Lab 07 Cisco Routers
Dec 24, 2015
Lab 07
Cisco Routers
Project Proposals
Due NOW! Will review after lecture
Will discuss with team captain
Overview: Why this lab
Linux tricks Package Management Systems Install new software (minicom)
Cisco Router Using a serial terminal to configure a device
Cisco router in this case Resetting a router from an unknown state Configuring a router Use of a router to connect different networks
INSTALLING ADDITIONAL SOFTWARE PACKAGES
PACKAGESLinux Tricks
Packages
Used to “package” software for Linux distributions
Vary by distribution type Debian
APT (Advanced Package Management Tool) .deb files
Red Hat RPM (RPM Package Management)
Originally Red Hat Package Management) .rpm files
Package Management System Aids in the installation, configuring, upgrading and removal of
software packages Several styles
Debian dpkg – base tool apt – cli interface synaptic – gui interface
Red Hat yum – base tool
Has a cli PackageKit – gui interface
Plenty of other systems Mandriva
MPM under dev. Drakrpm
Slackware pkgtool
PMS vs. Installer
Package Management System
Installer
Typically part of the operating system.
Each product comes bundled with its own installer.
Uses a single installation database. Performs its own installation, sometimes recording information about that installation in a registry.
Can verify and manage all packages on the system.
Only works with its bundled product.
Single package management system vendor.
Multiple installer vendors.
Single package format. Multiple installation formats.
Installing additional software in Debian
Three ways in Debian: Apt
Set of commands to install/update/delete packages
Aptitude Front end to Apt
Synaptic GUI interface to Apt
APT
Advanced Package Tool Several tools in system
Apt-setup Apt-spy
Helps generate sources.list Apt-cache
Searches for packages Apt-get
Installs, maintains and removes Many more!
APT-GET Syntax:
apt-get [options] [-o config=string] [-c=cfgfile] command [pkg] Installs dpkg packaged files
.deb extension To install a package
Need to know the package name May need to have root authority
apt-get install pkgname E.g. apt-get install apache2
apt-get finds packages based on your sources list /etc/apt/sources.list
There are other options to help installation and updating apt-get update … apt-get remove … etc…
/etc/apt/sources.list
#cat sources.list## deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 r0 _lenny_ - Official i386 DVD Binary-1 20070407-11:40]/ lenny contrib main
deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 r0 _lenny_ - Official i386 DVD Binary-1 20070407-11:40]/ lenny contrib main
deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ lenny maindeb-src http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ lenny main
deb http://security.debian.org/ lenny/updates main contribdeb-src http://security.debian.org/ lenny/updates main contrib
deb http://backports.sipo.nl lenny-backports main non-free
deb http://www.backports.org/debian lenny-backports main contrib non-free#
Aptitude
Ncurses (cli “window”) front end Syntax:
aptitude install package
Synaptic
GUI interface to install packages Under: System Administration May be 1000’s of packages Can do a search to limit choices
To install: Scroll to package to install Click on the S box for that package
Check Mark for installation Click on Mark in the next window
Click on Apply back in the Synaptic Package Manager window
Important Note!
To install packages your workstation must be in the same network as the package repository hades.lab
Think! How do you easily get an address that is
in the hades.lab domain?
CISCO ROUTER LAB
Cisco Router
Lab Overview Use a Cisco router to connect 3 or 4
different networks Different Class C networks E.g.
