Lab 2 microcontroller

CENTRE OF DIPLOMA STUDIES

COMPUTER ADDED DESIGN LABORATORY

LABORATORY INSTRUCTION SHEET

Subject Code and Name DEK 3133 MICROCONTROLLER

Experiment Code 02

Experiment Title Introduction to PIC Development Board & Program Delay

Course Code DET/DEE/DEX

Document Reference No. RPP-05

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LABORATORY PRACTICUM

Edition 1 Revision No. 4 Effective Date 21/7/2010 Amendment Date

21/7/2010

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SUBJECT INFORMATION

SUBJECT

: DEK 3133 Microcontroller

TOPIC : Lab 2 – Introduction to PIC Development Board & Program Delay

AIM : Familiarizing with PIC Development Board and programming using software delay.

1 OBJECTIVES

1.1 To understand the development concept and testing the program by using PIC Development

Board - PICDEV

1.2 To learn how to download the program into the PIC chip

2 EQUIPMENT

2.1 PIC Development Board – PICDEV

2.2 MPLAB IDE Program

2.3 MikroC.

2.4 The PIC Development Board User manual

2.5 Power supply 9V

3 PART 1: Understand the development concept and testing the program by using PIC Development Board PICDEV

THEORY AND EQUATIONS

3.1 The program development

PIC instructions set is very simple and it has only 35 instructions. To develop a system by using PIC,

a user must have the suitable equipment.

Prepared by:

Approved by:

Signature :

Signature :

Name : Mohamad Bin Hj. Md. Som

Name : Shamsul Bin Mohamad

Date : 21-July-2010 Date : 21-July-2010


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4 ATTENTION

4.1.1 4.1 Do not move any IC or device inside the board without the order from your instructor. 4.2 When you want to download and test a PIC 16F877A, make sure the PIC is removed,

otherwise it will damage the board.

5 EXPERIMENT PROCEDURE

5.1 Communicating with the PIC Development Board – PICDEV

5.1.1 Connect the serial cable from the PICDEV PIC programmer serial port to PC’s COM1 port.

5.1.2 Then connect the 9V 1A power adaptor to the programmer, switch on the programmer and run the MPLAB‐IDE software.

5.1.3 At the MPLAB‐IDE software, select Programmer > Select Programmer > PICSTART Plus. Figure 1 shows the steps.

Figure 1

5.1.4 Enable the programmer as shown in Figure 2. It will detect the PIC programmer. If MPLAB does not detect your programmer, check the cable and the COM port and try again. After completing this step, you can write your own program and blow into PIC chip. Figure 3 shows the box that indicates the MPLAB has detected the programmer.


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Figure 2

Figure 3


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5.2 Start the program and download the program into the PIC chip

5.2.1 Select Project > New to make a new directory to your program. New Project box will appear and you need to give a name to your project and also the directory that you want to use as shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4

5.2.2 Select View > Project and a box that contain the file needed in your directory will appear (see figure 5):

-Source Files

-Header Files

-Object Files

-Library Files

-Linker Scripts


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Figure 5

5.2.3 Create a new file and start writing the program as shown below and save your program as lab2asm.as. (The circuit related to this code is at attachment: Circuit 1)

;**************************************************************************

PORTA EQU 05h ;This tells the assembler where the address of PORTA,

PORTB EQU 06h ;PORTB, STATUS and ADCON1

TRISA EQU 85h ;This Tell the assembler where the address of ports Direction of,

TRISB EQU 86h ;TRISA and TRISB.

STATUS EQU 03h

ADCON1 EQU 9Fh ;Address of Type of data whether Digital/Analog at PORTA

RP1 EQU 6 ;Bit 6 and 5 for bank selection in STATUS register.

RP0 EQU 5 ;To select bank 0, RP1 = 0 and RP0 = 0 {PORTA and PORTB}

;To select bank 1, RP1 = 0 and RP0 = 1 {TRISA,TRISB & ADCON1}

;To select bank 2, RP1 = 1 and RP0 = 0

;To select bank 3, RP1 = 1 and RP0 = 1


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;**************************************************************************

ORG 00h ;Assembler is now set to address 0 where the main

;program is placed

;********************PIC SETUP********************************************

BSF STATUS,RP0 ;Select bank 1(To use TRISA,B and ADCON1)

MOVLW B'00000110' ;Load literal value=6 into W register

MOVWF ADCON1 ;Move the literal value into ADCON1 register.

;Now PORTA is configured as digital input

MOVLW B'00000000' ;0 is loaded into W register

MOVWF TRISB ;Now all PORTB bits are set as OUTPUT

MOVLW B'11111111' ;move binary value 11111111 to register W

MOVWF TRISA ;Now All PORTA bits are set as INPUT

;*******************START OF MAIN PROGRAM*************************

BCF STATUS,RP0 ;Back to bank 0;(To use PORTA and PORTB)

CLRF PORTB ;Set PORTB output is 0

LOOP BTFSS PORTA,4 ;Bit test PORTA bit 4, if SET skip next line

GOTO ON ;Goto ON if button is pressed

OFF BCF PORTB,0 ;LED is OFF when button at PORTA is not pressed.

