Data collected in August 2008 on the submersed, floating leaf, and emergent vegetation community in ecozone areas of Johnson and Conklin Bay will provide baseline information that will be used to track changes in the vegetative community. Submersed vegetation was sampled using the Tier II survey (IDNR 2007b) and floating-leaf beds were sampled using a technique developed by IDNR fisheries biologists (Pearson 2004), although modified to include floating pondweed (Potomogeton natans). No herbicide treatments were conducted in ecozone areas in 2008.
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TITLE:
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PROJECT NO.:
FIGURE:
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Conklin Bay Buoy Locations
Indiana Spatial Data Service 2005 Orthophotography
Wawasee Area Conservancy Foundation
PO Box 548Syracuse, IN 46567
Lake Wawasee Emergent Plant Survey
06037.04
Lake Wawasee 8/15/08
111
1" = 550'
V3 Companies7325 Janes AvenueWoodridge, IL 60517630.724.9200 phone630.724.9202 faxwww.v3co.com
±
Legend%, IDNR Placed Buoys
%, Unplaced Buoy Locations
Emergent Vegetation Survey Report (2008) V3 Companies ▪ 3 Lake Wawasee, Kosciusko County March - 2009
Waterbody Characteristics Lake Wawasee, located in northeastern Kosciusko County, has 3,410 surface acres with a maximum depth of 77 feet and an average depth of 22 feet (Tyllia, 2000). The Wawasee Watershed covers 23,618 acres including Wawasee, Syracuse, Bonar and Papakeechie lakes as well as ten lakes in the upper Turkey Creek sub watershed. Lake Wawasee drains approximately 24,450 acres. Lake Wawasee is the largest natural lake in Indiana and is highly valued to many stakeholders. The lake has an excellent fishery, large expanse of open water, no speed limit, public access site, and the shoreline is highly developed. Inboard and outboard motors are allowed which makes Lake Wawasee very popular with water skiers, jet skiers, and boaters. Lake Wawasee also has an immense aesthetic value. Wetlands located throughout Lake Wawasee provide habitat for many species and provide great opportunities for wildlife viewing. It is not uncommon to view turtles basking or Great Blue Herons among water lilies of Lake Wawasee’s wetlands (Figure 2). In addition to these activities, Lake Wawasee has an excellent fishery. It harbors many healthy populations of popular game fish such as largemouth bass, northern pike, bluegills, crappies, and yellow perch. Popular fishing spots include Johnson Bay and Conklin Bay. Figure 2: Great blue heron in Conklin Bay.
Emergent Vegetation Survey Report (2008) V3 Companies ▪ 4 Lake Wawasee, Kosciusko County March - 2009
Tier II Sampling Results 2008 On August 13th and 14th 2008 a Tier II survey was conducted on Johnson and Conklin Bay using the IDNR 2007 Tier II Protocol. The Tier II Aquatic Vegetation Survey Protocol, designated by the IDNR, serves as a standardized method to document the distribution and abundance of aquatic vegetation within selected areas at a state wide scale. The information collected can be used to compare present trends in distribution and abundance of the aquatic plant community to past conditions. A table outlining the species collected or observed in Johnson and Conklin Bay during Tier II sampling is listed below (Table 1).
Table 1: Species collected or observed in Johnson and Conklin Bay during Tier II sampling. Johnson Bay Conklin Bay
Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Name Common Name Ceratophyllum demersum Coontail Ceratophyllum demersum Coontail Chara sp. Chara Chara sp. Chara Elodea Canadensis Canada waterweed Myriophyllum heterophyllum Two leaf watermilfoil Hypnaceae soft water moss Myriophyllum sibiricum Northern watermilfoil
Utricularia vulgaris Bladderwort Utricularia vulgaris Bladderwort Vallisneria americana Eel grass Vallisneria americana Eel grass * Indicates exotic species
Sampling Methodology for Summer Tier II Survey Plant communities typically reach peak diversity between July 15 and August 31. Sampling efforts occurred during this time frame and included a representative sample of the species within Johnson and Conklin Bay. According to the IDNR protocol, the number and depth of sampling locations is based on trophic status and acreage. Johnson and Conklin Bay are Mesotrophic, meaning they have moderate levels of algae and nutrients. Johnson Bay required 50 sampling locations (Figure 3) and Conklin Bay required 40 sampling locations (Figure 4). Sample sites were spaced evenly throughout each bay. Sampling locations for the 2008 aquatic vegetation survey were located with the GPS unit. Tier II data sheets and sampling locations’ latitude and longitude can be found in Appendix I. At each station a sampling rake is used for collecting vegetation samples. Once a species is identified, vegetation abundance is scored as a 1 (1-19%), 3 (20-100%), or 5 (+100%) based on the vegetation density on the rake. Species are scored as a 9 if they are observed within the vicinity of the sampling station but not collected. After completion of the sampling effort a secchi disk reading and water quality measurements are taken to complete the field effort.