192.168.10.0 192.168.20.0 192.168.30.0 192.168.40.0
Use Debian workstations
Separate networks
Remember: If PCs are in different logical networks
they are not allowed to communicate with each other
Pinging will not work even if they are on the same physical network Electronic signal will be seen, but not
responded to
myrouter
Connect 3 or 4 Class C networks with a Cisco router
Class C PC192.168.10.2
Class C PC192.168.20.2
192.168.10.1 192.168.20.1
192.168.30.1 192.168.40.1Class C PC
192.168.30.2
Class C PC192.168.40.2
Class C PC192.168.40.3
Class C PC192.168.40.4
Switch
Lab has 4 steps
1. Install, configure, and test the Minicom serial terminal (everyone)1. You will need Minicom for later labs2. Consider saving this VM for later use
2. Set up the Cisco router1. Reset to factory defaults2. Set initial configuration
3. Test to see if the router is routing 1. Optional: See if can hook two routers together to
get all workstations to communicate
4. Save the configuration and test that it restarts with your last configuration
MINICOMSerial terminal
Minicom
Minicom is: Open source software A text-based modem controller and
terminal emulation program for Unix-like operating systems Menu driven
Will only use the terminal emulation part
Minicom
Must configure the terminal to communicate to the serial device
Need to set device to communicate to the serial port on the Cisco router Speed: 9600 Bits: 8 Parity: N Stop bits: 1
9600 8n1
Minicom Hints <ctrl>+A then Z
Shows help menu page Can enter the letter for an option here
<ctrl>+A then (letter) Directly does the letter option
Interesting Keys <ctrl>+A then F
<break> Special signal to get the attached serial device’s attention
<ctrl>+A then W Toggle line-wrap
Continues long text on the following line This is important for this lab!
Important: Don’t forget to release the <ctrl> before hitting the second character!
Minicom Hints Must have root authority to run Minicom
Or belong to a group allowed r/w access to the serial port
To run minicom type minicom in an appropriate terminal
The first time minicom is run you may need to start it in setup mode: minicom –s
The virtual serial port may be either: /dev/ttyS0 /dev/ttyS1
Notes/Warnings
Note: Some of your PCs at home might have two serial ports ttyS1 and ttyS0 Beware if you use the VM on a home
system
Misc:Many other alternatives to minicom
screen Full screen (text) window manager Can be used as a serial terminal also
screen /dev/ttyUSB0 9600 Will control a USB serial device at 9600 bps
Used by the “Pros” putty
Cross platform Windows version available
“GUI” Multi protocol
serial ssh telnet
CISCO ROUTER
Reset router When you get the router it will be in an unknown
state Settings? Passwords? Etc…
Need to reset the router to the factory original settings
Not as simple as an easy-to-push reset button There is no reset button!
There is a specific reset sequence Done via a serial port
Configure and Test router
Configure the router Set up passwords
Remember to change the default immediately Set up the 3 or 4 ports with IP addresses
E.g. 192.168.11.1 192.168.12.1 192.168.13.1 Etc…
For the 3rd octet use then number of the workstation that will attach to it
Configure and Test router
Explore the router Unprivileged mode
Basic commands to see router's state Use “disable” to return to unprivileged
mode Privileged mode
Can change router state Has several sub modes Use “enable” to enter <ctrl>-Z will exit sub states
Configure and Test router Default router settings
Will monitor its ports Automatically build routing tables
In this lab we will not do a customized routing table The router will build its own tables
Hook up VMs with appropriate network addresses to the correct ports VM address must be in the same network as the
router port they are connected to The Cisco 1841 will create its own routing tables
Advanced: Connect 2 routers together
Disconnect a workstation from each of the routers
Connect routers with a cable
Reconfigure router ports Test that all can ping Document for bonus
points
Save Configuration
After configuration: If the router is power cycled
It will resume its last saved state
Need to save the configuration you just set up
Do this as the last item
Equipment etiquette
Return equipment Routers back to bench Power cords to storage Cables back to storage Hook the PC back to lab network Log off Power workstation down
Pro Note
Many sysadmins prefer the screen command
Screen is a screen manager with terminal emulation capability It is more difficult to set up Lightweight and “easy” to use
If you know how
Last Notes Minicom
Connect workstation serial port and router Turn router on Should see intelligible messages if Minicom is
configured correctly If not, double check Minicom’s settings
The lab has an example dialog Do not use verbatim! Use as a template to guide you Change the IP addresses for your use Change the names to your names
Deliverable
Lab report answering the questions and ** items Include introductory and conclusion Must have cover sheet! Do not document text areas with screen
captures! Cut and paste Redirect output to file