GOTO LOOP ;Go back and test the button again

ON BSF PORTB,0 ;As PORTA input is 0, mean button is pressed so

;LED at PORTB bit 0 goes ON

GOTO LOOP ;Go back to LOOP and test the button again

END ;End of code.

5.2.4 Right click at Source Files and click Add Files. The Insert Files into Project box will appear and choose the lab2asm.asm as shown in Figure 6.


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Figure 6

5.2.5 Double click at lab2asm.asm and go through the program and check the types of PIC chip that have been using in the program. Click Configure > Select Device then select the device you want to program a shown in Figure 7.


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Figure 7

5.2.6 Then set the Configuration Bits according to the Microchip IC that you choose as shown in Figure 8. To set, go Configure > Configuration Bits


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Figure 8

5.2.7 Look at the Link Setting section in the program. Then configure the PIC Development with the correct jumpers setting and jumper leads. Make sure the power is off at this state.

5.2.8 After finish setting the jumper, assemble it. Click Project > Built All. This step will convert the assembly language to hex file. In no error, you can place your blank PIC chip at the programmer.

5.2.9 Before program the chip, please do a blank check. Click on programmer>Blank Check. This is to make sure that the program memory inside the PIC is empty.

5.2.10 If the device is not blank, select Programmer>Erase. The programmer will erase all the contents of program memory.

5.2.11 When the device is blank. Click Programmer > Program to blow your PIC chip. Wait until this message appears “Programming/Verification completed successfully!”

5.2.12 After that, you can place your PIC chip at the development board and test the programming running correctly.

5.2.13 Write your result in the report.


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5.3 Programming the PIC using MikroC and burn into PIC using PICDEV

5.3.1 Open Mikro C compiler as shown in figure below.

5.3.2 Create a new project

‐ Project wizard dialog will appear – fill the dialog with appropriate settings for your project

‐ Enter a name for your new project

‐ Choose project path,

‐ Enter short text which describes your project (this is optional)

‐ Choose the microcontroller from drop-down menu

‐ Set the device clock by entering the value in edit box (set to 4Mhz)

‐ Set configuration bits (device flags) by clicking default

‐ After you have set up your project, click OK to continue.


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5.3.3 Write the code: ‐ Compiler will create the project file and an

accompanying source file, named same as your project. This source file will be automatically opened in the code editor, so you can write the source code. Picture below is the window of code editor.


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5.3.4 Type the source code below into the code editor:

5.3.5 Save the file by clicking on the save icon. To compile the source code select Project>Build from the drop‐down menu, or click the Build Icon . When compiling the “lab2.c” is success, the “lab2.hex” file is created. This file will be use by the MPLAB to burn it into PIC device.


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5.3.6 By using MPLAB, check the PIC whether it empty or not. If not empty, select Programmer>erase and select Programmer>blank check to make sure the PIC is blank.

5.3.7 Import the lab2.hex file into MPLAB by selecting File>Import.

5.3.8 When the device is blank. Click Programmer > Program to blow your PIC chip. Wait until this message appears “Programming/Verification completed successfully!”

5.3.9 After that, you can place your PIC chip on the development board and test the programming running correctly.

6 Assignment 1 (See Attachment : Circuit 2)

6.1 By using MikroC, modify the lab2.c to SWITCH ON all the LED at PORTB when the button at PORTA.F4 is pressed. When the button is not pressed all the LED at PORTB is SWITCH OFF.

6.2 Draw a flowchart for the modified code in your report.

6.3 Before MPLAB burn the file into the PIC, You need to erase your PIC chip by clicking Programmer > Erase Flash Device > Black Check All.

6.4 Then you need to blow your PIC chip by doing the same step showing before. (Pls refer to item 5.2.9)


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7 Program the PIC using Delay Theory and Equations

7.1 Introduction

CALL

1. A CALL command instruct the PIC to store the current location of the program

counter, then goes off to the address where the desired call routine exists, and

executes instructions until it encounters a RETURN command.

2. The RETURN tells the PIC to go back to where it came from and execute the next

instruction.

3. The CALL routine is placed at the front of the program as 16F84 devices require

CALL to be within the first area of memory.

Timing Delay (Software Delay)

1. The crystal fitted to the PIC DEVELOPMENT BOARD run at 4 MHz and each

instruction takes 4 cycles to complete.