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Wawasee Area Conservancy Foundation
PO Box 548Syracuse, IN 46567
Indiana Spatial Data Service 2005 Orthophotography
Johnson Bay Tier IISampling Locations - 2008 Lake Wawasee Emergent Plant Survey
06037.04 3
1"=500'8/13/08
11
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Lake Wawasee
V3 Companies7325 Janes AvenueWoodridge, IL 60517630.724.9200 phone630.724.9202 faxwww.v3co.com
Legend
!> Secchi Reading Location
!( Tier II Sampling Locations
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Wawasee Area Conservancy FoundationPO Box 548
Syracuse, IN 46567
Indiana Spatial Data Service 2005 Orthophotography
Conklin Bay Tier II Sampling Locations - 2008 Lake Wawasee Emergent Plant Survey
06037.04 4
1" = 500'8/14/08
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Lake Wawasee
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V3 Companies7325 Janes AvenueWoodridge, IL 60517630.724.9200 phone630.724.9202 faxwww.v3co.com
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!> Secchi Reading Location
!( TierII Sampling Locations
500 0 500250Feet
Emergent Vegetation Survey Report (2008) V3 Companies ▪ 7 Lake Wawasee, Kosciusko County March - 2009
Johnson Bay Results of Summer Tier II Survey
The Tier II survey completed on August 13th, 2008 identified a total of sixteen species within Johnson Bay with vegetation present up to a depth of 23 feet. Exotic species collected included Eurasian watermilfoil and starry stonewort. A secchi disk reading was taken after sampling and was found to be at 9 feet. The legal lake water level for Lake Wawasee is 858.87 feet which is 8.87 feet on the staff gauge. The lake water level on August 13, 2008 was 6.77, which was 2.1 feet below the legal level of the lake. Sampling results for the species collected are listed in Table 2.
Emergent Vegetation Survey Report (2008) V3 Companies ▪ 8 Lake Wawasee, Kosciusko County March - 2009
Table 2: Johnson Bay Tier II survey results from August 13, 2008 County: Kosciusko 50 1.86
Species 0 1 3 5Chara sp. Chara 13.0 87.0 13.0 0.0 0.0Nitella sp. Nitella 13.0 87.0 13.0 0.0 0.0Depth: 25 to 30 ft
Species 0 1 3 5Rake score frequency per species Plant Dominance
*No species were found in this depth range
2.9
Common NameFrequency of
Occurrence (%)Rake score frequency per species
Plant Dominance
2.52.5
Common NameFrequency of
Occurrence (%)
33.333.3
5.72.9
Common NameFrequency of
Occurrence (%)Rake score frequency per species
Plant Dominance
5.0
Common NameFrequency of
Occurrence (%)Rake score frequency per species
Plant Dominance
20.020.05.0
45.025.030.030.0
0.80.8
Common NameFrequency of
Occurrence (%)Rake score frequency per species
Plant Dominance
7.72.31.51.5
4.66.25.45.4
Common NameFrequency of
Occurrence (%)Rake score frequency per species
Plant Dominance
15.4
0.40.40.4
Maximum species/site:Species diversity:
4.8
31.5
1.60.82.40.4
3.2
Native species diversity:
Frequency of Occurrence (%)
Rake score frequency per species
6.0
Plant Dominance
17.2
5.2
Number of species:Number of native species:
Total sites:Sites with plants:
Sites with native plants:Standard error (mns/s):
Mean species/site:Standard error (ms/s):
Mean native species/site:
11.6
4.8
3.6
1.6
Common Name
Emergent Vegetation Survey Report (2008) V3 Companies ▪ 9 Lake Wawasee, Kosciusko County March - 2009
Johnson Bay Aquatic Vegetation Sampling Results Discussion Tier II sampling provides quantitative data on the occurrence, distribution, and abundance of aquatic vegetation. A diverse native vegetative community is vital in providing proper fish habitat, shoreline stabilization, and preventing the spread and/or establishment of invasive species such as Eurasian watermilfoil and curlyleaf pondweed. The results of the Tier II sampling effort identified chara as the most dominant species (DI 17.2). Chara was present at 46% of sample sites within Johnson Bay (Figure 5). Chara is an advanced algae that provides habitat for fish and macroinvertebrate species. Eel grass ranked second in frequency of occurrence and was collected at 26% of sample sites (Figure 6). Nitella was the third most frequently occurring species and was found at 18% of sample sites (Figure 7). Approximately 75% of sampling locations within Johnson Bay were vegetated and native species diversity was high (0.9890). The exotic species within Johnson Bay include Eurasian watermilfoil and starry stonewort. Eurasian watermilfoil is the primary nuisance exotic species within Lake