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. . . ...,.. .,.., :. ..,;:.:;'..:.. .!.'.. . . . . . . ,. . .-: ..:: ..*, ..... . :i.- l.,,..*.t . :: ::.a ... . . , . . . ..;. ...... . _ . : .- .. " . : . ; B ~ B I $ ~ ~ . ~ . ~ D - ~ T I J E ~ B ~ ~ ' ~ . . , : : ~ . ~ ; . , A . . . . . ;,..r:,-:;: ... f : '.:'. ' .::;i!-- .. ' %,;!.'*' i ...... ,.., :., ........ ,,.. .',.,:::" ',.".. '.. ..,.. -.,:*
,.-" ,. ., ;; , :.* : ..- :.;::%?..:<; ......, ry-.:...:~i:,; ,?.. L . ~ ~ , . , ~ ,.,- _.. L.;. . . . .;:- .r:. . . . :.,;:; , , ... .. . -,.,. ::... ::. ',.. .. ............... , ; ; - . - -:.; <,:. . :>&, *" . . .:; q<,, - ?,.!... <.? ..-..:, .. '< ., ,:! * - '..; ,.., .*.: - ..... :... a e &.!; L:,:. .*$ 1 4; j3e. .;;",..,, ;. s<..?fif $ .?;F":,; .a',,.7 ..;., ... <GI~:sf~dyiGg.f i&n~n$of .. d . . . a: . . . - ni,jncient , . ,. 1 :;.:.. t e l i g i ~ ~ ' a n d . e ~ ~ e ; i + ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , ~ ; ~ , . . . . 'r ,,
. *. .* ,,: e$<,,*:<! - . . . "t . . . ..:to,: , .. . . ,.,,. :its w i-&cdr;dj."iq;,* . .. -.,. i . t ~ ~ e ~ t r a q t : . t l e ; p ~ ~ i ; ~ ~ o l d ~ b f ~ ~ ~ ~ l . z ~ ~ ~ ~ C ~ - . . . . . . ~+-,~:,,g,$?~: &.-. .+!.
trtitl~, t l r ~ - ~ c ~ X i d ~ ~ ~ l b l ~ : ~ o ~ ~ ' c ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . f a c e ... >.. . :t+- .f&h:. ~n~~:;-.i+~,,$IG,~ p&ted djficulties,~.,;:H9. finds. . . . . . . hlms&lf ~~i<~;a')~@~ld;;v'd~~,~.~ii.f~~~i~;~~~ .,. ;~.:&;~..:+i+!; -.: ':?'!:
. . . . . f m q that a l l i ~ ~ h ~ l k ~ s : , beh1 , . . +ci~~tdfqb$;t@ . . ? . .- .. deal -.. xiitc; :;:;,$$$;?,$ .. . . . . . . . . I il:,ss ,hindi:,~iarlred!:by n ~ . . ~ i i r t ~ ~ s c ~ c ~ ~ ~ i ' O t i ~ ~ . . ~ . ~ ~ d . ~ ~ r c ~ d ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -. . . . . . . ~f . b ~ ~ i ~ f ~ ~ ~ i t o ~ f ~ ~ ~ e i g ' n j ~ t & , ~ o q . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ i t i ~ ~ i t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ i ~ ~ e ' ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . , .. .. . _ _ . . . . . .
+ . :,.:R;$ . . . . . . . . ... ~ h ~ . : ~ j l ! ~ . . i s , ~ l ~ $ t t i ~ : : wit~i~;~$iiperna~~ai::t,e~~i,~?;,: &&., ~irsc!iil~hi,~~~$.iT~.~i~~~:.! . .... . .., ,,..--... ;‘.,.::: .:ji
s i p s . :- ai&den.+isAom:i3;clbimed- f o r tho: . . . . . . . . . . . . . mostjtrivial; s ~ t ' s , : ~ ~ d ~ ~ - ~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ i ~ ? ~ , : lwovidcntinl 'g"idah@ifbr. tlro n;ost orililiniiy o c c n r i ~ e n ~ ~ s ; ' ~ ~ n & ; , ~ ~ ~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ ' ~ f ~ ' !
. ,','. . * .... e . i t l... sequence of motives. and contluc!t seelns often rndicnlly';:;*+,.~:'~ '
. >. . . -.... a ~iglitcst: . . - . . . . ~ & i a ii::??$T$d t?;<,ity..4p a * ~ ~ & l o ~ r l t y .: . . . . . t k o h o l ~ , M,k '. . ... ...< ...: :;K:;.:f% .. ..,.>.A . "- rall];:.ll~&&..ic~~tt~:f5&ilj.,in> / ' ..-
.- . . . . o f . ti:ney.nnd.lc$tqr, sge; a reigm,.of' God'$ saints :,o.n,fu: . . . . . . . . . reni~ztediji.':;::i :::i..?<<.i . . -. .; +,. 7- ' . . ~ a ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ $ Z ~ : . n o t ~ I & l l ~ j ~ ~ e ~ S ~ n t ~ . . a n d ~ ~ ~ l i ~ ~ , ~ e ~ ( ~ u t ~ . ~ l s o ~ ~ ~ ~ c ~ a n t u I :. ,,; :$.;;. -.'r,d,yq:;i .. -,; . . -! . , .
. . . . .+ . . txtions, in the . prolific soilof tho belicvcr's imagination? ~ Y J I C I I ~ . : , .. .. :.-. .;: ... ... I . .
: ' . ' . .th& fiwt. g~tbii'&ts UE erithusiasti~~fiitl, and lreroic . sclf,sncrifiijy : . : v .-,, .... , . ;.:L':. .: ,7.. - 9,:,.. ,,'A'; . . .: hnvo pnsscd. n\vnyi . and . t l iu chronio'hn~nan pirssions of 'envy, nuls:$ -; v... $?, .::e
.......... *.:I-..: I .w - , ..,. ,... ~ : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ; ~ I I J . J . ~ ~ ~ I o u s ~ ~ I ~ I I v ~ allrung up , ngni~l ulnnng t ho ~ucci.$rors -.. ~..,&;.i~;~7 ,, . ,. : , ..I .,
of tlic first prophets :bud mnr$rs of the cnuuo, sl~oulrl wo n l p p ~ ~ % ' . ;. . ',1,??2 . . . .
. tl1n.t tlls oalaly :tc!coun!s will then pass down to us in tl~oir original >: . ...... '.+ ..... I ,;. . . .
. . . ,., ,,? ..-:.,. the later proppgntors .... and 1cnclers.of tlro faith? ,:.ii;,, ;. :.... :',:. -,..:.. . , *,.:-.... ..... . . . ': I n . ~01viiig ~ & s ~ ~ h ~ s t i o n s it is evider~t.,wl\at aL$$eless. lig11t . Is-: . . ; ; :,;;'!:..::: .'. .:a
; ' I* supplied hy tlre a n a l ~ ~ i e s ' t o ' be:fQund . , .. when we. ch':study at olofio. : : . . . . ,.
... A,',- .:... : ;,*, . ,..:., q-%-.J ' .'. ,;.-, ..I...... ..- .. .. , %..... . . . .. , >.a:.,t~~yr 44.L.. .:;. -,. @ f . ,, .. t h ' k ! ~ + b j . : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ $ ~ ~ > , i ~ ~ ~ ! $ ~ ~ $ k ~ & I ..-. . . . a£* .:oklwih$i: d i~c lP1es~~: i~ . , ; . . . t y j - k: ,,,. ; ; . . , r ~ , , d b d . i l o ~ ~ l o a , ; i ~ ~ t i l l ~ , 1 . : ,, ~lng;,-ol;.~w$,fi8i;~i4g'.~~ ,,.. *.= Fl few ..u.f.F,t)i...; ~~yiiirgi: :..i!,, nbjoi;a!i4:$-5";::;<:;:.* ,,:, c.-,sc ..::i:~;~? .,:.,,.,L . . : .; . . - ..- ..... ,& .,,,,v,,, ... : . . . . . . . .,,; < y - ... .*. . . . . ,, . ".. i-y;::?: . ~ ~ ' s u l , p l i e d t o ~ E ~ r o p e a u i e & ~ J ~ i s : t b i ~ p&rsd~a&'&~t ivpu:s f .,:..;!$~~': .. . ,';, ..' L. - . ...;.. ..1 ,' ,.a . . ; *i ;;i .::%.,. .: <; . . . . . . .., :.:. - !;G.:'tli~; ..;~::;:t. , :.:\:..-. @ ~ ~ e ~ ~ t ; . < ~ $ ~ e ~ $ f a l : , .. ..,.+..:. in~~tilij~~!&~,;~$~~~~re6~~!1~-~ l$"euhb& d y >,... ..~;..:~~.:
.I . . . . . . .,.; . ... I . . _ - :I,;', ... .->-..a,. 'i>,,.;-t~,~j,. .: . - :. . el!tl~usiasiu, :, . , , :. - c l i I i g c ~ i q ~ ~ ~ . , ~ ~ ~ , t l ~ o ~ o ~ i g ~ ~ i ~ ~ s s ~ ~ ~ ~ ., , .:,,,? . qwe:aa..l6uch : cjf oy'n:;. ; . :-!;g.::
.-..>-. 1elurr~idit~:~ll-.intc11&: and.: 1, I . . ".;.,. -:I..: . ;-:, . . ; . . . - . ~ ~ . . : ' - p ~ p ? ~ ~ ~ ..._ 1' :to; , a n ~ i ~ ~ ~ , ; , w & ~ l d i ~ ~ ~ ; ~ ~ l i ~ r ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ d 1 k . : , ~ J ~ Y t ~ i n D , . . w WflS ' ;11U-: " .'..'.' -:': *,"f*-.,yz'' . ,;: .:
:;';TI ; . ~ ~ ~ ~ ; ~ ~ ~ , n j . , i ~ ~ ~ ~ d ~ ~ ~ ~ : , ~ u ~ . ~ ~ n , ~ t ~ ~ a l ~ d l ~ j ( $ , . a ~ ~ d t l ~ & : ~ , ~ i c e p t i b i l i t ~ , to &ne.... -;j-;.::. .. . . .-: : .r;.:o. a,.i.. ...... . - . , ;?., t i ~ ~ ~ l e x c i t c i ~ e ~ ~ t in'feiponse,: t ~ ~ , g o y i d ~ ~ ~ l ~ e t o ~ i c a l .&$&z:s existid . . . . ! .-: ... : . - : -... . .. ...,. ;.a
'..lll..- -. .. . . . . . . - . . . . in nfor~q And degree: @ ~ u ' i n ~ l j ' 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t R l . TI&^ .pcrsii* a$;;,;, . 7 : . ;:, - +:.. ;-. ;;.; .;;. ' . . . . . . . i.&.&.?, ..., "x?; - . .. ...- .. ~ e u d e ~ c i c ~ , . ~ ~ a v i ~ ~ ~ . S ~ ~ m a ~ ~ ~ ~ d ~ . i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ] Y ; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n : ( h o ~ a v e r ~ ;i"coni" A"."-'?*'.'
............ :. sciously 8;); have .nem.fou~d'tl~i-.~~~it&f~ith~nf:.~~lam c11 tirely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . - . . .,.rrcongeuial. This is the'eecret of tlle"'i1iiri'sioh 'bf-..tl~e Sliiitc .\Ins. - .. - .. lems-, f rom .. tho .Sunnites, n.nc1: tho .license accorded ; hero LO the , :-.. ' ::.-., ;,.< :.:. ..... . . . . . . . .
But sixty gears. ago a more spkciaI. and. in'tense soura"bf :&-,&:i:,2.j..3.8r>tir? .... ,.-., <.- ,,,* - motion .began -,to $11. i l l ' Persia wit11 !tinrest:. This rn=<tlie .!&: :":.~::i$$,2 ... ; ,,<-.y...* ; pected: ~r+uii$;~of; t~@-Im~m-M&di.~<~~o~~rding~tb.~tlle-:Slil~~s~- a .j.+$::1= :
-* * ; , , : ; , : tlm :T+elflh -Gfi&5 M-b~&id;;" t l ; ~ ~ P ; ~ ~ t l ~ f , &&I.,,":):$ y ::,, - *'4&,f'12;;" . . . . . , . ., . , (- ( ; .. ,.. * ,. w 0 dki;<y,A 527+:.5: . . -
did ih t' die, but d isnpp&rcd mjnt6rio~sly. .Tlh ,hleYosl~~~s. . . . df ,.t~i~;~$j~&,$~-. .;a. -.-.- ; East held* that hehtill :lives (like YFredericli Barbamssii in"tb$,f!?~~~,;i,
,& :.-- -. Germatilegend) &$&~~fided,.byg: ohosen b$ii$'i<i;tlie: mg5t$$i$$2zg;;+g - ' ' city-of. JiibulIiii:;: ' w he; the f ulliiesiof time cim&,.gnd: tlesajt~;+~+,.+y+
ia.3lled '.with 'irij"&c~~ i n & :the' .appointed ~igns : '<~~. i i r , he.:-$*&;-:;;:kf oome forth tb . overthrow tho ii;fidols and inaugdtite a .~%cipI:kf '~ .:.'?J*:~?S
....,.. .,-~,:,.~2..e~. ?.L:
universal peace- and blessedness: During the period, h'6wever;l';::: i3:~:=?~. t1i:tt t l lc ! T111nm-Xlnl~di w;u I~idtlr~i f lon~ tlle sight of 11rci1, ccrt:~in cLu1111u1s: of coulrnunication, or Gates, iuiglit appear.. .. .:;:F+,!,* .. , ,p.Ts:-.: v- . - .>. --:- .; : Ch?l,*.,,.,? ~d,?$::rp
. . .. ,&: t he :~&~*i844 , ;~ f '&& e&;;~hicb: would t i j & $ e t ~ $ ~ i $ ~ ~ ~ f f d .,-?.L;-3?~?t.;,yy :i-$+ca;.: of a. .tlioliia~d':~~~$$frd~:-t~o dite: of: t l i m i n d i . b 6 0 u l t s t i o ~ : , Q f ' : t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , ~ ~ p ~ ; ~ ~ 2 . , .........._. . . *.tw .-!y'- -.-, .& > o ~ * i ~ i n ~ l > i n ~ ~ j $ j ~ l i ~ i j f ~ ~ n e j i ; , : t b e ' . i ~ ~ o c ~ 6 t i ~ < . : ~ 1 1 ~ $ ~ c ~ t + ~ n ~ : ,+Y~C::.L.&'.$ . . . .. ..; > . , .;:>: b<:$j:+;:: over ' t h '&hifeststi&i of the ~ & i i n g One nat&'llf gi& i i~tenrc; , . ;~j~~, ........ ..* . tl~rougliout Persia: ?:The _. . . . . . . . m"ltipliCation - of sects; and. sahi$i$. qd;e22$;i$?2
. . . . ..;" j . .'.-<,.,$..,!y-- %'.i
t h iery" 2orr,lption .&f tll&:.l;eg"]ar;/,~"ha~mndd~ .:.clel*gy' 'were:,.s~~:>!$i?2~i . . . ,- ... .;:;;I . $ regardcd as eigns'.'thit a new Divino , Manifestation-\yak it,:liiirid,: .;::;:j$:-1<.:-.- . . .,,v:-:;.~:.-.~...~
- . . . for.'it<is>:just: befbio,diwb tliit,,t]l& lii@'.,ii . . ? s r l ~ e ~ t { : ; ~ ~ @ r n & j%+c+?fi;:i5my;LT$ ..... . ; . , b~fo'~$::$~f,iuo~u~ :<iceti;! seqi>tb p i o ~ ~ ~ h e j l ~ l i ~ l l ~ : , ~ f ~ ~ ~ < ; ~ $ ~ : ' f ~ ~ ~ ~ ... <..\.,& ,.... ."a,:
Ahs& :hgd- 'f&"&ed"*,:$ew. sbiool .!'if J faith. &lled, t]i& ~ h ' ~ i k h i , ...... 5=:.'.:.-'!3~. .'.. .,. ;+ . . ' &iid&i ~ a ~ ~ l j ~ u i $ ' t l l ~ ~ ; ~ ~ e i g h ~ ~ ~ l i ~ & ~ ; ; ~ ~ . _ . . . . . . . . . . > . . & t l ~ e ~ ~ h o l ~ . ~ ~ ~ ~ r ~ l ~ ~ ~ ~ , ; ~ ~ $ r ~ ? ~ ' $ ~ ~ ~ . . $ . vyd ;i-~.,,?.~x--.
' . bel$;.Iici, !visit&# :Pi& kevcml~(ti~es;an&,;diff"b~d: t l ~ ~ i i g h : : t l m t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , , ~ , -.. . - cointry also'-hig,som&vh'iit . . . . . . . ,$etei;&dox iiiewi; .. Ilo'believid. himselfr,:,~;:,.~:;;:-~~. 3 q.'c.x;--' ..... undir t h - sp@i$ l .guidan$c:~f ilkr*~,hri'i~; *horn ..lie reg$rclbd] an..;.. . - ..,, : ::d.i::..,r,%: - .: .,:;.';'
.. ... - crehtive,fi$cei'):. . . ,,: .: 138 kugl,t'tllat'tli~'grbbs~~, . ei:leai\ebtii -..;. of thclbprly:.... ,a&&-:;+4~ .:;:<:;;:.:$ pcri..;l~ i~~~-cvnoabl~, . a t 'denth!,'bit tlist there .is a ~ ~ s ~ b t S e " c e l e s t ~ , . ~ . .
On tlic ~lcatll of Slleylth Ahlilad his disciple, IIaji Seyyid chihi; , ,, --.,
. . . . of Rcsht,- aucce~deil~liin! . this . . . . . . teaclier's yarions ,norlrs,;qr~ said.@,:, :.it;*;if :;. , . _ : . 6, %:. . . . . oxoeud:,thr~~undrcd';idldinog, . , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ e ~ p l i n s ~ c ~ ~ ~ ~ p ' e c i ~ l l P P ~ th9;.;+iP ,,;;;$
doctrine. called: t ~ ~ ~ : ~ < ~ $ t l i : ~ ~ l i , ~ o F t , ~ - that tUre :rnbst ,iinays, b6:Z:i.F; .:''. ..... *'. . . . . . . . . .;,::-, 8: . . . . . . . " .. ...'.,... .. . . % . , .. .. .;:!.(_ci"j -:;i . . . i2 t l !e ,~ : t ruoL~~~1clu .. . &liurcli some :ode;, perfijet.;,nibxil or,;.~piy~t~:~~~~~..~;~;~;
@d&, revcnli~~,, 'diqxibli b f ; servinp;'h91 ;* ~/boiel:.of g$~e;g-,i~-~i:;;:; ' e, . . - , . . ..L.. _ _ ~ t e o e h t H s i n ~ i s i ~ ] & : Imam .ani : ' i l i $ ~ & h u r ~ ~ ~ $ : : ~ ~ e ~ .yean.' af .. i;'; .s:, ,: :$&>. . :>.$;;. i j + ...: : ; . ' : , ? & ; h i ~ , ~ l j ~ ~ . i ~ ~ i ~ .a&jtod; , ~ ~ < . d i $ ~ ~ $ ~ i & g tllp. $i*ojnisbd . .pr;oft +: tli%;$? ;G+;i.~~.;j ......- .:;., .. '. .; ,;.-,; ' ' . . ......: " . *(. C.
A*;, : ;.- 4 . . . ~ 6 m i n g ' ~ , ; ~ ; ~ , ~ h ~ ! ; ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ f : ~ i ~ . . _, .I.. olneiffjst&tii* ._. - . n & d , ' h i ~ ~ u n l ~ t ~ e s . . . . ..,. ;-~.~;-:l;? 2 t : ~ ,?;;:;;
if his c ~ & r a c t e ~ : : l : S e y y i ; l , y y gdzimi how&vbr,. dh. .uot &dgd:kii$oli0,' -r ,zZ;-<:: *. :.;.:..::;;.:::5 ..,. 5.;
, 8 , . . )i. - ..' .. ., . . . . . arid that when this s u n o f Trutl; appeared, it would iiradiate
' . :: . all horizons." ~ f t e r :giig +ath,"the ,Skoykllis, therefore, .were . A . . . . . . . anxiotlsly e x p e ~ t i n ~ t h e ] ' + p " ~ e ~ ~ a ~ ~ ' b f aomo-one ,to t a l e .tho leader-, . . ;.,::, .:,. ,
3 . - *I -. .;-: 1.' -: 9 .: . ~ ~ i p ~ . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , ~ o d ~ , t ~ , ~ ~ ~ ~ + ~ ; i t ~ ~ ~ ; t$<+y$~l~~<~~~~iii:~vasb~mi.2~~~;~.;;~g .Lr... . , . , !?' ... - . r .... ?. :* &..:.,i-. ,: , ,l : '.; , .
:?, .- - WF. tl! - Chn~oli?~9~of~.-~IirF1,i~8~ id.'E'ersi$;iZ- tho&; :-;=A;, - ., * - . . . . . - .. . daya, thqxe wc~e~,nzo~min, : . j$t?&d dikut&& wers l h k i o g for . . . . . :->'. 1:: ..
