Labeled Bone Images

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Labeled Bone Images


Figure 7-1 The Axial SkeletonSKELETAL SYSTEM 206

APPENDICULAR SKELETON

(see Figure 8–1)

Cranium

Hyoid

Sternum

Ribs

Vertebrae

Sacrum

Coccyx

Associatedbones

Skull

FaceSkull and

associatedbones

Thoraciccage

Vertebralcolumn

AXIAL SKELETON

Auditoryossicles

8

14

6

1

1

24

24

1

1

29

25

26

80

An anterior view of the entireskeleton, with the axialcomponents highlighted. Thenumbers in the boxes indicatethe number of bones in the adultskeleton.

Sternum

Costalcartilages

Skull

Ribs

Lumbarvertebrae

Coccyx

Sacrum

Anterior (left) and posterior (right) views of the axial skeleton.The individual bones associated with the skull are not visible.

Cervicalvertebrae

Thoracicvertebrae


Figure 7-1a The Axial SkeletonSKELETAL SYSTEM 206

APPENDICULAR SKELETON

(see Figure 8–1)

Cranium

Hyoid

Sternum

Ribs

Vertebrae

Sacrum

Coccyx

Associatedbones

Skull

FaceSkull and

associatedbones

Thoraciccage

Vertebralcolumn

AXIAL SKELETON

Auditoryossicles

8

14

6

1

1

24

24

1

1

29

25

26

80

An anterior view of the entire skeleton, with the axial components highlighted. The numbers in the boxes indicate the number of bones in the adult skeleton.


Figure 7-3a The Adult Skull

PARIETALBONE(left)

PARIETALBONE(right)

OCCIPITALBONE

MANDIBLE

TEMPORAL BONE

Sagittal suture

Lambdoidsuture

Squamoussuture

Mastoid processStyloid process

Occipital condyle

External occipitalprotuberance

Posterior view


Figure 7-3b The Adult Skull

PARIETALBONE(left)

PARIETALBONE(right)

Lambdoidsuture

Sagittalsuture

OCCIPITAL BONE

Coronalsuture

FRONTAL BONE

ZYGOMATICBONE

NASAL BONES

Superior view


Figure 7-3c The Adult Skull

TEMPORALBONE

PARIETALBONE

OCCIPITALBONE

FRONTALBONE

Lateral view

Squamous suture

Lambdoid suture

Squamous part oftemporal bone

External acousticmeatus

Mastoid process

Zygomaticarch

Styloid processZygomatic process

of temporal boneTemporal processof zygomatic bone

Coronal suture

SPHENOID

NASAL BONE

LACRIMAL BONE

ETHMOID

MAXILLA

ZYGOMATIC BONE

MANDIBLE

Supra-orbital foramen

Infra-orbital foramen

Mental foramen

Mental protuberance


Figure 7-3d The Adult Skull

Coronal suture

SPHENOID

NASAL BONE

LACRIMAL BONE

ETHMOID

MAXILLA

Supra-orbital foramen

Infra-orbital foramen

Mental foramen

Mental protuberance

ZYGOMATIC BONE

Optic canal

Inferior orbital fissure

Temporal process ofzygomatic bone

Mastoid process oftemporal bone

Middle nasal concha(part of ethmoid)Perpendicular plateof ethmoid Bony nasal

septumVOMER

Superior orbital fissure

PARIETAL BONE

TEMPORAL BONE

PALATINE BONE

INFERIORNASAL CONCHA

MANDIBLE

Anterior view

FRONTAL BONE


Figure 7-3e The Adult Skull

ZYGOMATIC BONE MAXILLA

TEMPORAL BONE

PALATINE BONE

Zygomatic arch

Medial and lateralpterygoid processes

Foramen lacerum

Carotid canal

Mastoid process

Stylomastoid foramen

Occipital condyle

Foramen magnum

VOMER

SPHENOID

OCCIPITAL BONE

FRONTAL BONE

Jugular foramen

Foreman ovale

Styloid processMandibular fossa

Externalacoustic meatus

Lambdoid suture

External occipitalprotuberance

Inferior view


Figure 7-4b The Sectional Anatomy of the Skull (Part 1 of 1)