Wawasee because of its ability to grow into dense weed beds and spread rapidly through fragmentation. Eurasian watermilfoil was present at 4% of sampling locations (Figure 8). Eurasian watermilfoil crowds out native plants reducing biodiversity, diminishes fish habitat and negatively impacts wetland habitats. Management efforts to maintain Eurasian watermilfoil at a low frequency is necessary to prevent it from becoming a dominant species. The objective of this study is to identify the present condition of the vegetative community in order to monitor changes in the vegetative community over time. Starry stonewort is a new exotic species to Lake Wawasee that originates from Eurasia and is best identified by tiny starry bulbils along the lower parts of the stem (Stewart, 2001). Starry stonewort was found at 10% of sampling locations during the Tier II sampling effort (Figure 9). Starry stonewort was found at a depth of 13 feet with a +100% density on the rake.
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Wawasee Area Conservancy Foundation
PO Box 548Syracuse, IN 46567
Indiana Spatial Data Service 2005 Orthophotography
Johnson Bay Tier II Chara Results Lake Wawasee Emergent Plant Survey
06037.04 5
1"=500'8/13/08
11
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Lake Wawasee
V3 Companies7325 Janes AvenueWoodridge, IL 60517630.724.9200 phone630.724.9202 faxwww.v3co.com
LegendChara Distribution
!( No Plants Retrieved
!( 1-19% Rake Teeth Filled
!( 20-100% Rake Teeth Filled
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Wawasee Area Conservancy Foundation
PO Box 548Syracuse, IN 46567
Indiana Spatial Data Service 2005 Orthophotography
Johnson Bay Tier IIEel Grass Results Lake Wawasee Emergent Plant Survey
06037.04 6
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Lake Wawasee
V3 Companies7325 Janes AvenueWoodridge, IL 60517630.724.9200 phone630.724.9202 faxwww.v3co.com
LegendEel Grass Distribution
!( No Plants Retrieved
!( 1-19% Rake Teeth Filled
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Wawasee Area Conservancy Foundation
PO Box 548Syracuse, IN 46567
Indiana Spatial Data Service 2005 Orthophotography
Johnson Bay Tier IINitella Results Lake Wawasee Emergent Plant Survey
06037.04 7
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Lake Wawasee
V3 Companies7325 Janes AvenueWoodridge, IL 60517630.724.9200 phone630.724.9202 faxwww.v3co.com
LegendNitella Distribution
!( No plants Retrieved
!( 1-19% Rake Teeth Filled
500 0 500250Feet
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Wawasee Area Conservancy Foundation
PO Box 548Syracuse, IN 46567
Indiana Spatial Data Service 2005 Orthophotography
Johnson Bay Tier II Eurasian Watermilfoil Results
Lake Wawasee Emergent Plant Survey
06037.04 8
1'=500'8/13/08
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Lake Wawasee
V3 Companies7325 Janes AvenueWoodridge, IL 60517630.724.9200 phone630.724.9202 faxwww.v3co.com
LegendEurasian watermilfoil Distribution
!( No plants retrieved
!( 1-19 % Rake Teeth Filled
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500 0 500250Feet
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Wawasee Area Conservancy Foundation
PO Box 548Syracuse, IN 46567
Indiana Spatial Data Service 2005 Orthophotography
Johnson Bay Tier IIStarry Stonewort Results Lake Wawasee Emergent Plant Survey
06037.04 9
1"=500'8/13/08
11
±
TITLE:
PROJECT:
BASE LAYER:
CLIENT:
PROJECT NO. EXHIBIT:
SHEET: OF:
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DATE:
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Lake Wawasee
V3 Companies7325 Janes AvenueWoodridge, IL 60517630.724.9200 phone630.724.9202 faxwww.v3co.com
Emergent Vegetation Survey Report (2008) V3 Companies ▪ 15 Lake Wawasee, Kosciusko County March - 2009
Starry stonewort has the ability to form a monoculture in deep areas that don’t facilitate native species and has been recorded growing at depths up to 20 feet. Starry stonewort very rarely produces spore as spore production is controlled by light levels, and tends to take place from July to September if light conditions are met. Starry stonewort reproduces through the star-shaped bulbils that occur on the lower stem nodes (Figure 10). These bulbils stay viable for several years. Starry stonewort will be closely monitored in future surveys to determine its impact to the native vegetative community. We recommend a complete lake summer survey be completed to determine other locations within Lake Wawasee with starry stonewort.