. . *....
liim who wai to b< a light unto'l . th~i~.~riti&.. and, manifest tho . i:.: -.I . .I ' )
. grew.'pp,. ai&at: this jpicturol hii$ret-.c%me ihto puhlio notice; ' .:.. 4.; 2 ~ c o o r d i n ~ to tha'beFt.acc&nts,,he w?s on .October 9, 1820, .. ':-~:<
ill-the city of Shiraz. he Babis eiy that at the mornent of his I ~ i r ~ l r 111: ~ .~~, . l : t i~t ic~d *' Tllc Iti~~gtlom i s Gotl's." IIis t.t;:ii.I~t~~, :rfterwards becauie ail arde~?t:?iyciple, relutes that tlit: very lii-st day
<. , . . _ ' I , - . . . . :,: y 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ i h 1 ~ : t h ~ ~ . i i ~ ~ ~ , , ~ l ~ ~ ~ ; ~ ~ ~ < ~ g 1 i t ~ : ~ . ~ s ~ l i o ' ~ 1 ~ 411dd ,the alphnbct 2::. ?: 4: .:.. ,, ,..; 2. . . . ,
:. ! ~ a c l , ) ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i t & ~ ddowoifo+ bim;,hg i i a d ~ > ~ ~ t h ' ~ ~ r s i a o and Arabic : -.. ?..,(. 1 . .. ;.? , .
... '-., , i ' j v i t b q i a n 4 a&Ged the teq?icr $$~subtle:;has~ings anitques-. - .::+il.a'$j tions. : .~efore he'bad been instructed iu writing he coml>osc;l and
' readers iye inclili~&;io 4. -&o&ti&$ ai::&.t4iC h ~ n e s t ~ of the wit ... ,. ... . . . . . I . .. - . . . . . . . . . . 7. ,AI . ..,. . . . . . .'. ...) 'V ., r i e ~ s ~ ? : , ~ ~ & ~ a ~ , . .o?ly,refcr ...... fhe!<to .$hirn.r$!p&jt of ;.tll,e Babi his-, . , ,' -. :.:-:; .- .. :: P . . : ;- . .*. ., .- t ~ t i ~ ~ , i , f ~ ~ i l i ~ < ~ * d , . + { ~ f i ~ d ~ ; a r ~ " ~ e g t ~ , i n ~ i n ~ $ t i .., .: . . 1 .. b6bk.s . . . . of Chris, , :!:- :;:;: , . tian,E;ideng&s i,.S6Fersons. sb."virtpqe. and. ~eiisqnablo as'. these ' - . ":; . . .. 2 . . . 7, . . .would,'not, lrave beixi'sq @$;.ini!d-~f $l;e.truth.:of .the Bab's claim
wife iild-'&ild ;nleis'th~j;'bnd olkervid in tliit Proof of Gl~tl tlic clearest evidences of' divine pomers.qnd qnalities " (" Ncvv I-Tie- . ' . . X .
tory of the Utrb," by E. G. Crowiie, 11. 265). , .-.:;;;. ,.Altllongh c1aiming:;to .b0;4;, Seyyid,.~g::descc~dapt o f ,,tha Pro- 1 ..>,?:yi - ,. ,&, .;.,"a- , , . . . /_..:. -.
I- . . . . . . . : r - ?~ -~h i t , ' : ~ l i : - fibil'&i<&l edg+&d;. at ~ ~ v e ~ t ~ e < . i ~ : ~ o ~ r h e r + ~ l -*ur< '.>:::?<. ,-.
. . . . ..<l..,,'?dits: is, tjle toivg2£ -I3"$i~!; ;<: 1% w ~ ~ ~ ; ' f h e ~ ~ ~ t e c m ~ , o f . ~ t h 0 . 1 n { ~ . , ,;,3G1q K.;:,; A,;',<: . . ....... 2::j
. , . :. . , . ... :,: .. ... : - ..,. ... 'clQii&,by: . Ilia,, i i i ik r i t i ,a~a;piktx';"PE!ieli.l;bB \ Y ~ S at liis.d~votioas~~." . . . :.,L.;. ....... . . .-. .,.- .>:,, ,. ;,,
.... - . .- - lie,.. prefericd . , . .. -. t i giffeyi pecuniiq::!19yjs ,, rather:,than ,haye , h$: ;.. ::,. .;;d . - -.:.p-, , rs,. . :"'. ........ '"'" ..::.;,.P. ' " ~ . ~ Y C f & . iit&iropted, : ~ ; ; ~ f t ~ i ; , f i v e ' J ; e ~ s of. metcintile' 1ifi;'ho Gent.:. . . . .: .. .-
j.;.,: ' i!;;.. z. . ,A: ,..:*;.;;;:,:,:T' -+:: it,.tr%,isit . . . . . . the holy sbrines.of ~ i r l i e l a ' , a&k~ojef~,: i Durii$ this; t i r n & ~ ? , o . ; ~ ~ : ~ . . . . F::"':!k::<? ..... ; ... A* . ,,;fk . . ...,.. kthnd& . ~ l l e ; ~ ~ l t y r ~ ~ < o f ~ , t h ~ . ~ ~ ~ d e ‘ p : ~ ~ f ; ; , ~ h ~ . . . . ........ s$eyl~hi ,Sjho,bll ,,tho >:,,,!G! i"' . ' , . ' . ; .: . I . . ' . .;:, - . . , - b . 7
. , E/lhh?nl@ad:. , J . , . . .;'A,. . 'J'h&yo"+k:Ihan .;. ,.. ... . i i & l r e d . : t ~ ~ , ~ u l l ~ h : ~ ~ i l & & m ' t l i ~ , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ $ ~ - ~ ; ~ i ~ d -, . , ,;>% M p:.*- ;i:i:{ ...... ,j . .(_ . '. . . . . ,;::.i: l+'ho$ @i$i$l~dg&d:;.~~ ~ t l i ~ i ' ~ i & ~ t h r ~ $ ~ : ~ ~ ~ ~ t o l ~ : ~ & ~ t , ~ ~ ~ . Y 9t3~;~$~i :$~ ' i~~~ :. .. .-.., ?..
,;IN-'I ,
they li'? tccoghi&d .. <d'oric, .:, ... h 6 Wily psl;id:j£L: t$. Myll~$~;di~~cs~. .;J5y~. .+., ;'-,. .; ,A
-. . . . - : . :,;yi;.F,bt; ?. ..-.\ z . & ~ ~ i ~ ~ i d ~ , f i i ~ t h E ! : ; d h a ~ & h h r i i t i c s . ., . .. , dnd . a l p s :re(l~ire4'.~~~'i~tr-?k'r<r~;;,~~i>~ . -, - ...: ';:?; 7 . ?:$i, :::: :;,,. 2:
. th6'::~;llldh;,i~'.t~ib. .* , ; -.,. &odtlrs'; ~ c ~ l l & u t ; ~ ~ ~ < . w i t l i . ~ ] l i ~ . . . . . . . . 1lot : ob-:,*.:;.:;., +.,, :;: A,.. ~ :v \ ; - - - . ' ..:: . :T
-iej$i'J .*e;i-nnyi:si@jbf :-i~~&ij:l::k~i~~gle~l~e';;h:~::;fraii~i~~'~~~~~ered~~~ .. :.'~,:;~<~,;$i.~ . . , ..? ,,T. .. .-,;,*a, .-7 ...- 7.: ,.>.. . . . -. .,; ' A, , _' .. ,,. '. ,; -... -, , : ,. .: .... . '~:;)~+~jhe~ii1hg~t/~~.;.$:;d.~t~j6~n$ . , ! , . I : . .. .-,.:' ,,!.'.;.! . . . . . t & { i c ; ~ f t k ~ ; + , ~ ~ ~ ,ab&$,Co~&entnTlel . a: :.5;%,;:;1;::fc.$ ,.,.:. .. . . . - . 2. i i ~ L ~ . ~ p q n : ~ t ] ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ? l r a t ; ~ ~ l ~ : ~ ~ ~ a r $ , ~ ~ 1 1 B , , ~ l ~ r ~ ~ o f .,-....-. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ l , : ~ ~ & : , ~ ~ & ~ " ~ ~ & ; ; $ ; ? i ' . $ .... .. . . ." ....... ';; . '.1 :... i :, ,?. :;,! ';;;%:.>.::j $
: ..: . , $ i t i 9 . . " : ~ - ~ ~ > d $ ~ d < S ; , ~ ~ . f + ~ a ~ ;~eari~~:Mirzdli~ul~ammd~ii~:;;'.$~~;i.~.~:i-.I ., .:,: . . -, ,;-,l, . . .;.--- ......... .,
:;; . ,;:;:~.,recit&P;~~~e&~~fj'a;f ye!$. ]df$ ind jp fo fbu~~ : ;~$$r~b t~pc iv l&o:pu~~: '$ .~~,$$~~ a: ; ..,..: ..:;,- . ..'. ::.. .. >-.- . : . r . . ..-; ,,:i -... , -,-, :,:. . ' {$ -:. .. 1- .. ,-; :.. r..., . . . ? i . d * . ; : A ... : . i:; ;;:tletf~$na~ e ~ q ~ ~ @ ~ ! h & . ~ l ~ r & d - w e r ~ .- .. . - " . ,. ;qu!te:bej~hd ,,.', ;:,,,:,. ....-- ali+t:~'<?$l&:$(:*%?,$$:~ ,:-.iil.:>$. .-,
.. l,a$ >&tei;iJ"l if- la,, , . n~t:%$~h.'~~$rhat~irallj. . F s p l r e d > ~ q l l a ~ j;-- -':; ,I,.,;: ... !, ,II. . . . . . -;:: .- : . .. , , u s e y p r o , c ~ g d i z C ~ t~e:y~uh~:&b.~s:th'~'6~o'~~~1~~1~~ddf~;;..B~~~:'~~;,.~~.~~~r~~-$+: ... . . . . . . .. .... . " ',. , . &.,&,',". I ..<W. . o;.,. . . , , - . L. L... :, !; .,, , :,.4,,. ,- . .+- .cry::: . . .
*, -..: 4 ,$; . . ~ . t 6 ~ a ~ : ; ~ ? & r . ? 6 f j ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ 1 a t i ~ . ~ ~ ; ~ ~ ~ , h ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i , t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , ; ~ b ~ ~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ ; . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .. ; . .- ...... . . c . ;C1 . ' -
. nncicnlly lin?,~ecn:iised to desigunte +dso who had'icccss to bllc '-'
~w'slf& ~&&.;'&jiincg: his seclli&,n; F ~ c : x i d nl~d:bbep.assum~&~2;?7 9 ' '. Z , ... . . . \ , - . ... . . in the tenth . centu.~.y .,. , .. , . by a notecl Leresiarch aid.\&; :used by tlir
,:..< .... , ..p,' .- + :' . -. -*.G -*e- .;!, .$ . - . . . ~ ~ . e ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ b i ~ ~ , t ~ : ~ e i i ~ a t ~ , l i i s ~ i ~ s ~ ~ r ~ d j f d ~ ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a s ~ ; t . l i & ~ f ~ i c r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ; ~ ~ ; ~
..T'. .; p h. . , ,.-. . . .ost~i.~c;;$i.~j., <."v;i"&,:.p... .~......... .'. '. ' -'" -.* ....... . . . . ' fie,..' , I ; : , & ~ - ; ~ , ~ ~ o ~ h e ~ ' s f , n e e , , hid.: becn3:;+;:::::;+;.-. .. . . . . . . . . . , . ,. :i:$? ...- .- - . . . . .,.: .-" ..* . . . :?:;; ... ..... i::: .{ 4~~.~l!~;~~t~r;bx~y~~~li~:men;ente~ed:ythpx~~i r, .ll;i.. ;.-::., t p f . , . . , ;;+: .! the:,propl~~t'a..kn~y$$+~,j?;$~$ ........
. I . ' . . .., : ', e ge;! { o ; @ i ~ ~ l i : ~ t i h $ i I ' i \ i i ~ ~ (whose .v6ry:ninie iihot$@d &im . . :%:$$?;$? .. , ..,< - . : . . . . . b s n ...! <).. ,;. '.--. ,.***, .,,-,;:. r c t u & ' ~ ~ f & & ~ g ~ i c h t ' t ~ ~ e ~ e k l o r > ; ~ w m , ; t h ~ ~ 6 ' ~ t o .". . . . . . thro"g~:~)~b:~+:;j:G;:~L+ . . , ~ ~ j ~ , ~ ; ~ ~ ~ i , ~ q ~ ~ ~ ~ ; g ~ t ; ~ i ~ J ~ I l ~ u 4 ~ 1 ~ d ~ ~ ' ~ ~ t1ro'~;~it~h*&al,e1;.~~10 W ~ S s l ~ o r ~ l ~ ~ , ~ $ ~ ~ ? . $ . , -:a ,;,!9,+> >,,. , &* ,,pdar .&, 5? , ;+*;,; ;ry; 2 ,.;- f;<&b,;,~,::~~;3;~;~~.~;;,:,~j;;;:;~,: : ...: <.,:. 2??+.' $ :,.>;g+J~~:.-~;~~;;::$ .... 2.:
:'!Yl'here wil1,be s saliisrn amongst. mi, folloivers, but God's affair . .':
. . . . . . . . . . :. .
will be clear"?s' this rising snbr.l). h: h6 'spoke,. he pointed to the . . . - , .
.... I .._ ..: ..:- . I d a o r , ~ t & " ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ] l i ~ h i &r-a&-&:;c:fl&& bf sll&,nllt ; and at'. that . . ... , . .
. . - &homoment, .~ ' i r& Ali~Mul~amrnad'crossed tho threshold. The : : ' . . . v<ri'fact.:.that ' the young &n .liad,'.before~. this. time, been con- ' ' '
,aidered illiterate, and.: had. been.found stumbling ovcr the inter- pretation of passaps in tlw Koran. made it so n111cll ~ l l t . . r . ?~ .~~l . l~~ llroof 11l' Ibis tiivilre i~isj,i~.;~tit , i~ 1 I L I L ..... I... 4.5 \! 11it:I i U C ~ c i., ~ . h i , , ~ , t i
, . . . . . . . .
, : i - . ,-,,..assuperior.in ,eloquence- and beanty.tq thoso of-the. Moslem Scrip-
i ,. 8 . .... .: .,i';'tilres.sl~ould:~e~." pouicd'fcirt1,-lilm copi'ous showers by this sinl- :.' . . . ' "
.... : ,I.' pleiaiid:un~9t&red. 0.- . . . . ~ o d I:" exciailnkd the Saint of . . , .; $:,. .". :;;<, :Kh.. , , .;:. . ,.. . . rassu,::~!.iii:;'fme (;of *"Ah' aniple proofs, how is denial possi-
. .' blo?" The Bfullah Mi~l~amlnad Ali o f Dhrfurfish, a man noted .
I. 1 . .
-:..:l'.f6r' his ~ i c t i and godlines&~~~hadi.noi;aooner 'sdcn a i d conversed . '.'
, . 'with theBab.than 110 at onco believed,.witLout. seeking any fur- . . ... . ,:
... . - .. - &,. . . . , . .I.:, - . ther.,siggi .:regir(1ins such .a,;dcmand ;. as:: unseei~lly, and was re- :,;::,:
. . . . '.:::Anothbr of ,the caI.ly . a n ~ . . . p r o ~ i p e h t i . d i ~ ~ i ~ l e s m,& the remark- ., ____. . . . . . . . . . -5.. . . . ,. , ,.? ,: % ' .. s.;..:.;: . .. I I :& --,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . b l o j ; w ~ r n a n ~ $ , ~ ~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ g ~ i t i a . jbf,!;,tha,$$o~enicnt + ~arrifi-taj, or , . -:.,; ;!: ,:. . . . . ,. -. ,.'. , . . . . : ,.,:? ~old~~'!~~ro~ilh:~*~!~ji~he .d$I!gl~t i~: .hf i : the;~~u~ah . fjalill of R a p . :'. -'
. . . . . . . . . . . . '. .:I vln; she 4as:a.s :beautiful in person. and.. nswinniug ill her grace . . '
I ' . . . . -a~d-srve&tnt& >s;$ie:i'w~9., eloquent ~ i ~ , p u b l i c apOeohar~d learned . ;;:;;.: ; . . i - . . .a ., . ' . . . . . . i."?':. . . .... r,.. . :'.$,~:;i&;'F;&i;ol~~illi'i,-~,~~;;,&elo~~id^~. ;poet .Ijidfouna.afid s,lbtlo . *
pliilosopliic reasoner, rich and ~roble by birth, fil~c sul~o~.tIiri:~~ctl . all her gifts to n fervent piety of the liiost austere ant1 c~rt l~~~si ;~. . i -
tic ltind. Slio Iiad been an adlnirer and disciple of tlre dul,nrted . : ! ........
.. % - .:. . ,.ij-~:::.;le~br .of:::th'hi; ~heyk1~i~~~~~hool;~~;th'oo:,~c~~d'~~~6zim:~~ ... j,R?sht,. and . -r ..... ,:: ... . .-.. . C . .. : + . . . . . . . . 1 ..F.J:- ;!: - .?r$;+ai . ::&::i51-.tl~oi~ . . ~ v ~ b . ; v s o ~ ~ ~ f i ~ i o u ~ 1 ~ ~ . e x ~ ~ c t i n ~ +. ., :npproaeli- ... :, .:,.L?;;;c,,.:;
;I,;;3+,;;$;'>,;f;f ... ;... .... i~$;ic~~if~~tiffo~ll~fr,rt]$ pf&li&jd-l?~9,-jfj: b?: Dir'or to* tll& ?J"J'lft]!':"l.-f;, ?': :::: . . . : i . . 7 ' ? ... . .;*.: .. ,>, ,::: mi&:: So,"&hen : l i ~ ~ . ~ . f r i e n d ; ~ ~ l l ~ ~ ~ ~ n & ~ n - : o f . BushrSweyh, had .-" : . , . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . ' . -,.":..;. .+ t&hgnizedr .i<;,tlii Mirza ;:Ali'- Muhammad.ftlie l'oolred-foi .: 1. ..: ..: i,. , ,. . . . . . ; , 2;~;'!~,.. ,~ , -. L...qcli::.h ci,Gatc, ancl sli&.h$d~hid~a cl;aiiec' td reqd ~l~is~verse?, iloct~jn$l' t~ea~;:?i;;:.?!>{ t2: *.~.... ;;-. . . . . . ... . . >..
i::?;:;:t_:$is& a i , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ n ~ l ' i ~ ~ ~ ] r s , witlio!it 3vaiti1,g to deo,'l;li~: n,ey,hiastcr , .:; :':>::{; ..-.<, 1: .... ; ... 2 - .... -- ... ..._.... :;'ft. L.. . , .. -i>: . j;!.:ififjc& . ;:.I-. . $6 fa&, 'sl$ : became. his::clisciple ::aiid:.\;ras l;ew&dcd with tlli"' '. 1.:: ">I . . . . . ~ . ' '.' I .title:rif ~ ~ n h b - i - ~ j b i r a , ; ' ; H& lIoliness ,tlio.Puro." Shc was, how- ' . ,. . . . . . . , . ' . , . . - eier;..best-known by the pootic.li+rne; Kurr.at .u'l-Ayn, i. e. ' b Tlie .'. ',: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . Consolation of. ~~es!'.. name given her b y - h ~ S l r s t . & a c 6 ~ ~ ~ S e ~ : ~ , ~ $ ~ i ~ , ~ . . ,)rid.KSzim. : . He%-faith . . . i io: t ha new prophet.wi$i .intensei$p4;&i$i$:;,qi;:
; - ++_;:;.7:.;;@fda4yithsms9t: .\.. i1p~~t~,~4$dtjp'~:$~1i$: +. t h i i g ...... ..,:... hFisel~li$i*t::-t\,@&@$i$!! . ..:. .J... .,:. :.. ,-. . ..-...:. ... :. doill , i & b ~ t ~ ~ n e $ ~ i : r u ~ i ~ & . ; -&L$.flef ty:hen, ~.~us~a~~~::and,~~~ilq:G,l-,~~&~r.;,:
. . . . . . . . . . . , . , ' - . ,';& -:..- 6::
. . . . . . . ; .-: countti& tlro~lo~~.:of.:.weaItli,oame-.rodp'orition ,aii_ndtu<g',i~;ieliQ .... .-.c¶ I..a. .,. . ,- might. serie:illcr ,, Blist&r.:::i ~ l~ i , i l ec tu i c s &hich~shi:,iiasf;itpti&.i~$:$~:~i~-;~~:::
. . +:: ' : proclaim . . . : the _siins. a n d &aching o f . the ,&ow : p r . o p h e t ~ t o \ $ l l i + ~ 2 ~ ~ ~ ~ ; ~ ......... : ....... ,.. -. shfp&j&ttg4i:b:6ttli ;n!e9:;qid, .sfggen: (*nlj: e & ~ i l , l : ~ ~ d : ~ ~ ~ t ' w ~ $ C ~ ~ . l ~ $ $ ~ . . .. ,.. .L ..,+ 4 :?:. $1 ; . -+... -! .. '. :; ....; taj&:bi&d. w ~ c h , s l l c & m seated)~i.made.~n~imm~~so:s~~~~ti&;;j~;,!.i;r~::@~bb, . . . , . . ..... *..:.,-, . ;..?..'!.- .;.; -. ., **A? ;!.Ji.:$
I . .:.It hr:charged the-slio: ev&'!di&rded :the &il..: ;But. t be .Qa~~r . : ' ~ - i~~ ,c~ i " .* , , . .< ~%*,;:z.-..,, .. 2 8ay:thnt i t was -~ov~r.iokntionnnlly,:.but' only: b$.chinje; tlqt;;i*;F;j;iF$ the excitement of her oratorical or poetic improvisatiouii, t l ~ a ; & ~ ~ y . - . ~ ~ i i ~ ' ~ ... i i1.g llcr face d~.opl)c.tl Ti.uti1 its l>lnc:c. 1 IM ~ l ~ ~ ~ t A : ~ v : i ~ ~ o e such a woman. ay~,!',Consolationi .?.. . . . . . . . of. Xyes," Mc, p r o ~ y n , + ~ e l l . : a a ~ e ~ ~ ~ ~ , + y ~ . . . . . . .-
- . . . . . . . . . : . . . A a , . . V. kirg;$p$-@@~$tiy. . . . . . . .nd;my,&n&;o, b. :. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ h c ~ ~ m e n o ! ~ ; : , b ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ $ : ' ~ i ~ ~ < . ,. - I . I *..Q,<:, . . . : :: *, :~6~6)$$m~:,Pecsij~$:, i~ ;&pfQdi&~:~~,nap~:-,?lmo4tjiii . . i ~ , ~ i P ~ O ~ ~ ~ j . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . . . . . .... . . . . . . ... ... , -.,;: ,, k: ..r,. !;".,l ;:- + . 3. .- . In~ke,jd;:db.u80f,: . _ ... -. ...... I ~zi+clpus.,l&trc ,heiiinSdi,l t.L:l],eCtti;aI:&?2a~~~
. . . . . . ,... 2: .:.: 3"
gifts, lier f e c ~ i & ~ ; e l ~ ~ u ~ n c ~ ; . h e r .fearless 'devotion .ind..li~y.:.gl~.;::;Z:I:i:: .. .. : . ,_. . ., . . - ,)~~~i,kJ;G . - r i o u s . r n a r t ~ ~ ; $ l ~ e ~ i t a ~ d i ; fbrtli-:incoxrjpam~la: ?$l;;m@)ft!k,t%;; ;.,.' ' , . . , . : . , . . - ,. . . . . . , . . : . < . . . . .
