Endurance Limit for HMA Based on Healing Phenomenon Using Viscoelastic Continuum Damage Analysis by Waleed Zeiada A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Approved July 2012 by the Graduate Supervisory Committee: Kamil Kaloush, Co-Chair Matthew Witczak, Co-Chair Claudia Zapata Michael Mamlouk ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY August 2012