Figure 10: V3 photos taken during Johnson Bay Tier II sampling. Rake throw +100% (left), starry bulbils characteristic of starry stonewort (middle), starry stonewort collected in mat (right).
Emergent Vegetation Survey Report (2008) V3 Companies ▪ 16 Lake Wawasee, Kosciusko County March - 2009
Conklin Bay Results of Summer Tier II Survey
The Tier II survey completed on August 14th, 2008 identified a total of sixteen species within Conklin Bay with vegetation present up to a depth of 14 feet. Conklin Bay had a high native species diversity value (0.989) and had vegetation at 95% of sampling locations. A secchi disk reading was taken after sampling and was found to be at 9 feet. Curlyleaf pondweed was the only exotic species found in Conklin Bay. The maximum number of species collected at a single sampling location was seven. The legal lake water level for Lake Wawasee is 858.87 feet which is 8.87 feet on the staff gauge. The lake water level on August 14, 2008 was 6.82 feet, which was 2.05 feet below the legal level of the lake. Sampling results for the species collected by rake are listed in Table 3.
Emergent Vegetation Survey Report (2008) V3 Companies ▪ 17 Lake Wawasee, Kosciusko County March - 2009
Table 3: Conklin Bay Tier II survey results from August 14, 2008.
Emergent Vegetation Survey Report (2008) V3 Companies ▪ 18 Lake Wawasee, Kosciusko County March - 2009
Conklin Bay Aquatic Vegetation Sampling Results Discussion
The goal of this study is to establish baseline data on the vegetative community in ecozone areas of Johnson and Conklin Bay in order to monitor changes in the vegetative community over time so that these significant aquatic communities or ecozones will be protected appropriately. Aquatic vegetation is a valuable component of lake ecosystems. Aquatic vegetation provides habitat, cover, erosion control, reduces wave action, and is vital in nutrient cycling. Aquatic vegetation has the ability to take in pollutants from contaminated water and utilize nutrients that would otherwise be used by algae, thereby improving water clarity. Understanding the vegetative community of Conklin Bay through Emergent Surveys and Tier II sampling allows for vegetative health to be assessed. State or federally protected threatened or endangered species were not present within Lake Wawasee’s Johnson Bay and Conklin Bay. No voucher specimens were collected during the efforts of this project. The results of the Conklin Bay Tier II sampling effort identified eel grass as the most frequently occurring species. Eel grass was collected at 47.5% of sampling locations (Figure 11). Eel grass is characterized by the long, flattened, tape-like leaves that emerge from the base of the plant. Eel grass is a beneficial native species as it is an important food source for waterfowl. Chara, an advanced algae, ranked second in frequency of occurrence and was recorded at 40% of sampling locations (Figure 12). Northern watermilfoil was collected at 30% of sampling locations and ranked third in frequency of occurrence (Figure 13). Northern watermilfoil is a beneficial native species that provides cover for fish and invertebrates and supports insects eaten by fish. Curlyleaf pondweed was the only exotic species within Conklin Bay with a frequency of occurrence of 2.5% (Figure 14). Curlyleaf pondweed is a submersed exotic species that has the ability to create nuisance conditions as dense colonies of curlyleaf pondweed can restrict access to docks and fishing areas during the spring and early summer months. Curlyleaf pondweed typically reaches peak biomass in the late spring or early summer months, forms turions, then declines and remains in a dormant state during the warmer months (Nichols and Shaw 1986). Curlyleaf pondweed usually declines during the later summer months, it does not directly compete with many of the native submersed species. Management activities to reduce densities of curlyleaf pondweed should be undertaken in spring when water temperatures are at or below 56-67 degrees Fahrenheit to have maximum benefit.