. . . . ..'- . . . t h ~ ~ ~ , m a 9 t ~ ~ ' ~ ~ t l ~ ~ f o r e ~ 1 ~ u n ~ ~ ~ a ~ i d ; ~ c h ; ~ n n ~ l ~ a £ "c~miuunica$i)uu~ - .L.i of:;: . A h-t - ; ; : s ~ ~ $ j ~ ~ ~ d,,>i$ .;+
tho :~&6ii~~i1i'1li,?,i;!~it &:the : ~ & u l m i d ' world: did : l@t, ~ C C ~ I : , ; ~ . , ; , ; ; ~ ; , ; . . ,.,-. .. -
' . ~kceived,disie~p&@& t ~ e q t ~ ~ t ~ ~ @ . b o l ~ ~ p ; . ~ ~ . ~ 4 : . ~ o ~ o . , ~ e f f ~ e t ; ~ v ~ , y ~ ~ ~ ~ : $ ~ ~ f ~ ~ . . . ....... was formedt2:;.This::rnas ': .. . no .. less . . than to send the' B i b , u a d ~ b t 1 ~ e - . ..,,... ...- :,-!?i;, ..: ..;"
2 l-.. .-,h.,'- "A >'.. gnidnnce of -;brY;-lieuti$~ante, Hnji . Sulepmah r.Rhal~:a~d ..TInzr .... ,.,, t .... ;: I . .. ;.;.: , Y
liutlilus,. to . , . . . . . . . Mecca, and thero proclaim his divine rnissiiili ta.ztL0. :-; .:,: ,: .:;..,,,,, ,- ,;. great. $$~m)~ag~;~~fi.;Filgl:i l~s :.frbl$; nll.>p;jiliteTsijdf:; 1 ~ f ~ $ $ $ ~ N Q t ~ ? . ~ ~ ~ ~ ; ; ~ ~ ~ ~ : . . . .
... . . I ' . : . " .- . . . . ,. .: . -.'I;...;+?,,~,,: . . .:.-. . I..I. I. . o i ~ l ~ : : w ~ d l ~ ~ ~ t ~ l e ii$ci nowe t]ris,.b~j spl;cad . m&.,;widcl$: tli?u1 1%; .;,.*.;.,+?.; ... .I .. _ , . . : . . . . . . . . . any othe~. \ray; it"&ould also fillfill the proplpllccy: whiblr , . . . . . J e ~ l q y ? ; : ~ , ~ ; ~ : > ti., ,:.: ,&j ..., '?.,! -,.,,, 4,. . ...- .. , ,:.; . " t l ~ a t . b l i&: Iha t~ l -~du l i would, maioifost:himuulf a t Meeci ,Me-3;,5;;:i> ;: ,. . ' - dinn;ad&,.beioad 1 ~ h u f n a n d , ~ ~ l i u ~ a & n at.the!.eu&
Mosque, " with' euch an lair " ,(to q&te- the-. wofds of . one whd . ' , . ' . . . ..... . .-. _ dated his convymion . . . . . .lo. - Babisa . . :fr0m:t4~t;';jni$deqt) ..... .. . . . f c of eolemn- . .:, , ., ...:.;:ii. . ..&,.
: ............ ,$:--emit:&Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . - ~ e ~ a r & ~ ~ : . @ & i ~ ~ ~ i ~ i C p ~ ~ ~ l l 6 & ~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ i t l , r ~ ~ ~ , e n t ~ ~ ~ o - i ~ ~ i i i ,.r ......... V L . .. - . . . ,- +..> . . . . . , . . . . . . . :$:-: - . .: ..- ~ ~ t . 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r b ~ ~ a < s ; r ~ f y ' ~ y ' ; t h ~ f , ; ~ t ~ & ~ ~ s ~ U ; ~ ~ d ~ $ihi;zr',:~e, vho, is: f&<: .:. ->;:
, . - - , , , . * .- ' nrhe<,oht of;. tlra',.'fahily.of: -hf"hahmad' (i.:.& t];4: Mahdi). 0;: else' :;'<:: '*;!.: .T.. e ,.: ..- "': one of th6'~h~rdianswhb'sl1dl'accompaii~ him;" . ,-,,;, ;fa.;,r:.. $?., . .:... '. - . . . : I n 1845 the;Ual? .............. rct&ned,-tb. ~ u s h i r ~ ' b ~ sea and,then.visited . . ... :. ..: p,,h%,_,. - ,..,, ; ~ h u f ~ : ' a n d Kh"i.6sja~+.t6 6&$&y, .-':"; :2:i
._I
,<&.<;.: ........... . . . .:. . ~ ... arid at b'h&'.se$t;akt:his. 0 1 ~ l @ i o ~ ~ i e s ; i ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 f ~ ~ ] i ~ ~ p~&ipa[cities df, . ..*,: .. , ?.
.?;.i; ;: . : ~ e i s i s . t? 'prdclaim h i ~ ~ $ ~ ~ t h e ~ ~ ! ~ ~ ~ & $ ~ ~ ~ . ; ~ f ::Allah," hi& whd - "'I: . . . . . : ;$% . * -. - ,I
. . . . . should appeir from tlio 1inddgspf'-the.. &Bat. Ptopliet. Eighteen -9. . . cliief- apostles were appointed, halleti the Letters of tllc T IIVIIIF. ' '
'1'11~ vic~!>, ig~lora~lce : t t l t l l l i l l~~~t~>~t~t . ss ul t I t n * ~ . ~ . ~ I I I : I I * . > I t * - ' .
, ............ , ,...+-. . . . :,iclaime4,;;: t t i a ~ : i n ~ ~ i r ; i t i o n > ~ h i ~ f ; ~ , ~ e ~ a k l ~ d ~ ~ hi&i,jt~..:~~i&. . . . . , : . ~ r a b i o . . ..- ...., . . . . Q.; :. :::: A- , 811p&rioi:.'&- .. thb*i, of i:~li~-l$olj::'&bk' &&:. ttium;. . .@,";;; ; ..: . &&&-i~i6 'W-&;i.'
- _ . L;. 3,:
phantly adduced, and the notable conversions of eminent Doctors .>;,;; -
::F,. ... t :' -.. .$:' . . . : . . of:, Islam: and the ver;~r.,.dissensions: an&~,persecutions-- of theqtime: . :-;. I:.: \<.: , . .
. . , . . . .
i.,L. . ,were broi~ght forward a s eigns that h i was the.-true Gate of the, . - :.. ,: F'-. :...'; . .I' New Dispebsation:. . . ; , ........ . , ............. , . ..............
. , &:::; . . 1.-.-,-. , C',
. . . . . . "'i. ...... :, ';-, . . . . . ; :.,;j ,.?. ..,? ,.,.s..c;y:: $::.:i.i.:'.' .. ~ $ : ; I T ~ ~ . Y ~ ~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ , ~ ~ . t $ ~ l i & ~ ~ : f g ; i ~ ~ i h ~ i . .gf;_ib; ,M+ jem.. laib Gii.6. ,- ., : ..,;;
, ,-.I..+ .........' 7 ' . . . . . . . . . .... %:..+ ,.:;,,, z .. , . . . . , , . '; ejshcedih6ily.'~~grjr:.;.;nt . ; t g df$:.'tgisi ll&,&y; '.;:. ~ f i $ ~ y ' i;,?.:-%+'!. .-..?,.. . . . ...' . . . s*,. . % , . .. - . ., .:, .... . p r ~ ~ c h e t s .of,. tho fiith,.were: n?obbed.:;ahd~gfidviusly maltreated, , ,,; kf.;+,t'. , , , - - . . . . I :.. . .Yr. . . aid:.:cv&i", p~~ifi&d:witll '-t l ;~., ]d~]l~:~.b$tl;&:d~t]l~l i t ieS~.~~ Tile. Bab .: . _ ; :..:c '.F;,.-:, .... . . .
. which ie s y m b o l i d of the Divine Unity, while. a continuous . . . . . flog.i;-..:r;i;.:.:::v L!,:;:.i?;;~;;
. of light llunp lilts a ,veil. roun,$,%bou$ h jm and r o s e hearenn&-aa. .;;;*;.:.+ 4:- -$ "S " ...... ' ..: ... <pis . l igh t s0.;+@q~qp~ga~:+$-i~;~;fd~~1i~g,:;~~;i~,~~~~& $l,lnl~'+~~n&~~*~>v~!~$y~ . . . . . . . -:
C .., , ..-* ;.. ~, , - .- s"Y"':)*.
. . a0.i .hin,,tbot ; t h s _ ; , e j ~ ~ ~ ~ s Qab4C;-~~<.ptlibr;:&dmpnnis~;Gf:'$$~~i~$ . . .,* ;r ,.,. <'."'\ .:
- .: : the fligllt, behplding: : . . , . thikl::utterod,'fi, laud. ~Sy 'nnd . , 8 ~ o ~ ~ n ~ ~ . . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , ~ , ~ ~ ~ ~ : ~ ~ : l " ] " ~ ~ ~ ~ ! . . . -:+;.:; .-.-$ * . ,>,$ ,.!?+?. . and was never-again in;;llis right: ;$ind,'nnd : * o ~ ~ . : e f t e < . ~ ~ : . ~ ~ . . . ! ,;
.t;c::"- ; , L L . cffect, of. tl+ vision, yielded up his spirit to the Lord o f ' g l o r ~ . . ~ . i ~ ~ .a; :>:. -, . .. - ,.;kkX/s ;>,ti: . - 'l:. . . . . . . : ; ? . . ; ; . ~l(is,rujr$tll($£ . t l ~ ~ a ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t ~ a n ~ f i ~ ~ ~ r a , t i o ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r h a ~ ~ . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ ; , ~ , ~ ~ ~ i , . ~ : : .. . _ _ I
,? ,:.-&$.$ . . . - a
. :-- most~,striling of .the , s u p a m a t u m ~ p o ~ v . e ~ : ~ ~ d .ihcideqts,attiibuto~.~::-~;~,rii;~..$ . - . . ,:+fi:: ..-?*. '. :
' . -td:him b. h i s ' f o l l ~ r v e n ~ . ; ~ But . i t is . : .onli-one imbngi%noy.< ,.T)le;,!~:u ,...: *::. .. A*..b- F~syj faith o f t h e ~ a i b i a . i n the divine mission and character & . t h e ~ ~ ; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ f ' ~ $ , ~ < ~ > prophet was so ardent as readily. to lend a r n i < ~ u l o u s ' t i n g ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ $ ' 1 , - I - I . ~ ~ . O I I ~ I I I O I I ~ ~ : W ~ ocu~~~.l.c:~~cc:.+. Doors, l)oltcd :111tl loclit!tl. openetl: a t hi.? command. A box of sweetmeat? that h? had w ; ~ :,:,,,,, ,, ;.-,..
. . - ,;? ;,.;:;:,; i,':., old i t l i is touch. c :At M i l L . l ~ ~ e a l e d . & i . s c a l d ~ ~ c i d e ~ j .$hi~d;,~$~~~;~;~~~; : . . g. . .. ;: ,: -;'f* :. i', .,
d r a ~ ~ n ~ ; ~ ~ . ~ l ~ ~ ~ l c e i c ~ i e f _ . tirer ~i&.;<id;~i~e~ati~~~.~e~hin'cj:~1~~;~~@$i words. Tlie,:water in wlicll he washed ;ms sought~by t~~~i<iici5~~:;f4:!:. .... .I :I
d, , 2 c,.i%-2:,;'*q . to use f o r . . - . th.eili",:: ... tlie::.siclr,'. nncl:.provecl ..efficq~ious.in;;yq~l<ing~~~.~~;~~ . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . wonctrons cures, ' ~ e s i d e i this, he exhibited 'nisrvelous .,pb.iiifs~bfi:~:;{.;,.;.:-;~~~;~ ,;*$,.,~,&.7.'?;,,
, . propl~ocy ,and .. , - . - linonlcdge o f secret. things, ~ u c h ~ n s ; n : , & ~ s s i ~ e l ~ i ~ ~ : ~ ; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ inj). ;cucumherr .-. ~ f u 1 1 ~ ~ ~ M i ~ ~ a : ~ ~ ~ h a ~ ~ n a ~ ~ ~ n c ~ :s~?t~:d~\~$~,~$~~O:,i~~;~.-;~~~~~
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1
J:.-.+:,~?.:..:,.:'. . . . i- t l l o ~ i ~ n d '?pd
proofs ,of..liis nliyiion, <nd':did-nqt.dcsirc t o hiv~.tllemipiiblisll$!.;j;~::!;$~~~~ ~11e:onc.suheinsturnl'si~. os':mhicl! lle rested his commission. was:..'-^^^?^^.^.^::
Jum'a .asko~ him i~j, Isfahnn, :! dQ yQ$;,$gt+)li~lr,t~& .., t'ru#: .. .-,.... d .$l~<a;::: ..,.. ..--, .,.<:.;+ .<;*:,,
uhim 1 .,?_ . ~ ~ ~ . . ~ ~ r ~ ~ s , " mid t l ~ c Dab, " for sit,llout pause of p~l 'Y~~. : : -a~~c . .--, ' I can, in the- space of three 1lours;~write rt- thousand sent0n~es-a1t.:';r~.~.~:-.~::::i:.~ any . . . . subject that I plcasc." "put," objectcd lliv host, b L you' III;IY
. ' . . - : t h e J 1 a ~ . ~ . u ~ i ; n i x : : , m ~ b j ~ ~ t : . . . . y ~ ; l i l i e . ~ : . . . , , .r. . . tbTl!t?ni:., sni'd~'l~$::~o~t,;;,;.~j~:$~~:;~ . . . '.:,.: . , . . . . j . j:. t: .?iitc?:foc, ?ps;lL,iiconime~j tqry; on .the :Sutra, : ~ ' l - ~ i ~ < ; . : . . . . . . . ($03 j of,.tlla; . ... :?:'?.':::: .. a - W + ...
',..;:?, ".?, ' K ~ ~ r n n ) . . , , Sy:.llis IIelincss, began..to-w$tu ;an&. in' tltreeillo!!~~;.;.1jrj.~~~$j2~
. [or six, ,in Mirzn ~ , $ i i ' s ?cqo~!nt] Wrote thouisid, vcries. 'Flha'...'!:...'*'.. . . . . . ........ ..: "- ..c .. ,,!i:thP ~nlnm- J I I I ; I ' ~ wa<convili&d : tlint -iucll poyd+~y.,from Go(1; . , ' : ,,.:l:::i. . . 'L; :,,.... ' ! :/ I-.: , .. . .. " . . , ..-. ..+A'.
. . being be)p~d;thn',onpiicity of mar.? ~ i ~ e w . ; l ~ i ~ t ~ r ~ , o f : ' t h & Dab; :+$..,r .'...% ... _ . ..- , . , . , .; . >: ; , ,.:, !;::;:*, * :& .'p$. 209 asd S$JJ,;.,:.!: :I ,:. & ..,.;,:,. &>;.,iL;.:.. ;>~~<~$~ ! . . ; ',.I, (.: . . . . ..: ;;: !... . ,,, ..? .... . .. ....,?..... . o . . '-..-x,. fc . . . . . . . ......... 4 .-'si,..'C ,r.* .* On his'nrriva! a$ ' I s f~ l la i , 'thb ~ n b ' wari.. entertained . bxpno; '.:, of ..:,: '.' . 1 .... .:.....
. . . . . vert. Tlie ~finuchir Khan, took a strong interest in . . . . . . . hiq;: and tried to at<angi). a .gb l i c discussion between him. and-:
,< ... t ~ ~ ~ Z ~ ~ ~ a d i ~ ~ ~ ~ u ~ l ~ ~ $ ~ c O ~ o e m i n ~ : ~ t ~ e ~ ~ e ~ j ~ f a .. .Tb r re y l a r ..; . :7::sG If;; . . , . i ..:.... .+ ...;:. ....... . ,b;"-< ,;z,, .... . .+.. ; .. ;. . . ..%' .. ~f'i,r-.. . . . . . . . . . .:U. 5.-: . . : a,*.-. ... ...a;.,:< . -.- c1ergy:weie n f ~ - ~ i ~ ~ t o ~ ~ ~ s P ~ h u , , argument: witli the L&esiarch,'apd,.. :... -7 .... . , . :.; - . ,. .instegd,. $j'jn,to -the Kkhef . . . 6ficiil9.int Tehe=aiil with a. batch of. . . . . . ? . ,
' : , . '$ros+i -'niisriiPrestintati~& : &,iixnor; .ordered to send the- . *..::. : Bpb to the capitch, mado .g- fibt o f s o doing, but concealed' him f:'"
f .. . . . . . . . . . 1 :
t . ,. . -;;:. .*. is, his;bwn palace,i.aud.~e$e$n:bffe~ed~it~is .(.::::..:; ...., .> ........... .iuegidi:to;lkqd. . . . . . . . - b h . five:.-:. -<.: i::,~ f i
I . , . , tbd&ahd tribesmbq.;to back 'hipl;.iii~di& he'-w~s')i4isposed 'to ,go, ,., i, .'::
,. . tb ' ha, with ' h e ~ ~ ~ & : i u & & ~ i & ; ~ ~ ; ~ ~ t ~ o n ~ ' i f tdi, however, this ;.:,;. ;! . 1 _ .....a. . . independent go;h;rn&, &lo ha$. $%o&e;. so at'taclled to' tho Bab, . :;.., ; ': - . . , ,(lied, and the jab was removehn'as- a prisoner of state, Rrst to .
,\lalrn, ~icxt to Cll1i111.ilc. :ill11 t.111!11 h) T;LIII.Lx. 111 tl~i-sc ~; i r i . a t
. Y . . . ...h......i..t.... places the Bab wiu . confined . I . . ''I for c tbyee.o.r: four years, beiug allowed,. . .- .... , . ~ i T - a-s
, . c S... . . . . .~epist~~~iprpersd.tieat~es, ,. .... s , e r q o ~ g j , ~ n d .~comm~entari~s,,, onn th::? ,:;I? . - ~: ~'~+~i;.~q;tkst;,Uh~~~~b~-,in &is ' ti,&jai@.!&,idl' to hzi;(, , exc&eded->'dne 9,!;7;<7;$ . . . . ' hundred' tlioustinil verses ; they ber&';ipresd among all classes of .
