Lab 1 slides 7/25/2005. Chapter 1Slide 2 Principles of Information Systems, Fifth Edition Data vs. Information Data: raw facts or measurements Information:

Lab 1 slides

7/25/2005

Principles of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

Chapter 1 Slide 2

Data vs. Information

Data: raw facts or measurements

Information: collection of facts organized/processed in such a way that they have value beyond the facts themselves.

Adds meaning or context to achieve goal of user. Ex: Dow Jones

Principles of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

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Data vs. information

Set of names in any order / class list

Set of numbers / average score for test

Set of horse names / history,odds, jockey

Fig 1.2

Principles of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

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Information is the derivative of manipulating, organizing,

summarizing, and presenting data in a form suitable for decision-making or further

analysis.- Hutchinson/Coulthard

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Principle

MIS: The value of information is directly linked to how it helps decision makers achieve the organization’s goals

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The “Information Spectrum”

. Omniscience

. Wisdom

. Knowledge

. Information

. Data

Data and Information characteristics

Often a trade-off between some of these attributes. Which ones are

critical to your application?

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Info CharacteristicsANALYSIS TECHNIQUE

Affect value of information

Different attributes more important at different times or different applications

Trade-off between attributes

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Accurate

Error freemeasured correctlyEntered correctly Interpreted correctly

GIGOProgram should verify data.

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Complete

Has all important facts or data fields needed to achieve goals of IS.

Student records system:Name, SSN, GPA, payments, course

grades

Medical records system? …

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Economical

Worthwhile to collect, buy or produce

“Value” of information vs. costWhat if “tip sheet” cost $1000 ?

Better be accurate and reliable!EPA Hudson River PCB samples:

Cost vs. valid model

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Flexible

Can be used for a variety of purposes

supports different IS users goals

easily transformed to another use

Transferable to another application or use: Inventory levels used by:Sales staff, purchasing, production

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Reliable

Always accurate/available – not just sometimes

can be depended on

quality is consistent

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Relevant

Important to decision maker (not extraneous)

captures important aspects of model

can be used to problem at hand

Remove non-relevant items from screens

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Simple

Easy to understand

Easy to manipulate

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Timely

Delivered when it is needed

Maximizes value

Relevant in time: still contributes to goals of organization

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Verifiable

Can check to see if correct

Has other sources or can be “proved”

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Accessible

Can be retrieved in reasonable time in correct format

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Secure

Only authorized users can access easily

Protected from damage (backed up)

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C O R E D A T A Q U A L I T Y :A c c u ra te /V e rifia b le /C o m p le te /R e lia b le

D E L I V E R YT im e ly/A c c e s s ib le /S e c u re

U S A B I L I T Y :R e le v a n t/S im p le /F le x ib le /E c o n o m ic a l

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Attributes of Information Quality

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What is GIS?

A Geographical Information System (GIS) is a compilation of computer hardware, software, data and personnel that collects, analyzes and presents information that is tied to a geographic location. Converts data into visual form Links geographical data with descriptive data and

forms the information into layers The layers create themes that represent particular

features on a map and, when combined, form a complete picture.

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Three Types of DataSpatial Made up of points

lines and areas: Points- locations:

buildings,

customers etc. Lines- streets, rivers.

elevations Areas- polygons

representing states, counties, market areas etc.

Tabular Lists, spreadsheets

and databases Can be linked to

spatial data Sales to a region

Image Satellite images,

aerial photographs and scanned data

One layer Cannot be broken

down

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Data ModelsVector x,y coordinates Interconnected

coordinates represent the shape of a feature.

Highways, rivers etc.

Raster Matrix of cells with values Satellite imagery Color-coded to create a 3

dimensional image (elevations)

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Uses

Business Placement

Law enforcement

Emergency Response

Census/Demographics

Marketing

Pollution remediation

Medical (disease epidemiology)

Facility management (utilities) &Much More!

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Chapter 1 Slide 27

Links

www.gis.com

ESRI

MapInfo

NYS GIS Clearinghouse