Secchi Readings in Johnson and Conklin Bay Secchi disk transparency measurements are determined by the depth at which a standard black and white disk is no longer visible in the water column. Visibility is generally lower during late summer months as algae growth increases during warm summer months. Secchi depths have usually been between 10 and 15 feet at Lake Wawasee (Aquatic Weed Control 2005). Secchi depths were 9 feet in Johnson and Conklin Bay which was slightly below the range provided in the Lake Wawasee Aquatic Vegetation Management Plan 2005. Secchi readings collected during the 2008 sampling effort couldn’t be compared to similar location as data was not available.
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Wawasee Area Conservancy FoundationPO Box 548
Syracuse, IN 46567
Indiana Spatial Data Service 2005 Orthophotography
Conklin Bay Tier II Eel Grass Results Lake Wawasee Emergent Plant Survey
06037.04 11
1" = 500'8/14/08
11
Lake Wawasee
±
TITLE:
PROJECT:
PROJECT NO.:
EXHIBIT:
SHEET: OF:
BASE LAYER:
CLIENT: QUADRANGLE: DATE:
SCALE:
V3 Companies7325 Janes AvenueWoodridge, IL 60517630.724.9200 phone630.724.9202 faxwww.v3co.com
LegendEel Grass Distribution
!( No Plants Retrieved
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500 0 500250Feet
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Wawasee Area Conservancy FoundationPO Box 548
Syracuse, IN 46567
Indiana Spatial Data Service 2005 Orthophotography
Conklin Bay Tier II Chara Results Lake Wawasee Emergent Plant Survey
06037.04 12
1" = 500'8/14/08
11
Lake Wawasee
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V3 Companies7325 Janes AvenueWoodridge, IL 60517630.724.9200 phone630.724.9202 faxwww.v3co.com
LegendChara Distribution
!( No Plants Retrieved
!( 1-19% Rake Teeth Filled
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!( +100% Rake Teeth Filled
500 0 500250Feet
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11 10
Wawasee Area Conservancy FoundationPO Box 548
Syracuse, IN 46567
Indiana Spatial Data Service 2005 Orthophotography
Conklin Bay Tier II Northern Watermilfoil Results Lake Wawasee Emergent Plant Survey
06037.04 13
1" = 500'8/14/08
11
Lake Wawasee
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V3 Companies7325 Janes AvenueWoodridge, IL 60517630.724.9200 phone630.724.9202 faxwww.v3co.com
LegendNorthern Watermilfoil Distribution
!( No Plants Retrieved
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Wawasee Area Conservancy FoundationPO Box 548
Syracuse, IN 46567
Indiana Spatial Data Service 2005 Orthophotography
Conklin Bay Tier II Curlyleaf Pondweed Results Lake Wawasee Emergent Plant Survey
06037.04 14
1" = 500'8/14/08
11
Lake Wawasee
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TITLE:
PROJECT:
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CLIENT: QUADRANGLE: DATE:
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V3 Companies7325 Janes AvenueWoodridge, IL 60517630.724.9200 phone630.724.9202 faxwww.v3co.com
LegendCurlyleaf Distribution
!( No Plants Retrieved
!( 1-19% Rake Teeth Filled
500 0 500250Feet
Emergent Vegetation Survey Report (2008) V3 Companies ▪ 23 Lake Wawasee, Kosciusko County March - 2009
Emergent Vegetation Survey in Ecozone Areas Emergent surveying involves a sampling technique designed to map the extent of floating vegetative beds while looking at species composition in order to better understand the changes in vegetative coverage over time. Floating-leaf emergent aquatic vegetation have large leaves that float or extend slightly above the surface of the water and are usually present at depths greater than two feet (Borman et al. 1999). Floating-leaf vegetation provides habitat for fish and other aquatic species as well as adding an aesthetic component which adds to a lake’s unique features. In spite of the many benefits floating aquatic vegetation has it can become a nuisance due to their natural growth habit of growing lakeward of the shoreline. Access needed for boating, fishing and swimming become inhibited when dense vegetative beds spread across lake areas. A balance between recreational uses and the natural function of floating aquatic vegetation must be central to management efforts. Studying the current condition of floating vegetative beds in Johnson and Conklin Bay will allow for better understanding of species composition and size of the floating-leaf beds which can be used to validate future management efforts. Additional information regarding the importance of wetland habitats can be found in Appendix II.