, .... . . ;. . . . . . . . . . . the peoplg and::througli a1l;:quarters of' the.:land;pnd ........ made mu!- ,- :::-:, :; . . titudes of ctin&rts.'" . Dui.ibg' thii!'timb; *also; a great step in the ; ' <+'; .;1 . . . . . .
. . . :. ,. i,,;Io,:thi ~ n r l y ; ~ ~ e n r ~ ' ~ f j t ~ l ~ , + b y e & n t , Mi&a;?~li . ~ u h k & a d bib': - - ,. ., .< " ..r, . . . . . . . . . i: ?*. . . ...... bee$~~oD&tt~.,ciill. ~i*2i?1ft:,k$-Q, &hi: . . . . . . . . . _ . . (3&ew+); of entrani* t o : . < ~ ~ < . ~ j $ , ' ~ .... . .
.: . . . i. : grea$F, ~ i v i i i _ ~ i $ f e s t a t l ~ $ .,_., , . _ , _ , gi * ; I $ C ~ : L ~ - . ~ M ... the forerunner. . . ., > , . .
>> . . ... . :-self ? '!- tlleosoplli8':i,d;igin~tio~ dhd ~ ~ . i ~ ~ a ~ ~ p e r s o n a l *ambition, : ,_:I 3,:; . . . . . . . ........a:.
, ' inqrtricnbly miiigled~yitl . . . . . . it, plomec~'tbeir.wings for a still Ygtier ' " ... .. :,,* (:.;. ! -0. z' -
.s::::E flig?f;:;l. ~ ~ l I ~ & ~ l ~ ~ s l ~ ~ u l d . ...... duq l.?p$~f6~~tlii<per\.tcr Theopbany, : lt:;.?,: .., ' tlie of the Divine ~anifiistiiion, tlian anlong the D:!I,i
.,.' t: . , leaders themsel~bs?';: I t seems to hgvo been Bazrat-i-IC~idtliis who \ .
first laill cl;iinl to bciug this Final Manifestatiol~ of (iuti, ~ h u I":
i f : ;- . : .,,:. Rukta jo:f . . . ~ o i r i ~ ~ ~ o f ~ ~ ~ R e y e l a t i o ~ . ~ f n . ~ , ~ 5 q ~ . ...... . . . . . . . . . ,th~.:,di?ine. inspiration, ;.:;: ,:;, . . . . . , . . . . I -7 .- $A :I .- !;:,- : rre*]ibdPts Flim'm. pnd' , ~ ~ d ' ~ d t ; ~ J & ~ ; i ~ : . b d d i l j;: form ib;: thh 'e&&, ,5:!?2:.Q ...... ,- . ' - * <--.,*?. ,:. ,.: . , - .- . .- - .. : . , - I . ? .i.. L - - - . . . . . . . -. %;*
)..;e~+$.-;~&. ..., .*.:,-:,;.,; ...?'-. p.!<$ he:; @+d,i<!d: al~t:bf:iverqq; ........ ejth: ahicl?; he- had be en.-:..+:^;-+ s -..,.q:t,%:k!!fl: -.,:y- .. ..v<i-,<spire?., $.:.j'br,. a~ti~er&~i~~&~li~~u!l~&m& hilowed I.&:: &&-. ........ . ,-. . 4. ,. ., 2' . f. .......... ...yo" , , A - . . . . . . . . . . . . <. 4' .;.': I ,;.,,(.;., . . : . .:a%.: .:.and '.iris sun . beoqme ~ ~ ~ ~ i r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ : i ~ ~ ~ ~ u i e s c ~ n c c . ' l ~ ~ , . 1Ie . deferred. . . . . . t o ... ,;.:." .-.?
.*. . . ... ....--...... ' "**'~~;i&ci-l(u&l&. . . . . . . . . ,as-his. I . . , . ipiritiil; _. : * & i i ~ r . : ~ ~ d : ce~sedi . . . . . . to. &rit$,:_j: :.;;i' .: .., >..- - . . :,.?:- :,,L.:j <;
~ t ; ~ l : i ; , ~ ~ ~ ~ l l i O f ; ~ r b i t e i .-...v,.I ~f : t l i $ ~ ~ p $ , . ~ ~ $ ~ l ~ _ i , ~ ~ { y d ; . * b ~ : h?? fivt ? i s p o ~ @ : r ~ d : + ; ~ ~ ~ " i , ~ r?:tr.
5 .. the. .~=bfand: &-+;ned:'the b;f : j ! ~ & f ~ ~ ~ ~ of t ~ , b G~~~ ,SD: : : : - . . :I.L :i a l s ~ yieldeJ priccdenc& to the bold clisciple who had been tlic:. 1,; ' ,I. :. " I . _ .: '>, , , . , . ; .,,, -' ."; '- . "" .. +
. . . . . . . 732 ~abi~rn'lanb' thk ~ a b . : ' . - .- $: : : : . , .+kf .. , ,, ecembep -2.~- , -.: % :. 1, ;,7: .,,, <rt7--i-. ', .,,. ..!< *:. ."<$..4 . 5 4 . : very last to be adwitted t s tho inner eircle of the"' Letters! ofz,+$i,,>>$.id
A. ,o:~.i-,',C'-:.,.$ : ': the Living? but who, POW, papired. G, r i se . ~b~vetbem~~ll;~~;~:$;~~;~~:: ,., -. ,':'..: ; ....... . . . : . . . .i . . 2 - : ~ d P P n ~ , ~ 9 ~ ~ ~ ~ l i $ , ~ n _ ~ ~ ~ i i ; ~ o r i 1 ~ ~ ~ e ~ f mi . . th~$@$nX~~~t,~rr;'ih~$i;~(~~~f~~i$$~*~J ,, . . .8 . . .......,,,. .........+...... ,..; ,,&&, ,e<; : .A : :?': ,,bt~e~:ti&cs;::he; clni&od:to: b> Cljri$, comb b40k to e&td%,Tbs.:!g:- ~$',.fi
. , • . . . . >,:: , . -.5*5Fd 1.. .tf& Q . . . . . . - .propdetss - ~ ~ j r a t t ~ l - ~ y f r - ~ i 1 ~ ~ ; ' $ 1 a i + ~ d . t i$& ~ ~ " m d n i f ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ p l ? d..<$+.<.>&:rr . . . ,& . L > . . . ,* . - --~f . . : ~at . ima, ' t h e prophet8e. &ughter;,and -'.that-:anytbing unbleaq . . . . . ;;14mI&z;:2kZ?I?i
:,: rvlio'from tho outset seems ta.hire beeq,the r e j~ lu t6 iu l j . h~ spirit-~~\:*~2~5*'y ..; .,,.! g. , . '1 o f the neG sect, concluded. tci..16 turn down '? tlieirtob: nqMti6u?I';;~2~!;~~k7.
disciple. Whether they did not find Hazrat-i-Icuddus' verseis gei\;$;i-f:j.zz.$; uil~c or sufficiently ilrslliretl, or this v:lil~ :LIIII bu1111)tious le:~dlc~. .
had beeni.+il&d.: and 'he liad.. bet& ,Icontint_ td.'m~~ife&'!~lliin~C~~:i~~~~5i;<.~:~;I. ., .....;.. ..... y:' t - . . :. simplym: tl,e, B,$b: ~nGate;.te:_Th~ i ~ a b i 3 1 i u r ~ h ~ $ e t h ~ s i n s t i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ $ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ s i j ~ ~ . . . . . . , . ? . " . -. . .- . . , . . . . . . .
: , . . . . . . ; '5:. . . . . . . . adopt* t ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ u t i o ~ o f I ~ t ~ ~ ~ : ~ m y 4 t e ~ i d s 9 ~ ; i o f ;.PfoviBe~ce.; ~k~dci,tli?$$c&~$~~ : : E: .Mul l iY:a~~eyq- ,"@:;revardi;i;f&r;:,1ii88i ii~~tiina)l~~+p.i~e~;~)~~~~~~,;:;;~~~~;
5 heink ~~ro'mot(id :! to. the p o s i t i o ~ , ~ f Bsb.-. SVith:tho- a & h o n r ) ~ d g ~ ~ . ~ r ~ ~ ~ i < $ ~ ~ ~ ~ . .: . . . . . . . - . . . . ..: .: ,: b, .d' %!.: . : . . . . 'L ...
.-...,. '. . _ . . : : : . mont. o t a;, vpremg ,a~dPliip:of . _ ~ i ~ $ , ; ~ f i , ; ~ ~ ~ ] ~ ? ~ ~ % d ; ~ ; ~ f i i ~ ; ~ : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ $ $ $ { ; ,.- ,,. i.. . Jigpity of.~Ba~-~\v~~.left'.o~e~~t9'~ dgSFond:, th4,?ij&t', jGti;&p:in . , ,. .< . ~:~~~:"~;:h:;'rJ:~ .+5Fi-st5 !,<;LC;
... .!. . . . . :..eml.iiyeci: . upon .IIazyat;-2-ICudw to m a k ~ him: jield,.bis claiss, . . . . . . . wi~.:'.::.;,.;~;::?p.;d . j i . . ., . . . . . . ' .PC P . . . + . .
' ' are no t told ; .b i t yieldbe:did.:.;. Now. tbat.; the. Bi~li~$acJ ~,~e.~.m(s;j,&:~i~+;~;.;j the~(@m;:~h~&prem&~aoifesktt iou of tllc,~,ivine, greater won- ;-;:::.T'": ders thirl e&.att'en&d'.. his cnrcer. . ' I ' ~ & b . . m d i o ~ ~ e of ' n i i g l ; f . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ j $ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
.... ,;,,-. and msljeutg.stroarned from his couutenancc that none.could. bear; ..L,,c . ,.,,
. , .-. : . ;_ . . .;;,,to: . l i 0 1 ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ t ~ ~ ~ eff i~l '&fichf :bis..glory no&bea"t~-.':ii ~ol&ne<z'.:$j?yi;. . . . ;:, ,,:: Pi .*-.
-. - ;- d id . c ... I tlie;Indiaa.:Bklicv~r:ca&h.~igbt of _the.'f~~&'~&~;:~-li~.~ol~bs~~: , . . , . . ..+ .:,!:..> ,:;?:r - ~ ! t , # ~ ~ + ; ~ , w ., ::$$ ... ..-. . . ... :. ., . : .d~~~th$~l~&.~xolai~~s(l:..~~, . . . . ( . . . ? ' a Tliia . iti-my . . Lord,''liid. . . . . . . . . . . . . fell . . ~ w @ ~ u i p g - t o ~ ~ ~ ? ~ ~ , ~ ,,I,: .,,, ?,+ :,.. -".. .. . ..---:,.. ,!..".'.' ..:::-. . ........ .. groiincl, <i,?1 ... i , :;: ; ......... ,. :...; . . . . . . . . . . . ,,,, . . : . : , l ~ , : ; : ~ ~ 7 : ~ ~ ; ~ , -, ,,... .... ,.;;f;::~, ?..er ,<- ,:v,y>.:..,,< > .% .-";r.2,,. :,.:!...l;rl'l;i(;i(
T-L. , ;,> ,g+$5i;"%:5jtl~F,:el!:: ~lci$id ~ r i ~ w ~ . . b e c o ~ ~ , to ; lii<hllo~~&i:'l .. ( : I . . ~ i s : . . ~ u ~ i i $ + d : ? ? .... , , . .~-. .:: l i j , .~p .+.r.!*2it& , . . . . . . ~Hol?nesq;l;'t]~~.. .~o~&~" , s . :. .;. :itwill:bg '.most, con ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ b ~ t o $ ~ d o u t i u & , . ~ ~ ~ ; : ~ 4 ; ? ~ 1.6, . . . . . . . . , . , . . _ . , 6 C , .., . . , ,:::, 2 . : .; ::: ;":' . . . ~ 4 1 : 4i~:+by..th~:naine:.by;.w1~ieh-: he;, 118s rlv.iiabeeri. lcno~~:i l l : tl@.;:-:"'~;k;S!$i$:
. . I . . ,c 2-, , ..'.A',..
~01.ld at largo) wore of oourse how 'greater. tisp:..e,~er...-. $Jof .tong,%: ~~~~~!?? . f . ;?~ - : L. .<:I' ..:;.:&
. present ruler of l'ersia, ~ ~ i r - ~ ' d - ~ i n , ascended the tl,rouc. SIICII *'. . ..,.;'"' . . . . . . . . . . . '. y c ; -;.,. :. , . . i s - _........ ' ..... -. is ~habso$~f~a$oasty,19~t1;e:.~.~+f$ P~@ij~;g~9ePn~ennt is -8bpurely . . . . . . . . . . . . . < " : :% . . ,.. . ,.. '.'rpc$so&d2,bit ,.>.. . a;b&tit<tiobfik &jtt&,! &i.e:.alway& periods of ullrest ?.+';<!;,?:; ,::; . . . . . . ... .... . .". ., "..' ,,.. , -;": , ,: {,. . . . . . - -:,:;gnd~turbulence:. :The tihtig&iam ,ljetwe6i;:the .Babig and. tlie .regu-.y?;:T., . .:-, . .!.& .:.. r
'-' lar clergy grew sharper and sharper.", ~ i o u t this time, or n l i~ t le ' , .'-,
:. :.: , -,',,;epdier,, thero occul~ed a t Badyh t icodference- in which there was : I ;b;:.2:C . I - - i.) .; .... i....%2 - , . : d ' p e d t deal:of 'wild talk-'&e I:ep&:df w&ll in&e&dd.the.popu-: - .::; ,.:,:;
. - ._..... ,c ~lar,1)r6judice:,:againgt, tllei)3abis.;; ~ l l , ; i l i e Ioutward forms of re l i - : .~[ : . - , ,~~~~ . :. - . . .... ....., '.,'.> . e....... . . . . . . . . . .::;'-?$& pryer'~f&tipk~:p~lg~~@a~~,.and.~?1~~~~~~FQ-.'e~P18ine~~~~&~:~:~$~:,~-;~~~! . . . .-,< .... -.. ....,. " S i . . . . . . . . " . . . . -. . - . .
;:, y.r:. ~ < . . g . : ~ i ~ l l e g o ~ i e ~ ; ~ ~ d - e ~ ~ ~ ~ i o : . : ~ ~ ~ s , w ~ 6 ~~b~titut~d,.;~~:~ll-men's; . ,, :i3?:,,i'>3 . . . . .' .-<. I.::;?
.' . . . ..-".-, - . ":':.goods ,<.,. . wera declar6d to bei the. :pidpert j l -~~f~~th. point, the head of . ; ., :,:: . . . . . . . t . .. . . .- . 1 :. . . , - .- '..%the: @abi:,chufcb3; . polyg$,i,j~.&~~~tl;~ . . . . . 'i++btious . i n woman's 2 :;.:I;;;:. j;.; . . . . . . . p.., . . , _ ..- ..,. ,*:A,,.:
5 0 0 1 tlia' ~~d~:'(i;-e.:'thh.~oint)l is t o h b ~ ~ ~ ~ e ' ~ l 1 p r ~ v i o u s religions.,,.:, .; :.; . ! ? ., , . . . . . . ... . . . ....
: .-' .:,and laws." 1 , ~ p d & < th&i%io of c!!. hiti . . . . . .who' i i ; to arise of the farn:;: .i,,:: i . 3". . . . . . . ..:, :. ...... ,,:.,-' ....... ,: ;,,.2.:.:!--..:i ...- ?- ~~f ~ $ h ~ ~ p $ d m , , ,::, ~~~~~ill~:~o;-~o~~t~~~~bai;i.~rs,~,~,invoke,blessin~s~.~.~.~~~-"~'~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,>.,.... . ", ... -%' ..... 'C..,. ........ .:- ....7-+ <. - .,a< .& ;4:
7 . . . * - I . nnd talre whatever they plcaso' f r o ~ t t h e shops. All g d s al-cb tllc
.m . . . . :. goods of tlie Point ';.:a.lI:mBn- are:"hiel-&&ants, ant1 ;ill wolnen nre -..,,< : his I~nndmaidens, whom lie givctll to wliornsoevc~. 111: 1)11:;1sotl1 ilod . .
, . . . -: .I:-+?.~taketh+,from. .I.r;.., . ybogso6ver ;hfj:,p!qseth:~'~; The Kibla (or place to ..: .,; . . :.:1 . .. . . . . . . . .. . .=". :.:* q. ..,-. . . A , ..'. . ,: , , j;! : ;. ; ~ Y . ; ~ ~ s . ~ ~ j e ~ v j O ~ ~ : ~ t ~ ~ O ~ - i i f .:Pf;~ye~):/$/-:~!l:i ... ......... $ro~pd:. u$:-I,M~~c& ~@&y&i<~~c,!-:,. .I...... ....... , ,,,. ..-. ' . _. r %. j:,- . i : i . ~ i ~ l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ w ~ s ~ t ~ r n i n g , t ~ ~ ~ r ~ s , &feci~(to:r'ecita. > , . ?.-.. >.-;. 'hibpr&yors, !t Con:: .) . Con:: .-r - , " " ;:,. .... ;:. .,1C .*'Is* . * . . . . . .. - ,.,, &;..:>,,~$:< ! .:.-,;;:.%.ri;; eol?ti&, of.,@jed _. .:. . . . . _ . !?j ladi . him; Ldeol-to . . , hek i::i(f;I,:{ii~ tlis~&ib!.?~ . . . . ...-..,. ;.:>$..:.?:$$;,.<$ .., .- - . *... - 4 . .
~3;~;.:r~~Tl~cse'e~ratio ,.. doctrigeiisSecn, not ~ o ~ l ~ ~ v o r c ~ a i d e d ~ ~ r e spec^^^^^^:^^& . :,; CL. .. ;, .-. . . . - ..q,:.;. !L- : .,.. .... . ,+--i~:.,..,:. ,,, ,dJqtiods~;~mglrfxOf +, .. , . , . ;$be Dabis, lji& . . . . _ ~ ' ~ u t : t h e m * . i n .-. I .. . prncti~~;:The)r;.;~~~~~:;,j~j %- c;. . . . r.-~;:::7,.:nf~~sed~ :y. .7.ib 4 ...... t o p y : . . . , taxi5 , . , . . ib thr&yei,nuiellt;:. ; ; ~ & e ha&% heiiibf' tli~$.:;,qj;;~ , , ... .,, ,;. ... : .. :. ' . . . . . . . . . . ::7>.~L?tPhh@li~:,+9k. i$:oi$.hinii ~ , , d l v o ~ o e ; ; p & ~ ~ , d n J . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5~rneh,.:;.:~cl&&iti~ f :::: !;.:*e,+c+,:%?e . -.!2f ;:,: : . . ,.: , Q ~ i . ' . : :.::;\:;:; & , 1' f thei;:.:"c+f:;:'.>~".. ,, . . example, ~ - - i ac i .~< idd& a$d.'!!;.CQii&lhti6n"of Cy
Noim of the Icadeii! of t h e Babis . could b e p;oved to . l a k bob&.:;..;,:;*$;-: .:; r ; :. L cdnctjrnid :: ihj: th<'qdrcJa~;;bpttt $he;1!;;1i'&4ur~1ly:; h$$ f G; :. -+,.<.;, <.i.,ih,
. . . :The,,oontrove+ie~,and ontagoniim L&"een' t i e ~~&r&$&Of:~ t ! , a :~~ ; , , a<~i$ i -~ i ,.*-i. 3::+ .;!
old faith and tho new' grew daily m'iro-: bitter.: 1s- ~ o i & d a ~ a f i ; , ~ , wllere the Bnbi religion spread rapidly, the two parties:apm@~;~$,~~~&+i$i~~~f~ I . .?.: ~ l r u Aiullal~ Huseyil was oltc!ring Barfurus11 at the 11cad ,of several,, h1ind~e4~,folIowc~s,. an attack was m a d e . , u p ~ n ; ~ ~ . ~ ~ , ; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ,:,:;,i .,.:,...: ,-y.>..*:
madide,,tbti Bibis. miiilied.'r$y.,, . . . . . . But. . . . . s~onaf ter , : te in~-~t t f$~~~:-~; i . : r;g$%;i; by ~e∈;~b~n~s;~o~j~ar~med~~:~e~:: .Whg:so~g)$:~to;:pl$~dey.P tI$~~i:~~~.?:%;ic.%;. , .:?y7w.z~:,,:;...' - i and who partly. succeeded, in': stril;piiig tllcln o f th@i<.bigga@,;:.:r ;<:)T:-*~~:!:
, ?:< ; 7 .. : ..;:j-$;u
t h e R~b i s . . k~ t i~ed~ ' to : ; a ~e,cludid :~ii~t, 'surrounded by ~ ~ d ~ . , l ? i $ ~ . . ~ ~ ~ < $ ~ , : ; ~ ; : ; ~ . . .- -. - swamps,and ercct&l:s: firtificatiti,~.. balled tho ~istle"of:. ~ l&j l rh : . . . :~1~4;.:~;i,.;~;~5~;;~ :...- .... .,r.i..-.