Foramenmagnum

Carotid canal

Internal occipital crest

FRONTAL BONE

ETHMOID

SPHENOID

TEMPORAL BONE

PARIETAL BONE

OCCIPITAL BONE

Crista galli

Cribriform plate

Sella turcica

Foramen rotundum

Foramen lacerum

Foramen ovale

Foramen spinosum

Internalacoustic meatus

Jugular foramen

Hypoglossal canal

Superior view of a horizontal section through the skull, showing thefloor of the cranial cavity. Compare with part (a) and with Figure 7–3e.


Figure 7-12c The Mandible and Hyoid Bone

Hyoid bone


Figure 7-15 The Skull of an Infant

Sphenoidalfontanelle

NASAL BONE

MAXILLA

Coronalsuture

FRONTALBONE

PARIETALBONE

Squamous suture

Lambdoid suture

OCCIPITAL BONE

Mastoidfontanelle

TEMPORALBONE

SPHENOID

MANDIBLE

Lateral view

PARIETALBONE

FRONTALBONE

Sagittal sutureAnteriorfontanelle

Frontal sutureCoronalsuture

FRONTALBONE PARIETAL

BONE

Lambdoidsuture

OCCIPITALBONE

OccipitalfontanelleSuperior view


Figure 7-16 The Vertebral Column

Spinal Curves

Primary curves developbefore birth, and secondarycurves after birth.

The cervical curve, asecondary curve, develops asthe infant learns to balance theweight of the head on thevertebrae of the neck.

The thoracic curve, aprimary curve,accommodates thethoracic organs.

The lumbar curve, asecondary curve, balancesthe weight of the trunk overthe lower limbs; it developswith the ability to stand.

The sacral curve, aprimary curve,accommodates theabdominopelvic organs.

Vertebral Regions

Regions are definedby anatomicalcharacteristics ofindividual vertebrae.

Cervical(7 vertebrae)

Thoracic(12 vertebrae)

Lumbar(5 vertebrae)

Sacral

Coccygeal


Figure 7-18b Vertebral Anatomy

A lateral and slightly inferiorview of a vertebra

Arrow passingthrough vertebral

foramen

Vertebral body

Pedicle

Spinousprocess

Inferior articularprocess

Inferior articularfacet

Transverseprocess

Superior articularprocess


Figure 7-18c Vertebral Anatomy

Spinousprocess

Inferiorarticularprocess

Superiorarticularprocess

Transverseprocess

Inferiorarticular

facet

Vertebralforamen

Pedicle

Vertebralbody

An inferior view of avertebra


Figure 7-18de Vertebral Anatomy

A lateral and sectional viewof three articulatedvertebrae

Arrow passingthrough vertebral

canal

Vertebral body

Inferiorarticular

facetAn posterior view ofthree articulatedvertebrae

Inferiorarticularprocess

Vertebral body

Transverse process

Intervertebral disc

Spinous process

Intervertebraldisc

Intervertebralforamen

Lamina ofvertebral arch

Superior articular process

Superior articular facets


Figure 7-19d The Cervical Vertebrae

Axis (C2)

Posteriorarch

Atlas (C1)

Dens ofaxis

Anteriorarch

Transverseligament

The atlas (C1) and axis (C2).


Table 7-2 Regional Differences in Vertebral Structure and Function (Part 2 of 2)


Figure 7-22a The Sacrum and Coccyx

Sacral cornu

Articularprocess

Entrance tosacral canal

Sacraltuberosity

Lateralsacral crest

Mediansacral crest

Coccygeal cornu

Sacralhiatus

A posterior view


Figure 7-23 The Thoracic CageJugular notch

Clavicular articulation

Manubrium

Sternum Body

Xiphoidprocess

Costalcartilages

An anterior view, showing thecostal cartilages and the sternum

False ribs(ribs 8–12)

A posterior view, showing thearticulations of the ribs and vertebrae

True ribs(ribs 1–7)