Emergent Surveying Sampling Methodology GPS technology, mapping programs, and Rangefinders allow for vegetative beds to be mapped at a lower cost than traditional transect surveys while still providing accurate geo-referenced data that can be easily shared. A vegetative bed was defined as a geo-referenced polygon with distinct edges enclosing a contiguous stand of floating-leaf emergent plants (Pearson, 2004). Smaller isolated stands of floating-leaf emergents or individual plants were defined as “patches”. V3 used Guidelines for sampling floating-leaf emergent plants in Indiana Lakes, Pearson 2004 as the emergent survey protocol. According to DNR protocol (Pearson 2004) “Floating-leaf plants do not include submersed species with leaves that float on the surface or form surface canopies, such as Potamogeton spp.” However, we deviated from this component of the protocol because we wanted to accommodate the submersed species that are functionally providing the same role as floating-leaf species within the emergent beds. Similar functional roles that submersed species, such as Potamogeton, provide include habitat coverage, physical resistance in the form of wave breaking, structure for fish, and sediment stabilization. All other components of the protocol were followed. Jed Pearson did not see this as a problem or a flaw for ecozone monitoring at Lake Wawasee as information regarding floating pondweed (Potomogeton natans) could prove useful in terms of monitoring the response to the ecozone. Floating-leaf pondweed data may be useful and may want to continue to map it’s edge as well (Pearson, 2008). Vegetative bed widths were measure landward at each GPS coordinate (Garmin) with an optical rangefinder. The perimeter of vegetative beds was measured with ArcGIS software based on polygons created through GPS points taken in the field. Bed coverage area was calculated using XTools in GIS software.
Emergent Vegetation Survey Report (2008) V3 Companies ▪ 24 Lake Wawasee, Kosciusko County March - 2009
Protocol for vegetative bed surveying required a two person crew equipped with a GPS unit that would log GPS waypoints while boating counter clockwise along the lakeward edge of vegetative beds. Datasheets were completed for each bed denoting an “S” which symbolized the start of a bed and an “E” symbolizing the end of a bed. The purpose of this sampling method is to locate, delineate, and characterize floating-leaf emergent aquatic vegetative beds in a standardized manner which allows Indiana lakes to be compared at a state-wide scale.
Johnson and Conklin Bay Floating-Leaf Emergent Surveying Results The most common floating-leaf emergent species within Johnson and Conklin Bay are yellow pond lily Nuphar variegata and white water lily Nymphaea oderata. We mapped 12 beds (71 transects) along Johnson Bay’s shoreline. Beds ranged from 0.01-2.60 acres and totaled 8.7 acres (Table 5). Vegetative beds were found on all shorelines of Johnson Bay (Figure 15). Starry stonewort was present during the emergent survey at 30% of sites and continued monitoring is necessary to determine if it will become a nuisance species within Johnson Bay (Figure 16). Photographs of Johnson Bay’s emergent plant beds were unable to be included in this report. Future surveys will include representative photos for each plant bed. We mapped 12 beds (70 transects) along the shoreline of Conklin Bay. Photographs of Conklin Bay plant beds are found on page 31. Beds ranged from 0.05-3.19 acres and totaled 7.97 acres (Table 6). Vegetative beds were concentrated in the southern portion of Conklin Bay which is attributed to the undeveloped shoreline that is characteristic of the southern portion (Figure 17). Figure 17 depicts the 39 buoy locations with the seven currently placed buoy locations identified. On January 8, 2009, WACF met with IDNR, Wawasee Property Owners Association (WPOA) and Citizens for Responsible Environmental Lake Policy (CRELP) to identify additional buoy locations to be placed during 2009 within Conklin Bay. Seven more buoy locations were selected at the meeting and are planned to be added, also shown on Figure 18. Table 4: Species collected or observed in Johnson and Conklin Bay during emergent surveying.