. , , . . ,. , x:z-. .,;p :>f.;;::;<:;%.! :. . hC&lred,:-&oit'of.: t&6& ::hdnr~ver,::me~':~uito . ,- ... . u n u ~ e d \ t q ~ r ~ ~ , , + - . - . ~ t ~ > ; ; , ~ ~ ~ Le .them....: ,;..T~+.p.-:*:.c.
a n d werfare.':.Tbe'gbk&rhtnei~t, jp&red aforce t i dislod, . ,,~.~~:;~;<,:;~:~;. .'I !:,:-4 .-.. .... . , .: BCt i-: q-,,b91cl,.nigb't atticlt' tbd 13abist leiidei, Mllll'ali I-hsegii',%ir: -1 s;:. : s:~,:.;;;~
.:;I,,: 5.: ....... prised.ind 6 t c d them. ..T!~e;gov,br;or of , t l i e~ :p r~v i~ ibcn l l&~d .;;;:;f;:.p:i; a.stilllar'ger .f01-&0, but- only . . . . . t o suffer, ignominio;s ddfeit. ( - .I?oiii:;r: , . : .<.. il.:;-:;;sz% ..... .- ....x 5.
t "L, ..;:,: (i;: iuld lour. t i ~ ? s , - l y thi: no i t :mtrepid sorties, tho Babis dii&rscd.::".-:. .... ... :.&, . .,;; ... :.+ -:. and routed i.h6 enelhi, : Ip th6 last sortie, however, - the ie io l~k@;F: :~ i : :+~;~~~~ iultl s:~gacious Bnbi commander, Iluseyn, called the "Gate of tho..&,, :,-,.,-.
'
<,, ,.,!,, .: *. ,. ;.' L. .* . . . Gate," the f i r i tof . tllg apostles, ivns wihnded, and he iocn a&&*..: ::;; . ::,. ,;i,
...:.. . . . . . . . . .The ;:. n o i b l t $ ~ ~ i , ITnzr~bi-IC~tld~i?, wlio sdicecded, ilaclccd tb .;- .r
were treacherously au~ounded- ' ad 'shot down, only a fern of the ' .. leaders', being re's'erved -for a miice lin6giing and .painful death ,':. , ,: - -
: . , ; ~ l l a o ~ ~ . . r a s . M ~ r s t y + $ l i ~ n g , ~ q ~ d i ~ e d ! " ~ @ ~ $ : $ i t ~ .*:.-,- ........ I .,.,.?,:,,- - ' A ~ ~ S ; ~ ~ V U I ~ ~ I L : ~ ~ : . ~ ~ : , . . ....... ..- . . . .a. . , ..< :.- '- :::" ._ - , -:.: 1iind;:the leade3off . . . . . . . thd~~obstibate.&%~itic~~ . . . . . . . > . . , . s:f . ..i ,.-. :
'. t~li~ty:s&en,wer8~il;rb~~d:~:~~ll!tho~&h~~~~1l1dd~~reno&e their . . . . . -..
- . .faith wkr~.o&~rid'pkidon. But &i&~ffaithftil..dn& ditcrmin.ed to ' - .; -; . . .
' dii rather tl;an fail in loyalt$.to their LGd. A11 of them faced " : clc:t t l~ :lilt1 trli-ture with a stc:arlfastness that profoontlly i~~~l)rc\sscrl the public, tvl ir , cluwtlcd tiit: Royal Stlu:ire to \vitncss tl~c~ii. c.st!c.r:
.. , ;.:: . :i _ . . ; . . . . -... . . . . . . .:.:. t i ~ ~ " . ' - ~ h < n : ' r t : r i h ~ ~ e r ~ h a ~ L : . ' ::- . ...%.,.. a,, bug6t':tQ:+&<&~$&e, . . . . . . .. .:. . . . . . . . . . . Bnbl$ uncle, ,?,.. . . . . . * , ..... , . ; ,:, ,.~;'~;?~+li~j.., 1c -Mf ..:&ie 'desji;4:iz,~artyi;dd&'ar!d tsd :,.htt+in,i,e., t!'bf ' i::. .:.?;'$ ; > . . . . . ,..:.. ,- . . 4.. ..-':::; ... .... ... . * . , : ,, :-- ':t~i~~~]l~ppinc~~~~i:-!~~fz$;~$~~j&~]i~$:']~st"jwdrh~:'~&r&j . - ,.-.- f L Know;:. , ::-- $22
.' '. . ';:::.; the l cu l~ ina t io$ ,~ f :shCL'&d '&v&&on ..<~j.'.~."+(-; . ' . . . . . . . . . ...... ; :>.,, ' y : .,;, X' :. . .i..... . :: . . , . , ' n.. % n j ~ $ ~ ~ ~ ~ : < ~ $ ~ ~ , ~ t l ~ @ : l l & & ( i ' ; ~ f ...... ~ ~ ~ 1 1 ~ 1 ; : ~ , ~ ~ 1 1 ~ ~ ~ k d Ali, called . 'i:: ,;;;= :;, .--:-..:.,- . . -'. .'>
t l le" .~r&,~ ,of &g6,,h;f#b&&;f o;bidde&~; $,.each 'thi doel , ::'::c;; .-r. .' . . . . .*?.. . . ' trines of Bsbisn~ Jn ; : t ~ 6 : . . ~ o s ~ l i e , ~ s e ~ e ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ t h b u s a n d 13itbi9 rose i i ~ . ,. .-
arms, and for a wllilc held out herbic'allj;:6gninit the nvar\vlrclnl- ,,::..;,;, :.. , -: ... .. , 2-7 . : ing.bodiesaof 'troops:bron~lit~h~ri~st~them~~:.::In. . . . . . . ... .. .-:-...;.: . . . . . Niriz, t l ~c Scyyid :,.. ,.: . ..::.y ,'? . I.s.. ,.. . , , . . , . , . ,.i_-dI:. ..,.*.. ~ $ : ~ ~ a ~ ~ b ; a ~ ~ l ~ ~ i : i i e q . : ' t l i ~ i n k ; : - ~ v a ' ~ ~ forbidden ti, tcrrdli:'.', .ie :!;:!, .<-; * - . :;. . ,.).L,. ,' " , .. .... . .,,-:.ig;jr:.. . : ;, f0]10w& defindi~l: bnd?: llbstilit~cs .ib~ok!o!~f:.'"~n .both b&&. : -::-:. . ,: ..... ..;; ;? ..-... . . . ..:<., -1 . ::,: .-:it!li i,gtbii, M& j ~ " $ ~ t ~ & t i ~ l l y ' $ tll$j' iais / ~ ~ : ~ e ~ ~ d l ; i < ~ a r i ] i ~ e & . . . . that:;'!*;.:i+-G:i, . . . . yi?-j,*.;.:<&,: . . . . . . . . . . . . . i ' . . . . . . . 'b:'!i!$;r.,, .. '.- .P:. r.::'. drobb tlle'Babis .to; desperqtjo" ~; '~~groic i , r~s i s t~n&~6f:~a . . f~m'~ tho"--.-?>., ;.F: ..... ...
. . ~ ... 2 -- ..*: , ' ' . . . . . . :, ..
: - , r ; : : sands against o v & ~ ~ l ~ o l ' & h ~ rnilihr$fof~es:~; Tl+d;ii'tlie heretich , !.:?,,:.: ... ...:. . . . . ., , :,;, ;;>; :ci , * .
nobody: FvGuld. any,. lopgcr fancy: h im the ~ I ~ a ~ - ~ g h d i . : ~ , ~ T ~ ~ 4 f ~ . z ~ ? ~ ~ ~ ~ ! -L.';<.J .? - Bnb, wit11 four companions, Gas taken from the prison w h f $ 0 . h ~ ; + ~ ; ~ ; ; ~
!!.!#I 1)11e11 quietly living for a long tilllo. nil11 brought to TaLrix. '*" l lere 11c wqs ipcqqti~:cntly tried a1111 bentcncell by the. ecclesiasti;
< -. . , . ,':<. - .. : : .. ,;,.;7i.**v,yG . . . . . ... . _ . 5\ : ~ ~ l ~ ~ i ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~ t i e ~ ~ a ~ : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , ~ ~ t ~ t ~ , . j . ~ , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ b ; : ~ a d ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ s i ~ ~ ~ i ~ , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
t ~ b i . ..... - . c l n i m i ; t b $ ~ ; t @ . ~ a i ~ r : :..... . . . . . . ..... gr&i$' I&e?l+f f&f~whoQ.t~yel~$~;:f.~{j.~>~~ . ,, ,i:*%!.:.;,..+ :.,
!+ - . .': :. . . . . . . . . . &Gjuri.c$ ,. K8d.i': .... , N..:y2---.+.~..., loolizd T~.:,: 2 r. Bq4t:th9:spighJ'. : bgf .or~ . 'h i s~&$4C~~~R'~;~&s:~ . , . -: , .-, ..- . . ,;?: ::FKitt ..... ' .... .: i. .............. &i&>G2,t tried to- prevnil, u p ~ i i one ' oE ' his' disciples to slay him; 8s -~t:~~~!)~;~;;,;::>~:i:,; . . ,.,. -:.: 0' '. ".
, . - , be . . . . . . . .better fsr-him:.tq . . . . . di6 by . the,liasds of his:frkdd@tbag :~YY,~hbp.9~;~,$:;;j$~~; of. his :&nel&ies.. ,~Mii;l;~'M~l~~&~a~.:.~li.~f.Tab~~.~s~<i~ad~'t~;f~,:,::~~~~~~
. . . + ...,,.- i. .:..I1 . . .. , ' .,. p. .>c :y+ p~~v?il?$ +lli$ ief?etprx~)-,J~reeiz.nt,;.in: ,order, it is. Jil,;t$: sw? o.,:~;;.%~=..-~~
. , , ., .. . t ~ ~ s f c ~ ~ a ~ ~ ; ~ ~ ~ o p ~ l a ~ i c a t i d q ~ ~ ~ t o ~ ~ t ~ iBIbip ~6f:.thkj~:&9$d~$:li~tttfi~4~i'f ..... : . . ,...,; ,-,. :;..,ri. E;: 4
. . . . . . . . . . cantatiolir . . . . . . . . . . 64 - fJ1~cj th< ~ec~ctqi;:. witlliiirerr!orsI)j: tilqt::i*::t~,~:i~<$$ t '-:::$'%i<;. ,:. - s ; i , : c . . , . t i r u a ~ f ~ , > ~ i ~ l , I& p'vulaimed ilk kitll,ai!d d iGd pt~qdf$st.l~:$~tp;;;;;!:;~~~+$~ . . . . .,.
oa in ass, recciviug,+ maqy indignities, and theh' brouglit. t?; tlibli: ..... _.:Sg%$j - . ~ a r & c l r Sq~ar&.i. - . ,. Th.oi.6 bc and-his faithful dornpanio@&er& l~~pg:::l,:$K:~..$
--,*.:b-.'*t,J,',.';; .rm up Ly ropes against the lofty briclc walls of the I3armclcs. '(tllle'n .
- ' * I .
.>, ,, -.,... thc fyiends of .,l\lirz+, Muh;r-mntad..oyie4 out thathis:confejsi~$~of?%.i~~%r: s ; . +- ..
:: his' II+lji, fa i t l ly i i $ttdok:.?f. $&ll<eii, .hi$:clied,?.;I ~9$6'2!::, . . . . ., , , , . .. _ - I
... . . .. , -,&?. .:, :iu my r i ~ ~ ~ , , ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ p e r f c ' c t . ' i ~ ~ ~ s e r v i c e ~ n n d saqri5co.l' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*: l i a..,.!r'.. .'!+ ,'.'! ! -;.:p. :.,... :; . ' . . '.' .. : .,, j. .: '
: . . . ;. .': B&', & ~ l a i i i $ ? ( ( ( , ~ l i ~ ~ :@rt i i&$ i n :P4~gdise.7~~hi:8qa~~$,+.:,;i:-~:~ 3 +i:, ;2-,-; :? ;. . <;i-:. :. :, A'. r, .id -\a+.v'' *' R,.$y;:i&dl~\& f i r i h t t l l & ; ~ a b j <>$liea $]~e'rmok~ilmad j911ed;$i$y~i,, , fie? . .A .2::-:,- ..... 2;r.4. 1,. + q nlil:i+)al : .:T11@ , B ~ L ~ , , : I ~ @ j i sppf inya~~, , . -A, , gvit . : ~ l ~ ~ ? ~ ;$jI:;$.7i& b ; ., .:.. ..... .;:.,. ,.;..: <
itrosi ; Soqje: cried ;"fIo h i 8 gone :up : 1 1 ~ a ~ n . ! ' . 1 ' : : ~ ~ 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ f f i $ ~ r t ! :[i:::-:::b;5i,l~ weru in toryibl@ perturbation. W&q it a trick ? Or & piiflcla?'; ... . .,-..<.. :;<' ::+"?' .:: :.,
.. . . . . ,At any rate, ;it would c ~ s t them theii . &okmissions, perl~ays their .. . . . . . ..... lives.., .They. miid@, se&h, and . jn %.little ' room,.. which opened , .. . .:.;.- 2.. . . . . *.:,
... .., b ~ ~ a i n g l e : dqo*., 0% to tbd p la t~~rm~.~pyef~wl~ iob : the. cond~mned ;;;.!- s:;;;;$;, . : .:i>,<~$,:.$d _i$~~~$~~f$~$$@:x;~ib9~,~~b:i3pf9:II<a ; , - ~ i T ~ e r ~ , ; ~ t h . , & ~ ':l+%.$s;q:t
. . . : , ... .%,_ Bllt, u t!louirt bent on burning, bc a man. . . .-. . . . , .. . . . . ;...-. -: ,:..,i;:.:3:y; ..:: ,c-. - . - . . ..... . . . . ... . ' , .< , 2.. ..>;....,+.,:.. ;;;:-;:; .!-.';.$-.\- ,.>.: : & . - .:;$....>$ ". - .:.-As ithe~&$e~~ti6nk<(E.:~annjdp':~.a6~zG,hinS'~h& sald:&, i 6 OL(&$]$' a ~ l $ ~ ; ; ~ , : ~ ~ k . c I ..L- . . . . . .., - .-'.,. "'. -: _. _.. ' . . . . . . inot, after all;, t h e ~ o ~ $ ~ f . ; ( j ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ? ~ ~ ; l l e & ~ ( j o ~ i ~ 4 n ~ i hpve ' : j; -:y::-~+-;7 . . . . <../. ....... : a h $iQi-e; .:. J&-j.:gPtle:.":i~ht . ;- ji:;&) but :&at. 1 :::- ,, - , .51
. . . : . ;-?" -: . have invited' you totle.:.kuowledge of ~ o d and- bast myself into ..:.;.... ... .I-:.+ :.. ,....
affliction and snffcrilig for vn~ir sake?" (" New Histnrv." 1). 383). - :-, But the c.scct~tiouerx Lad uu tin,e lo \v:lslc i l l l i s t ( ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ : : , l ; ? 1 1 ; 1 1 .
: ,- ....:. ,:",.&. pyrposii 3~ii$e&~~:faa'tb~.i~9$QPieg -... , .&-, ... 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..-fotth:, pf.:'bii -power. and . tbd. :. 7;;. ;:.i._:.+~ ;. ::.,=?.f . . . . . . . ulclling :'bf~-~~~,~~~df~.:l)~bofifiroi.-Li~~:.:se~\~~;nts . . . . . . . . ;$i\d,:Jtb .... o o ~ r d b ~ r h t e ~ : ; ' . ~ $ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ $ ; ~
j - -7 . . ' . . . . :'@, iht~. ~ ~ ~ : ~ ~ 1 j ~ $ ; ~ ~ r ~ . ~ > $ ; . ~ ~ e ~ e ; a & ~ ~ ~ c 9 Q ~ . pWa;foi piss.:save t~&; :~$~$~$~~ ... I- . I. -J
. .?...;.. . - i @ i c h I . . . . . . . ~ i l l ~ ~ . ~ , , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . t ~ . 6 : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ f $ . 1 1 ~ . ~ ~ ~ ~ c ~ ~ ~ I ~ e ~ ~ e e c o n d volley, i t .! ., 5;.:i.T:. .,. . v - .::-- , . + %'-.
.... . . . ~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ . y p s . ~ c ~ ~ s a ' ; b i ~ : ~ o ~ ~ ~ . ~ 1 3 i G i ~ ~ p ~ 1 ' ~ e e s e ~ o n d e d ...... 'and'g?ve effect t6.th6 ...- .?;..;. .....>. ;. " . ..<*; ; ;.-. '.> ,'. . , ' .. -
--,; .;-. t"illl"&f ,:s js; pefr.&cutbrii,; f$~;~e~ib~~itli@,sir?fil!~css and.,,~ebe]liouu. ., ?;;,;:ri$";'?:': ,i-.* ". .* ....... ?.,*&:,-.. I. .. .,.. . . . . . ,hesa /Qf,.tb6:wfclr~d:'&d&idirig :fa. the.. +;se,"'" We will cause .him ."!:.:::'::?.:: ... : ':?
:I :.I;<~L l ~ ' ~ ~ t o ~ i ~ ~ l : ~ ~ t ~ ~ , ~ ~ t , . , h ~ w ~ v e I T ~ I : y ~ ~ ~ ~ r ~ f ~ ~ a ~ . t o think. thati'not ;'&g.,,::: ... . ,':! :- - eypp':a.Bib'ajvill;overr~~les the natnrnl connections of callst: : ~ l d _- . /. ,.- ..
w i l l ' ' b ' e ~ a p t : - ~ . a ~ c e ~ t . tho more prosaic expl;rrii~tit~~~, t l ~ t ..... ;. . ..':'% , -c. . -., -..,. ..,... tl;eli&ldiers pf, tl~e,Mp$am,mn?an regiment, ,who first fil-utl :kt; tllu ,..,.; - . ' '
*../. , . - r:.;;,lj,@k,,i 8~t&. l~j~i$a ' t l~ i$$ witc h i ~ a ~ d ~ ~ o - ~ i r n c d ~ ~ a t . . . . . . . the .qrdq, ;:,.:;.:.;:. :,, ;;.:;$ :'.. '. *- ' . . :- . . . . . . . potrfit the < pki-son;'Lf: t h e ; , ~ i 6 , ~ ~ : ~ ~ ~ ~ t e v + r , . the: ,ix+i&tibn;'tl;e ;':;.: ,<ri;;iz
s.2;;: , - . , . > . . . ._ , .- '.':?*+b $5i$;t$ ls@dght, will a!!t$y~~~en~iin .pne:pf -..:. ......... t h e rnost'~tri1ciling. instances, of .b+,++T8 ..... .-'a . ,.., -,.<:.., I: r.7ty, tlli: tremninJoii$ i l u ~ o ~ i ~ o c ~ , ~ . t l j e . ~ h ~ ~ o r p&'alhnti J tbot & ~i&a...;:;~$~
,s,,i,Jjfb,whe~. . . thp'i9]hieis! , , . . . . . . I btllleti ..,.,% .ba?.:o.t:tl~@cordn y n ' ~ Le. IVY tl~na..: ;s222:, 3 v* .7.:,! * . .. .L. ?+!.. ... -" ;.i: ,:..*.., ,ii.t , ,-.c~. L '
stradgeli . f~l~nsc~l,,,kep~~l~is,~ . . . . pregence!of; mind +ndjri;!~"ini&; th&$:;2i5,$eijii : . . :; ;- t ~ ~ o p g , of, ~ p q e ~ r B ~ . l . d ~ ~ ~ ~ l y : ~ d ' m ~ b ~ ~ & . ~ ~ f f f ~ . ~ ~ ~ i a ~ o r ~~o‘rc$.kjilpg$;$~$ii~$<~;<I
Ilavo been eaved. .The whole popu1ation;ready belikers ~ $ ' i l ; ~ x ~ r ' , $ ~ . s supernatural,~wo~ild have.regarded it as an evident .proof- if hiY.:.:.i;,TG .:,!.:&$;. . ' . . _ , : I' . . diYiilh c~aims;:.3.~o~~i~oldi~@,~;~;.~.aa_~obin~aI!.;~~5~I;:,~l~,~2~&~~$$$$- . . . . '*
; ,di,&ir :j&. fire ~ , , ~ o i ~ ~ h & ~ ; ~ : tJll,ii&;$o~ld ;h9vc~:~~e~'g(t;'4~;i11~iiibkf:$$,E~>~~~ -. ..... . ... -. . . ' j _ ' . -: +.>$';:% , er& insgrrectios nod: id .a .city-of ' t h e impoktence of . ~ & b r j i , :tdz'ii.;.U
seoond capi ta l~@f, the Empire, to iuppress i t would L a y ; %;$i-$$i rjuitc anotl~ei. -affiii than .quelling tlio rising 'in' Zanjan.:'.:.. 0, . - .J . . . ,as~:: , .. .;,~,>,>;,&:..z; ,r ,,
- . . . . . . . .. -: - . dyxiicity. ~ ~ ~ ~ : r e i g u i ~ ~ ~ u ~ d i ~ p e r b n p s . ' h ~ v e . . s ~ ~ c u ~ n ~ ~ ~ ; i n ~ ~ ~ - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r r ' ; ~ ~ ~ ~ i ....... .. 0;. is&: live. Ijeconio: tho:stn& :Pdi$od of Ibot~>f ~ t i l l ~ , i ~ ~ * ~ i ; , : !