False ribs(ribs 8–12)

True ribs(ribs 1–7)

Floating ribs(ribs 11–12)

Vertebrochondralribs

(ribs 8–10)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

12

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

C7

T1

T2

T3

T4

T5

T6

T7

T8

T9

T10

T11

T12

L1

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

T12

T11

T1


Figure 8-1 The Appendicular Skeleton (Part 1 of 2)

ClaviclePectoral

girdle

Upperlimbs

Scapula

Humerus

Radius

Ulna

Carpalbones

Metacarpalbones

Phalanges

Pelvicgirdle

Hip bone

SKELETAL SYSTEM

AXIAL SKELETON APPENDICULAR SKELETON

(see Figure 7–1)

206

80 126

4

2

60

16

10

28

2

2

2

2

22


Figure 8-1 The Appendicular Skeleton (Part 2 of 2)

Lowerlimbs

Femur

Patella

Tibia

Fibula

Tarsal bones

Metatarsalbones

Phalanges

2

2

2

2

60

14

10

28


Figure 8-2 The Right Clavicle

Clavicle

The position of the clavicle withinthe pectoral girdle, anterior view.

MEDIALLATERAL

Scapula Jugular notch Acromial end Sternalend

Superior view of the right clavicle.

Acromial end

Conoidtubercle

Costaltuberosity

Sternalfacet

Sternal end

Inferior view of the right clavicle.Stabilizing ligaments attach to the conoidtubercle and the costal tuberosity.