Johnson Bay (8/14/08) Conklin Bay (8/15/08) Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Name Common Name
Species Frequency of Occurrence (%)* Species Composition
Yellow pond lily
Broadleaf arrowhead
*Species Present
Hardstem Bulrush
White water lilyArrow ArumPickerelweedFloating pondweed
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FIGURE:
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Conklin Bay Emergent Beds
Indiana Spatial Data Service 2005 Orthophotography
Wawasee Area Conservancy Foundation
PO Box 548Syracuse, IN 46567
Lake Wawasee Emergent Plant Survey
06037.04
Lake Wawasee 8/15/08
1711
1" = 550'
V3 Companies7325 Janes AvenueWoodridge, IL 60517630.724.9200 phone630.724.9202 faxwww.v3co.com
±
Legend%, IDNR Placed Buoys
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Conklin Bay Emergent Beds with2009 Projected Buoy Locations
Indiana Spatial Data Service 2005 Orthophotography
Wawasee Area Conservancy Foundation
PO Box 548Syracuse, IN 46567
Lake Wawasee Emergent Plant Survey
06037.04
Lake Wawasee 8/15/08
1811
1" = 550'
V3 Companies7325 Janes AvenueWoodridge, IL 60517630.724.9200 phone630.724.9202 faxwww.v3co.com
±
Legend&- 2009 Projected Buoy Locations
%, IDNR Placed Buoys
%, Unplaced Buoy Locations
Emergent Vegetation Survey Report (2008) V3 Companies ▪ 31 Lake Wawasee, Kosciusko County March - 2009
Conklin Bay Emergent Plant Bed Photographs Bed: 1 Size: 3.19 Dominant Species: Floating pondweed Number of Species: 4 Bed: 2 Size: 0.57 Dominant Species: Floating pondweed Number of Species: 2 Bed: 3 Size: 0.57 Dominant Species: Floating pondweed Number of Species: 2
Emergent Vegetation Survey Report (2008) V3 Companies ▪ 32 Lake Wawasee, Kosciusko County March - 2009
Bed: 4 Size: 0.05 Dominant Species: White water lily Number of Species: 2 Bed: 5 Size: 1.59 Dominant Species: Yellow pond lily Number of Species: 3 Bed: 6 Size: 0.27 Dominant Species: Yellow pond lily Number of Species: 2
Emergent Vegetation Survey Report (2008) V3 Companies ▪ 33 Lake Wawasee, Kosciusko County March - 2009
Bed: 7 Size: 0.12 Dominant Species: Mixed Number of Species: 2 Bed: 8 Size: 1.01 Dominant Species: White water lily Number of Species: 2 Bed: 9 Size: 0.16 Dominant Species: White water lily Number of Species: 1
Emergent Vegetation Survey Report (2008) V3 Companies ▪ 34 Lake Wawasee, Kosciusko County March - 2009
Bed: 10 Size: 0.11 Dominant Species: Yellow pond lily Number of Species: 3 Bed: 11 Size: 0.18 Dominant Species: Mixed Number of Species: 3 Bed: 12 Size: 0.15 Dominant Species: Hardstem bulrush Number of Species: 1
Emergent Vegetation Survey Report (2008) V3 Companies ▪ 35 Lake Wawasee, Kosciusko County March - 2009
North Bay Floating-Leaf Emergent Surveying Results North Bay was added as a parallel to Johnson and Conklin Bays during the field inventory effort. GPS technology was used to identify distinct edges enclosing a contiguous stand of floating-leaf emergent plants. V3 used Guidelines for sampling floating-leaf emergent plants in Indiana Lakes, Pearson 2004 as the emergent survey protocol, although modified to include floating pondweed (Potomogeton natans). The perimeter of vegetative beds was measured with ArcGIS software based on polygons created through GPS points taken in the field. Bed coverage area was calculated using XTools in GIS software. Hardstem bulrush, floating pondweed and white water lily composed the three emergent clumps in North Bay (Figure 19). Floating pondweed was the most dominant species among the clumps present in North Bay. Clump 1 was the most diverse and had all three species present. The sizes of the clumps ranged from 0.04 acres to 1.14 acres (Table 7). Future surveys will include representative photos for each plant bed.
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Wawasee Area Conservancy FoundationPO Box 548
Syracuse, IN 46567
Indiana Spatial Data Service 2005 Orthophotography
North Bay Emergent Survey Results Lake Wawasee Emergent Plant Survey
06037.04 19
1" = 100'8/14/08
11
Lake Wawasee
±
TITLE:
PROJECT:
PROJECT NO.:
EXHIBIT:
SHEET: OF:
BASE LAYER:
CLIENT: QUADRANGLE: DATE:
SCALE:
V3 Companies7325 Janes AvenueWoodridge, IL 60517630.724.9200 phone630.724.9202 faxwww.v3co.com
Legend!( GPS Location
250 0 250125Feet
Clump 1Clump 3 Clump 2
Table 7: Floating-leaf emergent clump size and species composition in North Bay on August 14, 2008.