. . . - . . . . . . ,% .:'.:' :irenter part of ~ s i a . , ' . - But, uuforttidatclj, the Bsb: ' ~ r t u r e d . : ~ ; ~ ~ ; ~ ? : . . .,,*.: :...#.$ - lie "had been since:: early .morning, with -.11i's mind' dazeil ' b$' tile ,:;i;i;45Sf,2. painfa1 suspension.:on the wall and the iudtle~k fa1l,:lii~ew.::bb~i&3f~~;~: \vI1:,1 1~ w ; ~ s thing nlitl, ~11itIt:1. tIlc unrc!flcctii~g instinct of taltihg ~.cfugc w~llcwl~ers,., al~uost . uncousuiotisly . turned into tlic ~ y e n . - . ~ y ~ ~ . : nuor .of, tile* j&fdllo$& T!leiii:findin&him$ilf . . i n ; ~ ~ ~ u l d e ~ ~ ~ ~ ; ~ 6 ~ ~ ~ % ? I . : ~ i i ..&...... ......... , .. (,y".l:iirS : 110. submissiyelf iesigned himself..$o'tl~~ discovFry. and..deatli;\v11i& /:2+.i'&32z
-. , , . &'..... .. . . , , . . . . . . m ~ s t s o o ~ ~ ~ ~ e r t a ~ ~ o himRb2jl$! :i:;j,;.r. ;:; : ,<,. ,,.,, , ,..,, > :. : *:- . ,+,.,I ;<+$x*.&g! ';:$'$ r' '.'" +:.::
., 8 . -. ,. :*, ::-j$$;;2 I t was o i ' ;~ i1$ .~~; ' :1850, th~t th6 'Bib: &n'i iiecuteh: ' 3'0, t\vb:,; .........
, . . days his: body, \~itb;',-that:.~f . . . . . - 11ii:;faitt;ful: disciple,, /:.~iP~~+dj:tpI;;~g~~&E ' public &v. "-Tlied:tho -Bj;bi*,': Lig.' bribiilg the "sc~~igel~,i~"c'C~err&d~i;;~~~I;;$'
. , .:..- , . - in getting possession -qf . i t . md~ t rans fe r r cd~ it ta. .i: s~riae.:nbar-:.:~.~i.~~., if:: . .; . - . :.-A- .. :r,;~..<<....t;-;
: ; . . Tiheran; xhi c l ; : t h i ~ ~ b Gisddf:iiad &e€&io. @ ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ , . ~ ~ : $ @ , ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ s ~ ~ ~ , ~ , : . . - , ; ~ h a ' d i o f . , ,.__I .of i thLrOiv leligiiiq<+as dknd. and, a c 6 + r d i u g ; . t a ~ < < ~ ~ : ~ ~ ~ - ,?,,
cn]&]iti&n~ bf Bet Pim9. miniiter;: ;Miiz& Talii'!I(lihli, t ~ & m & l ~ ~ $ $ : i ~ profound,-pe~~a.~&li t . b;e,'entililisl~bd nndi, ti&, em$ii$!?b0::&. ,w- :<*$;:: ?..:,-. .,
~nb~,~. trbublkd lrLq tlle::sid& of.. t 1 1 i i : ~ ~ b s t i ~ a t ~ : h c i i ~ ~ : .: ;J&t., this ;:;:+!: , .. +&?2 .g": \$as 'one of "tb6{o-dases tbat &cd&I Something &&a tlIi6: pblitikhl :~~:. ;~+~! ....... expcricnco kit1 sdgabity .; .;.,If , the psimci~niinistcr llad '%alrdn' the .ii. .;i;, .. ..;,)./.
. . , , - . - . ...,d'.'.
wins tq. rtudjc; th~;$abhihi i : 0f::;th8...~~lr. , .-,. A ..4: ., . f$tli;.;l,e, ,,yb~liI hav$,",jg;.;;:i:< li~lt,w!~ tlrat ' t l l < ~ e r ~ i t ; b ~ ' the sect was not bound up:witir' tb:i"'"j:$;!L life of an$i:'individud:;: ;that.: tho 'bffices 'of. ~&b' '&id: .poiat &u- . . . . . , . . .c.. ..:. '
L ~ I I ~ C J , whatever happened to tliu pcrsonv wlio ten;pii&ily:helcl:: -:... . . , .,..:. tilemi:-and ..th%t,tjie ..,siici~ss?~:'to. ,.. - . Ikliizix: . . Ali ',&i~lliqmmnd ... i;m~glit.:j'::..i.".+:!y : :..: . G d . ,
. . -,--:: %lie :Dab;. i~mr~tiuil~at,illioriof t l n t event,: boul apl)ointid:tho next ;&$;? ... . head of tliu -cbGi*uli. .,This wasj b . t i r z i .~a l i~a , sci@,.bf: d';le hf .' :..: ,
. , . . . . . . . . tllo . noble f:tloilies ., . of: J'eGia, lpjn i n Tell~rik in 1830 ; ho w a s @ i;.;;> f . . # .
, .,,,.. ;?' *., ; ' t . f i .- ( . . . . .;6!;:;yocljgi m k of: irellt.mo'clcsti, :p!ictjr and Pourtcsy; i~ Gne: Pors$~n ,; .:. . ,i- _ - (:, , .
A ",,,4.,:,2 P : - ' scholir,~6spbiiillj fond o f .,~II?, pperus~$f.:~l~@ystics.': wit)'- $8 j \ i , , ; , : ... . I . .-,. ? ,
toolr a special inter& ie:the., youth,, still. .in his . teens, filling . : . .:,;. I. . ::. I
liim. with- the mill' "<he'~&of .tli~"'soVorr nlf,ercth &t." A t the ,.;:.; .-:.;; . . t i ine of t4e : sie& ok t@ forgl~~sz'kf i;:fj~$~lch. ~nbdrs i , the young . .:< : . ... . :.i .
. . - - .?+. ~~b'11-i- ~ 2 ~ 4 1 : (tlk! ~ ~ i ~ i & : " ~ f ; ' . ~ ~ & . ~ i ~ ~ > ~ ' ; ~ , ~ , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i - & ~ l (Ilis . ' :.l? ......
. .
TToliness the Ekrnal). I-To nlso sent him his Dkrsonal effects a ~ t l L11c lloly rings iiccortli~~g tu tllc ~ I ~ I I I I I , C I * O ~ hlie U~lity (19). , SIIIJI-
. . , :: . ;i7Ezel a,...;:;i..: . . . . ...- ........ -, -~~~l!e.,is..~s~~allp..,cal,1ed,~~t~~pc~~~olr;pp..th~~~upcrin ,, :'.; :. . .- .... tendence . . , ,.,-:.:;F.; -,..-:; :q ! 1: . . . ~ f ' ~ t l l e : : ~ a l i ' ~ . . . . ~]lu~ch.':~{S<~ki+~~~~i~~&c~{:o'f: . . . . . . . 'i.;e<irehlent, ' wh;&' li& "7:":f;r. :
, - tioiiiof tl ie':~bkrl~titip, .t l~~i ;hj6te1-$.ud&e~t~tk,c &&nu1 ~&ence.'!:'-:3; . ~ ~ B i a n ~ - the~~rced; , led - - !' of ... the _, young cbnfcctioricr's .rvisiloni, they ..' , . :-I.,:.. . ;
:>, . . . ; 4: 2 $khl~ i+ l , . : 6: Brew3 sugar-.caneg: of, 'affection?:-l'::'!~is, .mnllting mas . . . : .- y ;. .. ,. .;: . . . . . . . : : .." ......- ... . tlr&~lo~$..df.>G;dd~:n~i~~.]bbkin~ t h e : ; ; i ~ f l u ~ c e ~ . if ;;~;od,, hie-.8ilence.. , ;.;-;;f;& 1..
wisdom, and by his sweet. smile 110 introduced .a new joy into tlic ..... ...... ; ...?
very Essence of ,Heavenly Bliss." N e i t a blind seer ant1 n~jstic,
. .,;l$!: . . 8 i g ~ ~ . ' a ~ i , l ~ ~ n d e ~ ~ ~ ~ l ~ t e F c d , : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ p i f ~ s t ~ ~ ~ . h i ~ ~ e l f f ~ . ~ ~ ' ~ f le .claimed:'. :.;::,<'.:;:;.i. ._:. , , . . . . . . . ..I"
: . . . . :+ to: b6j:i ~,;;~l,,,d,~f 't~ti:~ma~::~;s~ji;t$dddaa~a~te~Of:, tb~.t,v;mist~r'~~:;l;Qi: .:&;.,,..,:::;,.:-.. - . . . . . . . .I '.. - . :p . : - - i ; : i ; . ( t l~~,~$~~ud !...i::d.-:::,.,.o - - Su~]?~i i~zol) , ;a$. , tlht .,... .....-.. ;l~isj:iodb&d; i . . . . was .p~ovad~. by,;.:.+j::;:, ...... I:.-:,.j\
1 . . . .,, rf tlle,p&a'te.t o t ! ~ ] l : e i & ~ ~ ~ ; , @ wit,~v~~ses~~p6ilt~~&oUs1~ atterod.!',L$~$:;~f;~j I " , . /
':.Jenali-i-Aziin also'inade. thql~&~tj ;~lai in; kut,l~esitat&l to put it tij! ~,; ;~~.- ' '~ '~m . - .. '.'..I. , . . . . . . .*r .+. .-.- : I-.:; ..;.;: t l k tisf of iluprovisi~ig verses, d ~ i ~ l ' ; t h e r ~ v ~ s " i n u c ~ kenrt&rn~n~:: , , . : -2 gr.1; ;:-.I,.?* ,:.; :,,; . . . . . . . . . . . . . $<i">h;W ~vrUnGl~u~.d~i6~g~t1~~~foU~wer~~ of. !'?+.:.i;$t .Pnb~i.;;.i$ Pn'r$i..i'''i'ih%-.:.. ::.,?,v: ,,, ; d ,
, < , i , ,' . <'!, . v ' ;.;:;YUty-@& :., .;a ,, a ~ ~ ~ . ~ $ , ~ , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ d ' j : ~ 1 . ~ d ~ s o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i J " e ~ t Q t i o ~ s ~ . i . ~ £ , ; l : t h ~ . . a .... :? . . . . . _ : . I . q.'.i .,. . ..).. ~ 0 ~ l l e ~ ~ ~ ? , ' ~ : s p ~ i F ~ ~ ; ~ ? & $ # $ . . . . .
. . : : , ; 1 " ~ ~ i s I : : I ~ I ~ s I I ~ ill 511:111j:i11 :i11(1 ?:iri%. I I I I I ~ ~ Y ~ ~ S , i f 11ot ~ ~ ~ o I I s ~ I ~ I ~ ~ , .. ,.
were n~assncrcd. ';The bitter feeling of the ilij~istice . of the . g a ~ w ~ y @ : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ; ~.+.C ,.r, !,w..L;; ernmint, that. hiid :.o cruelly ~ersecuted thelo and. m&rde~ed~;t~~;9&r'f.icG2,;
f ~ u n d c r s f . the~:~chuich,.'waxed too. strong. to , bb: restmihed, froru-;$.;;;:~'r: ..:. . .,t,;::, .:? ,,.* .&.,,.,.? ovcrt acts; st l i t :liy iuch: a' wcilr hand as - thai. oof . tlie ' ' y o ~ t ~ ~ . : : ~ ~ ~ < $ ~ ~ubl l - i -~ze l . Seven of the Babis, burning with a sense of .. .tbfhir<;?;:ij?:;: . . ,,*..*..a :..
. ..:::: ;; wrongs,. determined to have revenge and to p u n i s l ~ ~ , b i r n i . ~ b ~ ~ ~ ; ~ ~ ; T : ~ ~ ~ . ~ . ~ ...c?:,r.., ,z;,3y.~...'
they regnrdkd as Gost responsible for i t - the Sliah l$<self. j-:~;;I~F;j;~;;i] Four withd l o w from t11~ conspiinoy when i t cime ;to t ~ q . ~ P ? i ? ~ ; , . o f ; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ; ~ $ ~ , 5
- . . , exec&n.; bht; Mullall ::Fatbu']lab; Spdi!i:i ~ f , . ~ ~ f i j q & ' ~ ~ *4.$%$$.Cr$- , , &:;. .-, .tr-ib:,:.. .$ . . &{llhsmma&;: 6f Nil?iz, dbtermincd to p u t ; r j n end' b'j&e;;&iG~ifL,
. . . . . ~. &.-,?,: $..,.: 2 ' Y . Y
. . 'Eloperor'e . . life. :Disguised:as laborers, they approached. tl!a ~ h ~ ~ ~ . i - - . ~ : ~ ~ . ~ : . ' ~ : $ , , . ., . . , . ;~ ,~, . : ; :x5;6~~ ' o n ~ . . ' ~ u t u ~ s : c t i j in118.52, as, lie. ivas riding out, to the ,~hpse.frorn:,-$~+;;::~:,. . - . _ . . ". . . .: -. . . - c-- ..;.u *;-% his: cawntiy resi~enco;.ai~d on'. dcco:u'nt: of, t l ~ c ~ d ~ s t . ~ & - ~ s ~ ~ e r y b a ~ : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ & < ~ , . ~
sepirated from. his retinue. ;;,Pretending to offer' a'-petition,.they;~.:~i<.:~;$:;~~ +,'r:..;:;:,. ..
another: pulled the:Bk&l,,,froln .his .horse t;d i,he..gi&~d, iliten&og;&$&$<'. '111 cut liis , I . tJ~~pqt...!iBut, . before the conspir:ltor~ could effect tliei!L-,c-;: pul.poscb, nssistance calllo to the Sllall and th6 two nssjssins who 'q:,'' . -: survivetl wero soizetl. They boldly ducln.er\, when questioned,: +,>,- ,*.. ;:
., . - . p . . . , ' . . ~ ; t l i ~ : ~ o r e ; , @ h i i i i ; : a 1 ! d -.. .. 'ljnd 'brde .. . ,_. th9;att~r+$t$tb.' ., _ . _ .. : ... I . . i).~b+ge;~t~o;:~~;:::;$r,~ ... - ., ....: ... ;.,. . ! r., .F;;&-..- ;:,;: , _ .-. .:;.-;.:=; - : bl&l 'Qf;.t]j~ii:~~~ster~~j;:~~,.'i~~~:~,';~7:~~j~!~j.~. .T.;;L :<. ,':,i+ ,* .,, .v, ?.+, &+," ;,..;:.;. .! :i:. ~ ; , : 2 ~ + e , : t , A ~ z ~ < ~ .. . . . . .. , t.
a . . ~ d "his .fGi,\ist&:.'to the' ut,I*osb, : l i : . i ~ b $ . $ ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ l j t]~&j~l~:?if;j$$qk- ."& 1 . . . . . .
. . scl."es. th&, . . , .. L L ~ I I O U ~ I ) , . . . ; thklwc/~ted-. me..:i~.~i~re&f t h 6 ~ : ' ~ r . d . P n e ? ~ : ~ ~ $ ~ 7 ' .--.? -.. ..; ?
-::, L:.? ;#%'.I:::.-a ,.; ; . , . , - ~~hnt : . t l !~~ ; l ~ b ~ : . d o n ~ ' ~ , ~ f ., ., _ ... . ~ ~ ~ i r ~ ~ ~ ~ , ~ t h o u ~ ~ t , , a n ~ i ~ ~ o t i o r i ~ ~ , i t . ~ ~ . . . .... . . , ... ::;$%.:,r;ii >:.<e?$z2 , ; . - ' ;:. - . 5.:. ,, . :;:si . . sigh . ' b t ; . , . . . i .:,urid$ip&d: , $ :....i: &eaffd&tidn ~. phnd, , :~diapi~cy, ~f.{;t~eL~~~~;;~iiTi2i;;~ . . ~ h \ i ~ h . . ~ l i ~ l r : ~ 6 b ~ l d ; : ~E!~.clie~lced -only: bi.4 c ~ l o e n ~ u n t ~ ; ~ ~ v ~ n g e ~ : ~ $ $ $ ; $ $
aulculated to' etri1c.i. terror illto the lioaits -of. all., , Every 13abtc ; : '?~~?: i ' i ... ,- ..a. :...- 4
leadop w110 co~ld.-be'~eizetl wag prrestcd, even tl~ougll for mouth!$.?L-&' : ...,.,,?. " 4 ~ $ ! ~ k , t $ + ..*. .. ' 4 ' ..i.: ... .. .
or years he or she had been in cdnfinement (as had the prophet- . ess, "Consolation of Eyes".). Some of these, especially those ,
.... who 11ad influential.,frien&;;kue&ded-;io -t ,... . . . . r ooqvincing. the govern- . .. . ' :; Nbht if their'intoq6w.G of .'thG c ~ ~ < p i & ~ . ,, But' twenty-eight of . . . . . . . .
the,+.lederti were dbomcd-. to executioo: .:.To divert exclusive responsibility for tbese. executions' fro~lr the court, the ministry . .'
and the ordinary administrators of tbe law, the astute but llorri- blb plan was form$ of: compel!ing- [email protected]. .of.. every:clw ?,.; .; . . . . . . . .
. . . in the capital, from the princ*e's-add secre't';rries. of state <low; to . . . ;-:
. .-? ?: tho mercllants, professors and common people; to torture. and ' : .. : ... execute the victim.appoi~ted to their respective class. Severill vic- : " . . . .
tims were hacked in pieces with knives; one was blown fro111 the I I ~ O I I ~ . I I 4 b f i c ~ I I I I , :~ftcl. 11is (:yes ha(\ lir*t been pl~~ol(c:ol i l l 1 1 : : I ; J ~ , I ~ I * .. was stoued to death ; another had irou nails drivo11 illto his I'cct
:-:: and head.,:;: ~ u l l a h Fathu'lM; tli.aon. ti£ .,the-.one who fired the .. 3; . , . .
. ',: shot at t b ~ Shah, .Lad holes cut into :his.. body into which. lighted '-;;. .$, . . . "os&dles.- were: inserted, and. thexi, after :this kind of torture llad .?::.:$r;.<-+
gone on for a tirne, ho was haclced in pieces with lrnives. Suley-. man Khan and .ICasirp of, Niriz, twq, of the .mosi; distinguished . - .:' .. 13abis, first had lighted candles inserted in deep cuts niade in .'' .-": -'
their bodies for.the purpose, and ..thus. were paraded through the ::::: : :. . . . .. - . . .
, , ,. ' . :., . . . . streets 'to tlie s ~ u n d i o f ; w i n ~ t ~ ~ l ~ y ~ ~ ~ , - G 1 ~ ~ n g iron shoes were next :.. . - );;;,;.: :,,,.".,. . ., . .
tyrdorn for their' .Masteris--cause. ' .'Suliy;ilao Khan, tho Dab's " ,.:'. , foriner sctibe, even,sang ,and ~ecited:verscs of: poetry. l\'l~y (lo
... .,+ . :.;;,yoU not'dinco,-l,~~.~~~~.his;e~ecutiouere . , ~,aclringly, a siuce you find . ;.,;:;
death so plekant? " 61 Dance ! " cried the 13;rl)i mnl-tyr. " YPS in one baud the wine-cup, in one haq(l the trcsses nf tllc l;ri~:~l~l.--
- . such a dancc in the rnidst of tlrc marltet placc ;,. 1 1 1 ~ clcsil.e.'' , , \ . . .. ..3:=:i.: L~t,,,bu~..not,.le~st,among tbe:.yictims of this duvilish yen- : . .,,. .,?a-
. - . . : , t p ! g h d .: ac~rjinplisl~ed Kurratu'lyAyb,: the t ,. ; *-; ?:. ,, ..- . . ........ . . . . . . ..,- . . . . a,?.: .; : , . r ; i j~ ; ;~pr~PL~tw~2 ; ~ . ' ~ ~ ~ ~ p l ~ t i o ~ ~ , : o f :~Ejes.!?~~j, ~ t h c - p ~ e c e d i o ~ tyo or +;_,,-..%
..,.. . . , ~ : : r ~ t l ~ r ~ o ye&ars sh~~,hild;.;4&n k ~ $ ( . i " . ~ ~ i i 6 i . j-,,tb$.: louse oG,Mah&u& ZT&$~ .. . . . . I . . . . .- -, , .f;
. ~.l(h&i,.the ~ a h n t a i &. ..Teheiri$. Likeieiery one else who came .,' . : y .- '..1?%i~1:@ontact with; tlusilmpst .&iptiv~tin$:.~vowi$<, the lialintar . rvae :Ii ,-.;!;
, *?:L :. *.,... I .: ,;:. ?. . . . . . . a,; f~~i~at~j;,ky]liilv'&$,.&teLded~~~: . . - ..:- .. . . . ... ~~$~ej&g;,.faior-. add: hamfort;-::- -.,.CAI ' ::?.- * . . . . . . . . . ........?* ., " T I . . j . ~ @ ~ ~ l s t ~ ~ ~ . . . . . ?ith ;tli~~,rl&~h+~~g:.Qf;hii,d$t3;~j~:1Taiiili~. b e & ' c l o s e l y . ~ ~ ~ . ~ i ~ ~ .. ;:.*J.* 'confined ' f d i so long"a "timb;'it'kai. plii" tllnt " Consolation of ' :";::"r;,:,
Eyes " could. have had no hand in the conspiracy. But, as she . :b . . I . ' . - : '. , , .. ,.- . : .-
. u 4-i :c$~!@$~ ,. .+? -
* . . . ;, , F::+*:;&$f$:. .... . . 7 .