2. Therefore

¼ MHz * 4 = 1μs per instruction

3. The CALL routine delay has the number of cycles for each section commented in and

the total delay stated as: DELAY movlw TIMELOW ;1 cycle movwf countlow ;1 cycle 4 cycles movlw TIMEHIGH ;1 cycle movwf counthigh ;1 cycle delayloop decfsz countlow ;1 cycle goto delayloop ;2 cycles movlw TIMELOW ;1 cycle movwf countlow ;1 cycle decfsz counthigh ;1 cycle goto delayloop ;2 cycles return ;1 cycle

;total delay = 4 + ((3 cycles * countlow) + 5 Cycles)) * counthigh + 1

3 cycles x countlow number of times


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4. There are two routine, one is the inner routine where a register countlow is

decremented to zero and the outer routine where counthigh is decremented. 5. Two register; countlow and counthigh are loaded with the starting value (TIMELOW

and TIMEHIGH). Countlow is decremented by 1 tested to see if it has reached 0 and if not, decrement.

6. When it has reaches 0, it will break the cycle and go to movlw TIMELOW and again countlow will load with TIMELOW.

7. And then counthigh is decremented by 1, tested to see if it has reached 0 and if not go to delayloop and do the step as above until counthigh reaches 0.

8 ASSIGNMENT 2 (See Attachment : Circuit 3)

8.1 Using MPLAB, write the program as shown below and use the same step before. Burn the program into the device and see what the result is. Then write the report about it.

;**************************************************************************** ;* Assignment 2 Program to flash a LED using delays * ;* * ;* Operation:- This program flashes a LED with 50/50 duty cycle * ;* at intervals set by TIMEHIGH and TIMELOW * ;*************** Hardware Definitions - Specific to the PIC *****************

PORTB EQU 06h ;This tells the assembler where the address of port B ;********************** Constants (Preset Values) *************************** TIMELOW EQU H'FF' TIMEHIGH EQU H'FF' ;************************* Variables (Registers) **************************** countlow EQU 20h ;Address of General Purpose Register counthigh EQU 21h ;*************************** Start of the Program *************************** ORG 0h goto start ;############################## Call Routines ############################## ;This call routine generates a delay ;*********Delay for 200ms****************** DELAY movlw TIMELOW ;1 cycle \ movwf countlow ;1 cycle | 4 cycles movlw TIMEHIGH ;1 cycle | movwf counthigh ;1 cycle / delayloop decfsz countlow ;1 cycle \3 cycles x countlow number of times goto delayloop ;2 cycles / movlw TIMELOW ;1 cycle \


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movwf countlow ;1 cycle | 5 cycles decfsz counthigh ;1 cycle | goto delayloop ;2 cycles / return ;1 cycle ;total delay = 4 + ((3 cycles * countlow) + 5 Cycles)) * counthigh + 1 ;total delay = 4 + ((3 * 255 + 5)) * 255 + 1 = 196355 * 1us = 196ms ~ 200ms ;############################ End of Call Routines ######################### start ;********************************** Setup ********************************** clrf PORTB ;Clear the file PORTB (All outputs set to 0) movlw B'00000000' ;The value 0 is loaded into w register bits 0-7 tris PORTB ;This loads w into PORTB, PORTB is now configured ; as all outputs, each output is low as set above ;************************ Start of the Main Program ************************ loop bsf PORTB,0 call DELAY bcf PORTB,0 call DELAY goto loop END 8.2 By using Mikro C, create a new project and type the program as shown in figure below.

8.2 Draw a flowchart in your report for the above C code.

8.3 Compile the program and burn the hex file into the PIC.


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9 ASSIGNMENT 3 (See Attachment: Circuit 4)

9.1 By using Mikro C, modify the program to ON the LED with the sequence from LED1 until LED8 and then from LED8 until LED1 continuously. The delay for each LED to ON and OFF is 1 second.

9.2 Draw a flowchart in your report.

9.3 Compile the program and burn the hex file to the PIC and write your observation.

10 REPORT PREPARATION AND SCHEMA. (1) 2 persons for 1 report.

(2) Due date to send report is 1 weeks after lab date.

(3) Report schema following below requirements:

• Lab report cover sheet for 1st page.

• Objective, theory, equipments for the 2nd page. (5) ( 5 M )

• Observations. (20)

1. Observations on writing the code using assembly language and burn it into PIC (10M)

2. Observations on writing the code using C and burn it into PIC. (10M )

• Discussions. (50)

1. Flow chart of assignment 1 (C code) (10M )

2. The C code of assignment 1 (10M )

3. Flow chart of Assignment 2 (C code) (10M )

4. Flow chart of Assignment 3 (C code) (10M )

5. The C code of assignment 3 (10M )

• Questions. (10)

1. What is the maximum size (Kbyte) of program memory for PIC16F877A (5M)

2. Draw a diagram of program memory for PIC16F877A (5M)

• Conclusions. (15M)


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Attachments:

Circuit 1: 1 Button (PORTA bit 4 : Input) and 1 LED (PORTB bit 0 : Output)

Circuit 2: 1 Button (PORTA bit 4 : Input) and 8 LEDs (PORTB : Output)


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Circuit 3: PIC with 1 LED (PORTB bit 0 : Output)

Circuit 4: PIC with 8 LEDs (PORTB : Output)

Lab 2 microcontroller

Education

clickprogrammer

selectprogrammer

software delay

select bank 1

document rpp

document rpp

document rpp

flow chart