LATERAL MEDIAL

Facet forarticulationwith acromion


Figure 8-3 The Right Scapula

Acromion

Coracoidprocess

Superiorborder

Superiorangle

Lateralangle

Subscapularfossa

Lateral border

Body

Inferior angle

Anterior view

Acromion

Supraglenoidtubercle

Coracoidprocess

Spine

Medial border

Glenoidcavity

Lateral border

Inferior angle

Lateral view

AcromionSupraspinousfossa

Superiorborder

Coracoidprocess

Neck

Spine

InfraspinousfossaBody

Medialborder

Lateralborder

Posterior view


Figure 8-4a The Right Humerus and Elbow Joint

Greater tubercle

Lesser tubercle

Intertuberculargroove

Head

Anatomicalneck

Surgicalneck

Deltoidtuberosity

Shaft

Anterior surface

Radial fossa

Lateralepicondyle

Condyle

Capitulum Trochlea

Coronoid fossa

Medialepicondyle


Figure 8-4b The Right Humerus and Elbow JointHead

Anatomicalneck

Surgicalneck

Deltoidtuberosity

Radial groove

Greater tubercle

Olecranon fossa

Medialepicondyle

Trochlea

Lateralepicondyle

Posterior surface


Figure 8-5 The Right Radius and Ulna

Olecranon

Proximalradioulnar

joint

ULNA

Ulnar head

Styloid processof ulna

Posterior view

Radial head

Neck ofradius

Radial tuberosity

RADIUS

Interosseousmembrane

Ulnar notchof radius

Styloid processof radius

Olecranon

Trochlear notch

Coronoid process

Radial notch

Ulnar tuberosity

ULNA

ULNA

Lateral viewof ulna, showingtrochlear notch

Distal radio-ulnar joint

Ulnar head

Anterior view


Figure 8-6b Bones of the Right Wrist and Hand

ULNA

Triquetrum

Pisiform

Hamate

Posterior view

VIV III II

I

RADIUS

Lunate

Scaphold

Trapezium

Trapezoid

Capitate

Metacarpalbones

Proximalphalanx

Distalphalanx

Middlephalanx


Figure 8-7 The Right Hip Bone

Ischium

Iliac crest

Anteriorsuperior

iliac spine

Inferiorgluteal line

Anterior inferioriliac spine

Acetabulum

Acetabular notch

Superior ramus of pubis

Pectineal line

Pubic tubercle

Inferior ramus of pubis

Obturator foramen

Ischial ramus

Ischial tuberosity

Lesser sciaticnotch

Ischial spine

Lunate surfaceof acetabulum

Greater sciatic notch

Posterior inferioriliac spine

Posteriorsuperior

iliac spine

Posteriorgluteal line

Anteriorgluteal line

Right hip bone, lateral view Right hip bone, medial view

ANTERIORPOSTERIOR

Ilium

PubisIschium

ANTERIOR POSTERIOR

Ilium

Pubis

Iliacfossa

Auricular surfacefor articulationwith sacrum

Iliactuberosity

Posteriorsuperioriliac spine

Posterior inferioriliac spine

Greater sciatic notch

Arcuate line

Ischial spine

Lesser sciatic notch

Ischial tuberosity

Ischial ramusLocationof pubic

symphysis


Figure 8-8a The Pelvis of an Adult MaleSACRUM

COCCYX

ILIUM

PUBIS

ISCHIUM

Hip bone(Figure 8–7)

Iliac crest

L5

SACRUMArcuate

line

Acetabulum

Pubictubercle

Obturatorforamen

Sacroiliacjoint

Iliacfossa

Pubicsymphysis

ILIUM

PUBIS

ISCHIUM

Anterior view


Figure 8-11 Bone Markings on the Right Femur

Neck

Greatertrochanter

Patellar surface

Lateral epicondyle

Lateral condyle

Anterior surface

Fovea capitis

Femoral head

Intertrochanteric line

Lesser trochanter

Shaft

Medial supracondylarridge

Adductor tubercle

Medial epicondyle

Medial condyle

Neck

Greater trochanter

Intertrochantericcrest

Gluteal tuberosity

Pectineal line

Linea aspera

Lateral supracondylarridge

Posterior surface

Popliteal surface

Intercondylar fossa

Lateral epicondyle

Lateral condyle


Figure 8-12a The Right Patella (a, b) and Patella with Femur (c)

Patella


Figure 8-13 The Right Tibia and Fibula

Soleal line

Articular surface ofmedial tibial condyle

Medial tibialcondyle

Tibial tuberosity

Interosseousmembrane

Anterior margin

TIBIA

FIBULA

Medial malleolus(tibia)

Inferior articular surface

Anterior view

Lateral malleolus(fibula)

Superiortibiofibular

joint

Head of fibula

Lateral tibial condyle

FIBULATIBIA

Inferior tibiofibular joint

Lateral malleolus (fibula)

Posterior view

Intercondylar eminence

Articular surface oflateral tibial condyle

Lateral tibial condyle

Head of fibula

Anterior margin

Tibia

Interosseous membrane

Cross section oftibia and fibula

Fibula


Figure 8-14 Bones of the Ankle and Foot

Calcaneus

Trochleaof talus

Hallux

Medial

Intermediate

Lateral

Cuneiform bones

Cuboid

Talus

Navicular

VIV III

II I

Metatarsal bones

Proximalphalanx

Distal phalanx

Superior view, right foot

Distal

Middle

Proximal

Phalanges

Medial view, right foot

Longitudinalarch

Transversearch

PhalangesMetatarsal

bones

Medialcuneiform

bone

Navicular Talus

Calcaneus


Figure 7-3d The Adult Skull


Figure 7-3c The Adult Skull


Figure 7-3e The Adult Skull


Figure 7-3a The Adult Skull


Figure 7-3b The Adult Skull





Figure 7-12c The Mandible and Hyoid Bone


Figure 7-16 The Vertebral Column


Figure 7-18b Vertebral Anatomy


Figure 7-18c Vertebral Anatomy


Figure 7-18de Vertebral Anatomy


Figure 7-19d The Cervical Vertebrae


Review Questions 7-2 Vertebrae and Vertebral Regions


Figure 7-22a The Sacrum and Coccyx


Figure 7-23 The Thoracic Cage


Figure 7-23a The Thoracic Cage


Figure 7-23b The Thoracic Cage


Figure 8-2 The Right Clavicle


Figure 8-2a The Right Clavicle


Figure 8-3 The Right Scapula



Figure 8-5 The Right Radius and Ulna









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