. . ,. :. ;i; - rA.:.:&?s;;<;A~ 2% . ..- -: ,:., !:$;?.,%.:.;-%$$ 74 2 Ba6ism and the Bob., [December;':-~;.;~;;$;~
, .. . . ,,&P.i,+I<.;'' . . . ,. , 7.: . -. .. mas tllo idol of the Babis and an ilnnlense source of etrength:'t&,,:. k.~.&,~- . .+.e,7:~- ..*.
..,-..,Ti;" . their cause, it was determined .to remove lrer for good oxid dl,L:;Gk;i:l; unless shc wou1d:recant.. :,: If she would but nbjurc h e r faitl~;~sl+x$$$f$ might be releasedat onc&,,si~e was: nssiied; But' her nbb1&!~'~pirit $; . .L;, . -~ .~a *;2,4~'.:;
scorned such. cowardice and disloyalty. She was ready f~ r '~~a r - : :~ :~ ; ; ' $~ .< tyrdom and g l d t o seal her faith wit11 be3 blood. As. nit,h;+,l& .. .'~'..k;.".' I>..;!., .-+ -:..... r .*.. . .+ - others, her death was mnde as painfnl and lingering as the idgc;:y)r:2;;<,$:; nuity of. ber .cro~l~erecutionen c&~lld devise;but she met-,it:$t&?~~&~~~$ what ono who witnessed it was conlpelled to call " a ' superli"h;h,~;~ j;:~;;~?. fortitude." , - . . .. "$..* . ;,,;-.!?."
. .. , ,.:.:..:>-.-z "' &.. '
The Shah and his ministers expected by these horrible punishi..: *"..:'&.,,.G , ,:\=.:; rnenta to st)-iltc such terror into the Babis as to put an end, from .. :,-:;+?:. . n:
: ' 1 1 I.;.:,. to tl~c: :lcc:u~.~ctl Ilcrcsv. h t tl~cg 11:~tl ovcrsllot the -.
nrsrli. T l ~ u lieroism of tllc rn:~rtyrs nrade a deeper i ~ l ~ r e ; , s j o n , ; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ + ~ ~ , ~ . . ..,. y.:. **j- than:' the . severities of .. the; iovernment. ,Not 'an . apostate.: yag;+$IIF:5.;ri
. ...,, : : ' .... *... , - found. . .Even ,f cir-,executiouers were imbued. with m + i ~ t i i i ! , < ~ ~ ~ ~ i i h : . . ..( ..,.,.! :. .,.- .... s
for the &iurage:and.d~votion:of t h e ~ a b i s . : :,The. publie :cirjq?jty;.$:$@i{E to lalow more abdut these doctrines, and the popular expectsticj~ ;;.<.+!.!-.!??;:s, .: . ': '.'+:.e ,::.? ,4 .$
of a grcat career:in :the future for. a religion. which\ c~uld:; .com~~g;:<~,~;~;~:~~ nnnd such astonishing consecration and self-sacrifice mere 'raisiseil':: -... i';:.'f<+-j.,:.-' .....$.+:k.,~ to an extraordinay pitch. As Gobineau says - l: T h a t one'~a$~:~;$,ji;$~;~. gavc the Bab mor? ~ecret:.partisdns thin all hi~:':~ieachings .C~&I;.~?~?'$&.
<. -., ,& .:: $ ..7:. have ' Sbon, in 'the $iOyince of Niriz,,.tl~ere~wns d-fie$r'$;;: ...& :;<.I
....'..;yy.. - rising. . Tlre gcvcrnpr was ' killed, nnd only after some ti&'? ::&N .. . . .,.. .; .2:sm :: .? :;?;:;:I :.I .,,:&
.the iiisurrectioi: put down. ::Again- the, iccarnpinie~<::~;~i<~;i~ its v i c to~y .~ r i t l~ .&oirible but iqeffoctual crneltiei, visited "p.pq tl+~;i,~~~;;:?-.i'%
.,-< - A:'',:. .;. heads of the v~nquislied women and chilclren as ~vell as mcnI :<;<:::,;;,,:i:s-'"-.~ . . .-. .. , :,.? After a . time, . - .... however; there came .a. lull. ..'Tile Babi..leaderg.l;+i,;:,,;::+ ;:! - ; '';j;.? 8 ,
adopted' a new - tli.~:,: pblicy o f , coniedm&t _an~;$~<K$j~;;,-:i;,.d - ,. *;+ -.....,. t;" y ,-.. s 1~t~p;1g:111ilism, avoicliug all 'open conflicts with the governmcut.. , c+p.y. .
. . . - ,* ..,<;;*, .. x : .-we It wns 11ni1er'-.thi:direction of a new leader, Miria Ilusep.AIli .;.<+<i:?'; ciillcil Uclin'u'llah, a l~nlf brother of Subli-i-Lzcl (tho successor of . .-...' .' the.Bnb).,that this't~olr~place. : Subh-i-Ezel, to savc:: his -life, dis~.:r;~;.:~C,;?:'~ ,: ...< u ,2 J;;.<;
, girised' llirnspIf ;aid: flbd,::J$d .,fo~,..& ;long time -iekiibe&.$iddcn;,: , .. . ... .. . , . .+ s i : .: ~r~ .~ . : ; !-.A& i.::,.,J :,: W~iei?, at: ~pngt~l , 110.: ventured to: leappe;lr,,;it ..,yas.. a ~ r ~ s s ; : tile;::;:!: .; :iii.j$: frdntier, in .'Turliisll tcrsito,ry. ..;. :. s . : B & w ~ . . mordof 'a ;$cliolor.?~ld;;i:: Y$?$Q:~
' r a devotee than a mpll of:.affairsi the interesti of :tllb ~ ? b . i ;chufcllf<l.ir , , , :::;'?;5 : .. ,.; -?
, . W ~ O ylainly..bcginnigg. to snff t . r. : Too tnany n~.ol ;~immts:o~.: ; . ; , ; - ; l~$ "the hends~li~,~-,.new . . . , , - . . 'incaruations . . . . .pf i (io+hF?d, [w<ii::illowed:< tn~+52~:.,1.F< ... ., ,.!?. .:,p.i.~
manifest- tlaqeel,+eyes: a~idiidiitiict:.: t l i ~ church.>.. ;~lr,ii: ~ 8 b i s : j.~er!;;-;~;;$;>j;;; allowcd to take ly b too irrecoircilable attitude torards'tL8Pe~;: :;;!;%>:;+ sian anthorities. . . . . ,. ;.: . , -.
Beha'u'llal~, thirteen yeare older than his brotbcr, and n inan of more resolute spirit and executive ability, to whom olucli of tlla administrative..,work thg,,cburch had been already intrusted, , .
bccime ao.~vi&ed:th~t :~ i ;b~- i -~ze l &%not equal to the -situation. .; - . . '-
A community of ieligious, enthusiasts; gvolytiqnsries, visionaries - .,. . 7 :
and speculative mystics (for 'of. such material the Babi cllurch .
was in great measure composed) needed a firmer hand than liis gcqtlc and con@npla~jve lralf-brotber:could~supply. For a whilt: , ., ..... the 'piactical and de tehined . Beha'&'llah..maoaged thiugs in his' ' ' , :+.:.
.' brother's name. But ..at 'length ho concluded that he- might as . .
well have the official position as. bo tho unrevcred power behind tlio tlirooue. I t was not a difficult thing to do. He had but t o ' '
~ ) r ~ ( > l : ~ i ~ n Iii~i~s~?lf as flip rcnl Point of Rcvclntin~j. tlic lon:_r cr- 1)el;Lctl Ullc ivlio was to : i p i ~ . : ! ~ - ~ \vhose grentcr g ! , ~ 1 . y ;I 110 '1.11. :
c . :Ijr:>Divinity in the. time ,to come the Dab had at first propheiied. As , .
- . c . ... ' - .all::the S-bis.. agi&q,:.the, eign ,, of Hi~:&hbm :.,God shall mani- ' . !. . , . '~:'f~~t,'.',~wLo~Pi.as to:,pirfect,and., com$leta the-~abi.religion, w;ls the . . . . . ,. ., . . :revelation of verses. This was a very easy miracle, and so in the . . . . . . .
. . year 1866 or 1867,. a t . Adrianople, whither tlie Bnbi exiles liatl .
.. been removed. becjuse.of tho strife and .disorders they had croated .. I : .
while a t Baghdad, Beha'u'llah f L revealed ''; eund~y signs iu elo- . ' ' ..
.. , quest Arabic w d Per+: wllereiq .kc fiummqued all tlle Babis.to . !:.,, 2,;.
- of Revelation,. to whom. Jl tho verses' and prophecies of tlio Bab . ,,
:,: : lad poistcd; :dnd the Bnb ~ a i , ~ o .logger 'to. be: looked upon as a ..... 'veritable manifestation of . the 'Divine.,.but- as a .mere precursor of
.vered'bi their riuthoritstii8' tebchiir 'ind:,,iic?aination of hczvenly I . - . . . . . . . . .'
... wisdom.-and .virtue, was to be branded as the " First I d c l t o r 01
Denial " of t l ~ c Ncw, Dispe~lsation. . . . . . .
. . . . ...... ...,- : . .T~ig;pr~cla,mati~n shoolc the,Babi church to its cci i t rc :LIIII the
% , '.--:. .. ,. . . . . .... I .,!,.,:, - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i t i e s , ; ; . ~ ~ ~ ~ j , r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n d ~ ~ , , : b $ . ~ t L e :. . . . . . ; ...... ;xnqsti,.bitter of schisms. - . . . . . .. : .... z,~, . . . . . .:. . . , :The imajority,'of-, tho'. ~ ~ b i ~ ; ~ ~ ~ e s ~ ~ c / i l ~ ~ ~ t f i ~ ~ ~ ~ o u n ~ e ; accepted. Be- ; .:,<; . . . . ,; .'>,Zi. 8 .;. -, ........ . *' ,,. . 3 : . . '..*' ..... ;. , .; - : , , ~ ; ~ , ~ , , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ l ( ~ h ~ , t l i p i r ~ . ~ r ~ t ~ r ~ ~ ~ ~ . ~ ~ ~ F p l d P ~ l e ~ d e i ~ ~ ~ ~ m h ~ l ~ a d bgqj:per;=;:<;!. 1.: .* . . . . . ,.y;;<v4.
. . .-':;y...'.ipi$d .fi-,ie&ls i f the,B;rb aiid hid.e*p9+g' tbeir' lives in LiQ'lehalf, ;::' ...: .. I. ?.,
. . : .-. ~ . < i ; ; ; ~ ~ . ~ ~ ~ j ~ o ~ e , ~ o n e , . & . they .&opped.&lsay; yic$iy:of ;the-uuscrupulo~~s~~- +.:.., I,. -.. ~ . L ' . ~ . r . . . . .. -'x..... .. . . . v i i l e ~ c c b t ; t ~ c i r ~ ~ ~ i i v a l s ~ ~ . : . T ~ v o : ; . o ' f * i t ~ e i ~ ~ t t c ~ ~ ~ , o f : .4beLiving,. tlie :,rgi+ . . . . . . . . . . . . .*-. . ... . ... -::;.or!ginaf .apostlei,ywer~: bs~si'@$t~fl,:6i+:$t:~ibriz, tlie ,other at ..::".:ifr;: .> .
.... Rerbels. .At. Adrianople andl Acre half. a 'dozcn more of the . "
elder leaders, who ntood by Ezel, Were ntabbed or poisoned by the : :;.';;$, . . . . : ... followers of Beha. From sixteen to. twenty of the older
..,-. ?&.' 4": , rverc, thus .reoro,red;: .mid.-it . . . . . . . .i~;:charg9d~~id;the-e-111asht-~i~ht~3tha($~~~&~ . . . . . . . . Belia'u'lhh ivcn;:. bade.: an: :attempt (which . . m l s c a r r i e d - ~ n l ~ ~ ~ i b ~ ; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ + ~ ~ ~ . . . : L : L . I '
accident) to poison his halfibrother. : .As on incarnation .of ;,the :,.k?;-9::d+-A;
Supreme, had lie not an ..entire; right. to do.ahatever he judged "$:: -33 . Lest to establish the true religion on tlie esrtlr ? Wbat is,the..,. :.;---,;.,
mortal life or human morality *hen the'8lrniglity ~*,vgiver,.in&i.::;;$iiz Revtaler of trt1th.i~ present-iu the flesh ant1 rebelliods rnortd$.+k'f?" , . , ;-;-.;; !.? :>,:? . oppose Lirn ? Somcthing of this sort seems to hnvo bceri tha;:.!~; :I?: reasoning of " tlie Most Holy and Splendid Dawn, tlie Sugrerne '?.::'. '' . . I . . , . . . . I . " I L was not proved that 11c urtli.rtrtl tllc! nss:~ssinntions ; but be was evitlently gr,atified by their occurrence pud said y t , , , :,,:r?F::c
At- a;$% ratb;:;if- tllk'end .justifies the means, the: m e ~ ~ ; o : r n ~ ~ ~ - ..,. tG :, :..G:~G<?<': ....;r22jf;f;iii2
apprpf9d: bjr;.fi+jic tory ichieigd&: he ksassinations wag' <:rp~;;i'7SW~~& oess. The weak Subh-i-Ezel was deserted. The great ini;j~rityii,.;::,;j;~:j
<.< .......... joincdBchaJs party. , T11e Turkish government, to put a stop,, tqi;5;$gj,F$ the ' mratigling and disorders, exiled Subh-i-Ezel to li'amagustd $;; :.k+>,:
. "i'..-< ;.. in Cyprus, .where he: still lives .in obscurity. neha was scrit:io?o-.$!;zy:?!i:: . -:.. . +.
~ c r 6 , . vherii : h ~ ~ . pba~efu l l~ . pas!cd . 'qyny i n 1892. . ~ , e f 6 i e - ? : l i i i i : l . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i ? .. ....-. . . . .5-@ Z,W. - &,:$
: 'death., he. h d . ..:worked' :n mo~nentiius . . . .rev01 ution iu':Babism: . . . & & ~ & ~ c - + ~ ~ : : . - -. hi.. C :;.. soon as he.;& established :in his nutl~ority, lie began t o e ~ c r o i ~ , . , ~ : ; ~ : ~ ; ~ ~ ~ , ; tlic. privil6ge..,vhich d l . the 13abis;. recognized.- as .belonging'@,\tllo..:.. ... ..lr,y- , . >:.!,&; >. -: . r . , i- . ,
-:I..,..:< - .." :,: ;;'-z.;..,;; final. point, of Revelation;. to nbrogato, clianga,.d~velo~ +btl:ieper: ..-,- ::-*, -,.,_,..:.... .. scde the' earlier revelations. .. He'discdiraged the visionarj spe&G'~.::.s-~~.*.- ..<*,:.I ........ Iations of his: followcrai: mpde. . the . religion. more.'rnoral . . and lksF:- ,b,,,...2d :';.;:,.?:;i -:
.... :..: .:; .?$: metaph~ i i ca l~u lr l~ j~~ l i ihed . miny uselesg: ..-. id ..impTRGtioF!~f$g~;~, .-.-.L-,$~.$ ,>, ? . G &. w..::.:t-a-., lotions ; cspccinlly he d id . . e~e l .~ th in~ he coulil to cokiiliiitb th6. .:(.,
Y;'., tornporal autlorities,.'even.-the Shah of Persia, whom tl1.e oldev ........
1:irLis wcrc accusto~ned to curse as tlie Nero of their faith. B e .,.: lieving . . , - -, ,t&atr$ho>;ncw.faith. . . . . . . , . . . . . . could;: gr;l.uvp..letter. by-ilssiinilatilig; tllo_*!.-5::>;c;:-;
.. .: .. ~le&&fits;$readj;e~tr~figed .fiso& tlib: ~ r t ~ l ~ d o x ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ l ~ i 1 r 9 ~ ~ ~ - ' ~ ' : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . . . . . . ... ;,..I.-,..
J e ~ ~ n $ , Z o l o o s t r i a ' n s . . ~ ~ n ~ ~ h o r t ; he tried ... t r $ m a l t ~ ~ a b i s m : ~ c ~ ~ ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . -' :'-',:;: .'... +:.? . .*,: ... .... ..k.Y- ;:.:
forth inbrcibf. +u~iy&-~iil:;spste~; yitable,b. to; all.*:~nblcind;: imnolrind;l,Tl~e:,..~;.;:~~~ ..*: ' :. , .. , :! ,.,b, ;::;, ,':bi-olde+!~abi icdptur~i~an~: .bpi~t les ,~ ....... it4 their nigqilop~~&t'iliap;;;~;.;;TI'31q .,, . . eodias,, '£6~~<~$stikiar$.',0nd;;. wild: visions ' ~ ( f t h ~ ' : : r ' q t ~ l ~ ~ :;df tqq;i.T.-Kci?;..?' . , ..I
;: Itnam-Mal'iili andthk'karvdi of tho ncw age, he alloivkd to fdk" '- .;:,!.!
illto innocuous desuetude. . . . The earlier history of tho origin, . . and , c . . 7 . . . . : ' 1. -.g:y:" ..,,, , . .!. ;;;, $iF!. ,
doctrihes were profuscly glori86d, aud every expression of detes-. , tation of tlie Shah'which 'mibht iuterferc with Bclia'e new policy
. ' . . . . . . . . of. conciliating:-the-; goviir~mept- . . . . . as ,e l imimted .{ ; i .~~e ..effort to :;,, , . -;:;, ~netamorphose::thu$: radically the whole .&cord a£ Bibism fortti- . . . . . . . liately failed tliroagh the. fact that: maoy o f ~ t b e errlgdocun~ents; liad , previously. into: European hands ; but the effort to . , - '
establish pacific relations with the Persinn governlnent proved si!(:c!essful, :in(I f o r t 1 1 i 1 . t ~ ytsars the lhl,is I ! ; I Y ~ ~ I t a . , . 1 ~ fl.#.t: i1~~b111 public yel.secution ; Ly a secrel rropagiinda they h;~vr: so +lit~,ctl
;'.their: . doctrines' . t h a t their'-numbere, . . :?re. now ....... estimated? at half a ..: ..:. .. ,. . . . . . . .: . . . . . . . . a millio& 6;. ....... r. ' .> ...; !.. .;.a :". . .:.-..-, . : . . . . ... . .
. . . . ? ' J . . . . . . . . . .
- . * . , . .
I: ' . L:.;We' . . $&+:.briefly consider! thwh'&bi: likratuh; ' :,The. w r i t . . ;:. -.::;; ings of the n a b are extremely voluminous; one of his followers claimed that he wrote not less than a .million, verses. In general
'
. . . : ' they are cilled the Beybn, or Exposition, althblugh in a niorc spe-' ': '.
cia1 sensc this term is applied only to such. compositions as havo - .
o n . tlle 'sura o f Joseph; tho ismil ill ah' Andithe Wa'l-asr, and s '
: 1arger.Commentary;on the-lcuran ; 'the Book of .Recompense, the - . ' .., . . . .