Clump Acres Sites
Mean Width (yds) NYMODT POTNAT SCIACU N N/site Dominance
Emergent Vegetation Survey Report (2008) V3 Companies ▪ 38 Lake Wawasee, Kosciusko County March - 2009
Monitoring Strategy V3 recommends that ecozone areas in Johnson and Conklin Bay are surveyed annually for a minimum of five years using the Tier II survey (IDNR 2007b) and floating-leaf emergent plant survey developed by IDNR fisheries biologists (Pearson 2004). In addition to emergent sampling V3 will survey around the access sites for the presence of hydrilla. Survey will be completed no earlier than late June. If hydrilla is suspected, the location should be identified with GPS coordinates. Johnson Bay had starry stonewort at 10% of Tier II sampling locations and 30% of emergent survey locations. V3 recommends a complete lake survey be completed during the summer of 2009 to determine if starry stonewort is present in other locations of Lake Wawasee. A data analysis should be conducted at the end of the five year period to determine changes in emergent zones vegetative community and if surveying should be continued.
Cost Estimate The proposed cost estimate for 2009 and 2010 are summarized below. 2009 Emergent Plant Surveys in Ecozone Areas $10,000 Publication of the findings of the Emergent Plant Surveys in Ecozone areas within Conklin and Johnson Bay $2,000 2010 Emergent Plant Surveys in Ecozone Areas $11,000 Publication of the findings of the Emergent Plant Surveys in Ecozone areas within Conklin and Johnson Bay $2,000
Emergent Vegetation Survey Report (2008) V3 Companies ▪ 39 Lake Wawasee, Kosciusko County March - 2009
Indiana. Benson, A.C. 2006. Lake Wawasee, Kosciusko County, 2005 Fish Management Report. Indiana
Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish and Wildlife, Indianapolis, IN. Borman, S.R Korth, and J Temte. 1999. Through the looking glass: a field guide to aquatic plants.
Wisconsin Lakes Partnership, University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point, WI. Commonwealth Engineering, Inc. 1996. Lake Enhancement Diagnostic/Feasibility Study for the
Wawasee Area Watershed. March 1996. Indiana Department of Natural Resources (IDNR) 2007a. Protection of Significant Aquatic
Communities (Ecozones) in Indiana Lakes and Rivers. Indiana Division of Fish and Wildlife. Revised April 2007.
IDNR 2007b. Tier II Aquatic Vegetation Survey Protocol. Indiana Department of Natural
Resources, Division of Fish and Wildlife, Indianapolis, Indiana. Kent, D.M 1994. Applied Wetlands Science and Technology. Lewis Publishers. Boca Raton, FL.
329 pp. Madsen, J.D., J.W. Sutherland, J.A. Bloomfield, L.W. Eichler and C.W. Boylen. 1991. The Decline
of native vegetation under dense Eurasian watermilfoil canopies. J. Aquatic Plant Management 29: 94-99.
Netherland, M. D., J. D. Skogerboe, C. S. Owens, and J. D. Madsen. 2000. Influence of water
temperature on the efficacy of diquat and endothall versus curlyleaf pondweed. J. Aquat. Plant Manage. 38:25-32.
Pearson, Jed. 2004. Guidelines for sampling floating-leaf emergent plants in Indiana Lakes. IN
Department of Natural Resources. Division of Fish & Wildlife. Stewart, N. F. (2001) Review of the status of Biodiversity Action Plan stonewort species. Plantlife. Tyllia, J. 2000. Northeastern Indiana Fishing Map Guide. Superior, Wisconsin. 184 pp.
V3 Consultants, Ltd. 2005. Lake Wawasee Watershed Diagnostic Study. Woodridge, IL. Weed Patrol, Inc. 2005. Lake Wawasee Aquatic Plant Management Plan 2005 – 2008.
Warsaw, IN. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Extension. http://www.protectyourwaters.net/resources/
Emergent Vegetation Survey Report (2008) V3 Companies ▪ 40 Lake Wawasee, Kosciusko County March - 2009
Woolf, T. T., and J. D. Madsen. 2003. Seasonal biomass and carbohydrate allocation patterns in southern Minnesota curlyleaf pondweed populations. J. Aquat. Plant Manage. 41:113-118.