.. 5 . ,Bo~k.~iif;.,Narnas,: the.:Book of Figui.es. and :;+.,large number of: . . : . 1 ., 1 .. Praiers, ~ u ~ p l i c a t i o ~ ~ and miscellaneous'~&~itings. Subh-i-Ezel .,. . _:
wroto 'LThe .Book of Light ",and many other works. hli*, E. G. .' . , ' . . . . . . - : ,;.: . . . . . . Brorn~e,;~,y[!6: ha$:+adel:a.: el$., tl$rbqgl\ _._, . . :study ,of.:,tliese books ,, :
tliui any other Eiwopean, sais they contain " ii6ble':idenls, 'sal)tlt? metaphysical conceptions, and splendid though ill-definccl nspira- tioiis. . . . But they arc so lost in tracltless mazcv of rl~;~l)sody
>, . . !; , . , '' . . and mysticism, so weiglred:down., by trivial .injunctions and im- , . ., ,. :... ..... . . . & .t- 2 ... ... praoticable' .... oidipaqcq] ) . . th'at ; n ~ ~ ~ ~ s u a ~ : - ~ r e ~ d ~ e ~ ~ ' c ~ r i ~ ~ . ..... Lope to; fiid:. . . :; .. j';;::
, : ,.:;.. of; ~ o d : tllerq'ii -no otller-. . - God.:.: Biom: Hi&'all>e+iteiccs. ern&: ' ..'-:&L$::
- " . '.'::nita.i:bit:they ..... & t f e t d i m i n u t i d ~ ~ d . , iinperf&ion . ili- . so doing;; . . . . . . . . 1.: ?)!<::. . . < . , I , . . " P . . ' . . ...... -
a ' * . ~~.bhe.'~prl$~emaua~eq~f~~~~di~iqityl~.~JT, tl$ &~tio$'o£..sei&"~t~i;..1':i :,.3$zr .. 7; ......... ., . . . . a ..- - ,-..,.& s :<" ;:.
. - .: ' '? .-:- ':C.Cbl&+ .,;( - ~ $ ' ~ ~ ~ ~ r ~ ~ ~ : f ~ ~ c ~ , i . . . . . . . . . . . fi$wif;:.&ilj$ ~ ~ t i o n , , i ~ ~ o n ~ ~ s c ~ l o n ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o r y :I , . ,?"::,.;: 2 . . . . , .,V? .:,
continued relations with his crcntures. All the &at pmpheh ..::;$:. 2 and sages are words of God ; they come. from him more really. ;. 752$i~! "~(. .,J.-.y-'. and -return: to:binv..more directly .than,;otber men.. A s men: 'criii ::~:;:.I~T,! 'I::,. ? - . -=,. i; . -, Y .'. . ;r 3 not know the 'eternbl csse&.>f God;but b n l y the k~nifesti~on:?;;.$~6$: of tlre Divine Will, there occur fro41 time.. to tilue incarn'atio&s j$;t+,?,j~2 of the Primal will. ' Abrallam, Moses,. Jesus, Mohammad; kerb ;j:;:<,ir..:<<i: ;
i..... -' ,:-.-t,
all such intermediaries between G o d And min. . Each was sue-::;",.?:' ; , -., :;c. cessivelj moi-e'.f~ll :of truth . and:gre~ ;than in: his. predecessor,, :pqfl~;;[&>~$$~~, reveded sufficient fop thc time. - All tKcse ~ h e o ~ h a n i i i a r e ideu;.%,;.5:<:p
.,. ,, ??*.;'i tical in their essence, and differ .only..in circumstanco,~..just as,,: . ::i,iL,:.2
tlie sun which shines to-day is the same as the sun which shoib ; ,';ifz;&;i.-'
ycstcrrl:~~. Tlro periods when tliesc great prophets or Imams' . ..? :":.. . ll~it:.i.sll :ires the Theoph:~~iic 1':1ys, :111(1 Oi(! j)~riods between are the. periods of:~Occultation. But even in this night, tho last, :
A. ..- .? ...... ~evcaler : still li&'.in concealment and com~unicstes with: his .f~l;;~$;:.;~~-$;jf; lowers bg.certiin.Gates: ::When tlie Iicvealer, is aboutto rcincliri~:.:.~~~+<<:~~?~~,:; nit& b ibe l f hgain;:this;.great &vent' 'is:,,pre(teded by n & m ~ ~ ~ . ! o f . ~ ; ~ ~ ~ ? ? ~ : ~ r r ~ ~ .>a+ ,+4 ~,%,,*-,;+: . . : .... prophetic Gates. or Channels. of communication. .. .,. . -... .>., .- .- .?.... ...*%,? .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
After these new. Gates or seers appear, and schisms and, ~er~!,~::ji;~;<i$; otlhcr signs are observed,. then the Heaven of. Wi1l;th'e. Proof df~+~;~' i . :?~~>,~; God,:mnnifests )limself.:..Coupled with this doctrinenis:a. . . . . . &urioui..:':,i~l~Ii~,f
:z!;+, ;:::: b:elief. called $bat, of " the '~cturri.?;: I n the first Vahid.0;. . iectii;ni.:;;;.:. ;., :.>:,I >..,., ::,:.; '.'?
. of . nineteen iu thQ.Bey jn it is:, asserted t],jf . ~ ~ h ~ & & b ? ::??':'~:::~$ ::..? >;, , ., . r.., tho great prophet, ~ a t i m a , his dmgl~tcr, the twelve Imams .&14.:."j:::';~f'~~~~i' . . . :....-. .; ...
the PourGates (wl~o~followed the -Twelfth 1mam)l~svi .r&urned;:r:':;~;:%j.~.$ yz .,... ,..: , z ... . to the' life. .of -the: world. with such ixs belieicd; in themC.:-,.~~..t~ia ... :;: ,:; :.::.;2?2: . . . . e
............ second Vallid, iE is taught that by tbe ~esurre&ion:.is mgintfie:"-:::i::;.t.li new Manifestation; by the Questioning of the Tomb,,,the tidings::.:,,,>;:,.,;.. : of i t? brought .by. its ' l~~:csscngers. to .tlibse; klio slumb6il;:in .. ?-. - ;;no- 0. . . .-. .':~"~i~i'::~'i :: ,.,.*. ;;.. rrulce ; by the Raising of the Dcad, the &valiening: i f thoaa who' . . . . . .'""."' lie thus dead in. iguorancc, and so on ; t h e idbas wliich prevail of :':: ,. ' ;: : ir corporeal resurrection, a n~nteri:ll lleavc~l and .hell, and the -lilt(! are mcre ..figment$. of . the-.:imagination.:. . Haji Mirza Jnni, . tlie:i;;.::.&.,:c: . .
. ' ~ a b i . historian, &llohad 'bekn n ~~er sonn l friend .and fbllower 'of::;.,<.::-. :,'::?,: .:.. ..*'i.. *
i n c a m a t i ~ o q l ~ : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t i o ~ n n ~ r ' ~ . ~ n s ~ i ~ i ~ i s t i o ~ ! . ':But: &e.admits ,that . . . : . . :-.-..:::i::::j ...,>. ! . a
. L ! none knoiveth it.:inve tl~osa nbo:.lgve re turue~;~! . : and, i f . i t is. .:!. ...... .,: ..::;:>:! ..,... -.:
. n o t suhstnn tid1y.a doctrine o f &l-tmn~higri\ti6~ it ib"difficu1t .to:: I . ;;:;: ........ . ,,. ........ sny wllat i t ie;. Not only initho'~$ostles of the unity, but,blso,,ili;~: ',:-:. ,;:!ki the ,hq$~m, . . . . . . ?f:ili' tile; faithful, according to. th6i~. 'respectiyo . . . . . . . . ~ ~ I ~ c c M ; ? .....-,,. ,.. :::,I);$!$$ :
\ .,:. :!:.'., and missions, does this coimunicatio~i of. 'tho'divine and .reincar*!. . . .::..i: ":%;I
nation of tllo great of the past. occur. When one of them:.was . . . . .-.-.. -'::<.-':!; -,, . . . . , .
, . .
. i , - . . . .
' , . . . : . . . . . . " ( ' . . . . . . .- .. 1 8 9 ] . ' ,. , ~ a d s m ' and the Bab. 747
found fulfilling a certain r81e which recalled that of some holy saint preceding him;. it waa said:.among tlie Babis, '& That. is the
unit+, i t is- blain ' that .G 'have ' ],ere :,very.. pateit germs of o . .- , ' ,
luxuriant polytheism, and if the.rcligio6 goel on me ;hall onc day ,
have personal cults, symbols and tcmplea. Is it, after all, the ..long smothered spir tf :ancient paganism..that ie ~easserting itself, , . . . . . - ~1'
so. s,tr&ngely ~ g a i i s t tb6 'hi hiire: and'.-hiid:imd:;i'otheism of Isla& . . ' . . . . . . . which had been ilnposed upon i t by 'fdicc bf*.arm$'?. : A second peculiar'doctrine of -Babi&n is.'the shred character
of-the number 19. As the word ahyy, " he who givcs life," has .
19 for its na~ncricql ecl1~i\.nlr.nt, this. i t \\Ins ~l.;;lli.fl, is the 11i\.int. xluu~bcr. As tlie world is o~lly a tlivine'cmanatio~~ ui~tL r~.it.,
'-. tliese same principles bf life,-this number.:19 ia.found a t tho basis . . . - ...
. - . of al l things rightly oiganized. over the whole.world this nom- . .I.::
;. . . . .-ber should reign,: ..Accordingly:tbe Bab.-ordered:-.his followers to .- :. . zi:.. . :.:+.., reconstitute all divisions of t h e and' bate 'Lccording to the sacred number. In the Babi year there were to be 19 months ; . . . . and every montli s h o ~ ~ l d have 19 days, every day 19 hours, ant1 .. : ... ."'
. every hour 19 minutes. All, measures of . length and weight . . - ._ ... . , were 'also: rcyolutionized .by a divisioii.:into:19. In tlie courts, , ., . ,la.,: - .,. the' timples and the .ecclcsiastical~ org<nizitions, everything ,was - : - :. .... ,' to bo regulated by thi ' samo 'nhne6ical' cycle; Naturally, there-
..:i..foro,the Apostles, or ,('.Lettc& of th~:Living, '~as the Bab poeti- .... :: .. . . .: ........ .
.... .:,!. .cally'j.called ' t11em;':wet;g eikhtkn,: ,bho, %th t h e Bab, constitut;e . . . . , ... . .. . . . i&ii"the -incied &umber, I t is worthy'bf..'notice that, although
. :- the Bab is the Point, the Diviue Manifestation, yet it is not in . . . .,' . .
.., . . . . ' .hi~u, by :himself,,that; thisyvirtui is ,he14 'to. . . . . . . . be.:seated, but in that . . ,.-. . . . " Divine "Unity 'k6rrn;d''by this inspired college of '19. ' Hence.
when tlie Bab was put tp death, the divine .cviudo~~r : L I I ~ aotliol.ity wliicli residcd in him, constitutiug l!im the Point of I:crc:li~i.io~~. did not ccase to, be, but joined .itself to the activity residiog iu the
, ,.- . . . . .'I
: :..; . .%it ... @f , tho . ,.. ~ ~ c r & d $ i ~ & i o ; ~ ~ n F the si&niof ..th$'Godhead appeared -':.,:,T-, . . 1. ..;.-'.'i&'the. neit;, iii' di'iiity .among the':hcrcd-'l;etters. ;A t ' th i last .. e i.
.,:;; in, recompe~se. for tlieif.vii$&e,--bi~~,'h<+i';giioiito. them the full. ' r , ,.; . I .: . -5, ... ;re';ilation 'of trutli ;: thns p r ~ ~ ~ r e i l , ~ t l ~ c ~ w i ~ be Gited with God, . 1 ,'.; :,"!
~ a b i s i ' and the Bab. peccmber 9:. ..- :z+c - - :. :;it.j .*., .. ,*. - .:i . cratic. On tho placcs wllcrc the 13abi lcailcrs dicd as martyrs, .... ::, . <,
. .! .... .:.,:: the holiest sanctuaries will bc built. In the temples, thcrc \viU :. !..<:+;:, . .
- . be..ernployedi the::m.ost~-ipreci~usmaterials ..._- . . . . . . . . apdrichcst stuffg..an4i:c.):-~-~~'*', .,..,.. ,, r. .&-.a .; .. eve;.y Lind'bf' h b d y 'dG6ration;;wit'li l d t y .thr0~i~'f&.thi~.~~r1~~~~1'-i';:'i~~~
. r The faithful will he;e tdisiani,'- star-shaped 'imulet* i ~ y w h j ~ h *..,>*34 ~ ~ ; ~ , : ~ ~ ; -..,
they can put entire.confidencc. I n the Babi state, when it. :;j;.:.. ;.. ,-.. :.,. be set up, the unbelievers who reject the Bab'will have no legal . , ' :
rights. ' A l l their psoperty.~npiriShtly b e . . . . . . talqen from, _ them,, ... [email protected]~$3&t ... 'k >,. .."2 five provinces, at tlio very beutbf the Persian. empire, ire t&nbd:g::Fi;, in khich they arc not even.. to be allowed to -reside. ~ l ; e s 'i$' ' 'Z2 '3: ;
.. ...- :- ... tow1 or yrovince.of the unbelievers is conquered, one fifth of theov.. . ..'.,.? . :.Tzii'
5: s1)oils belongs to the I-Iead of the Church ; tlien the warriors are. . ..:--:"... ta, . . I . # \ \ * . : t i tiluy nced, and the rest is giv*:l\ 1 1 8 t111! 1)oor; but tllc lives of the unbelievers ,rue ~ i o t to be taltuu simply LCLause of
. . . -, . . . . . . .<, . :... .-y*'';> "ii: The Dabis necd.not engage in public prayer, ,except ',upod ',ip&~:~+;$~.<$~ ... :-J;c#A.:-;:,
,*-.. l , \ :, :,<::.:: cially solcrn~~':~~~asi~ns,~and t l , i ablutions and the doctrinc~~.bf~.:~~:: . : ,-,.:~~:..i~: cerelnonial im'hirit? .:if -wllich the Moslems malce so much i i e - "- ,:+-';
. . . entirely, abrogated, since they give Godneither pain nor plea~ure;::,,,.,.;;:~:~?;~
. These two reforms would remove ..very great io~irces .of. nstional'j:.'~~:~j!'!~<~? and religionsfrictionjldnd bo a genuinc service. (say: th~se.~~l~o~~;.f~~.$~~.~ lcnonr thc,.East): . . . $6 Oriental society. ' ,:.To :the : governmen!;;. I, cerA$ii'$:2~?
$;:+>I.,,$:?
tain:tax,.or per cent, on eve.rymisl~al~bf gold o r silvii i&dub:,21f~kLi:,;.$~: . olle pays, je fulfl]$ bib duty. .If he does not, he & & . b e YS;:?;.:?:
. . formally The legal penaltiis i re of . two liinds. The. - ., , , 4:; - . ;..:,: . ' first is a fin&,:$ioeteib. times .tllc: injury, or kppo high+: multiple'bf~~~j.: . :~:'~:! . ;,,. .,-'... ni~~t:~cull, accoF?ini:to the G v i t y of tile case; ~ l i i 'iecdnd I;i'd.-":'iy''t o f penalty con'sists in- interdictiou of conjugal indulgences for a . . .
111111lber of cli~ys.or months, nccorclilig to tlic gravity of the trans- ..: ? ...
. . . . .... glession .... ~:~FoF~exam~1c,~. if . v a man stri1ses.a child he is proFibitetl z,::.+::5s :, . . .. -.
- :, gods, e r n b r ~ l d e ~ e ~ i h d l j ~ w e ~ " & t dnly.bai,L,;i i ' s h t to be pro- cured and enjoyed'by thiilfaithful, &~dink. to. the measure of
'
their resources.. .Especially a t weddings should those who are able, adorn theinselves richly; but, if they are not able, they
. . should not: 'mo~n,..fo& their. Lord,: at: the- Last . .. Judgment, will . . : bestow, on .his faithful serva~its .those rewards. : 1 .: . . :, . Tlie Bab' a t t ad id : ektreme itiportanbe to m&iage and to tlie establishment and upholding of tile' family, - that great dcsid- eratunl in Asiatic civilizations. To continue tlie family liirc is :L rcligio~is 1111ty. : I I I I I :~fr~.t . , ~ Ik~r t~ t t y#a:~rs' of : I ~ C t~i:trri;i~t: i < I . ~ . ( Q o I : ~ ~
mended. A second \!ift: is perwitted but not r c c o ~ ~ ~ r ~ ~ i : ~ ~ t l c ~ t . ,.Coiicubinage;a commod'vice 'of the East, is severely interdicted. Tllese were important measures in tlle interest of :woman. But
, . ' . the.Bab did'not-cbntcnt-.hikeelf with :these. :..He-also prohibited
divorce and abrogated tllc use of the veil. -The ' great plagne of . Persian and most Moslem societies is not so much the license thcy
'. '
give to have m6re than one wife, but the freedo; which tile laws of divorce nllow to the husband'to cbange.llis wifeat any moment
..:' and on the-most: fdvolius pretexti;---~he;trai$itor~,natfire of the ;.;::.. : . . , . . . . . . ... . . .
; '1 ..usual mar;iage &is done nll~ch ,.m&e,,.,thep Ijolkal<y:oj concubin- , , age to deprhve-the relations of the sexes and render real marriage '. . ,unioni.imp~ssil?l~:-.:::&lost .women fibmi: tienti-two to twenty-four
. . , .
----par; old, sG4 Gbbin'&au,:have' had:'tvro oG;'th=ee"husba;nds. The ~ a l ' s t r u c k at these disorders by. prohibiting' divorce except in cases of extreme necessity, and thcn only after waiting a year,
- .:/. ,Gdby:inkrdictidg:.tbe covering . . . . :f . : ; . y q + ~ ~ s face. with. the veil, - a custom, Easter;' observers s y, which' gives Qspccial 'nppbr- tunity and encouragement to the most nnp~incipletl illtrigucs. Tliosc who bccnme Babis wclVe to associate togctllcr fl.c:cl!..
.. though discreetly, . . without regard to .sq: . .a t ,the hospitable table . .- . .< - . . ,:'~;$~o~;thb ?ell-to-d@"~bbi . ,.. -iitis-.to . . ,:..".. . . ~ @ ~ i d ~ ~ r n 6 ~ & ~ . . , ns ,+ell. as men
,.:,,f=-. -.yere..to be $ d m i t t ~ d . ~ r . . ~ o ~ . m i ~ l ~ ~ , ' ~ l i d go bn Lot ,.--;.:. ,.- !&.,.. , > > . .. - i, ,;;,:~;~;*;thqi'~& . ..+.. - . 'td; bti:iebb++r~ged~i.8t4~r tt;attendl;ta t h e i i ' ~ , & o m ~ & $ " ~ ~ ~ "
- '::. . khildrkn ;, if .I t h e i eo, on .a. j)ilgri&age, they. are to 'be very 'cartifii , . . . . _ , . ..... ; ',ibiiut: over-fatigue 6 r &nger 6 " thciii: h a l t h i :No: 'child ' ib .. to .. . . ,.C,,.i.-;<I ...- '. .'.. ' . . . . :?
,- - -:.; ;yg;~,,Fecei~$ blow'. . befoi;$ifive. ., year4::of . ;age;,.~$terlthat,'time.it must: "-'i';':~~bt'r~coj~e~.plore tbah'five blp~k'at:ii; timii and.'these.must hot bo
' . . . ..i,.. ... ' dr; tlii b'a&''.iki'n.- parents sh0111d:ileiiii the 'young to laugh, play
games and to do everything which will make them happy. Men . . - . . .
....., - ..+. ,'r;* i:.T..w . ,.,. .. 3:.-.'P-* .. ; ; .>, :>., , $ 7 G y .
... 750
:': i.. .\.. Babbm and the Bab. [December, ' .';!:. i l f : , - --. , . . <.?-it.: \ shol~lcl not drink wine or smoke opium, or wear beards, bnt shave,. .: :<B,*,. - . :,$..~;';:.j:i. , their faccs ; they should never forsalre their own country no^,^-.:,. %.A,., . . . . . . . . ..\ .-. - ." . p,. !< .-,.;:- ..
leave their . . fimilioa to . tnkc - ~ o u i n e y s , ~ ~ o r i ~ p d : n n y ., .-. ., ,b~t~~!<i$$<<~$[~.*,? T . . . . . , :. ;,:.; -,., ,+=r . . '.. books.. . . . . . . , :. . . . . . . . .,.-+,>. ,. -...-,: ;:.7;:; .*+..+;*:; "
Such is, th'aBabi',..utopia. I the sect"co~1d 'oktttiii: such ........ - : 5.1::- . i >- .-<
majority'ss to put i t into pncticc, i t would certainly make a great. , :' .:;;;;: . .
..rpvolution in Persia. ' The Babis have .been nccused .of , bein[;,,,q;..~;~~;~.: :. ... ... <;'* I-?%.,&-;;
Oomm1inists,:6f ,illovving ninthusbands to' dne womah;.bf . 'di ik~~;"~,$~+~~ . . . . . . . - - . .-. ing wine and of indulging in dl sorts of promiscuous lid&e:;$. ::?:.-;; ..B "%;:; ..*-, in . the love feasts to which their womcn come unveiled. . ut..,,::,.. r- ;., .... ..4 the universal testimony of thoso who know them is that, on the '.j.<:??... . .
. - ~~ontrm-y, they are distinguished as a body by an unm~~al ly ' i l i~h . '.
. . ~ . . : ~ ~ c i i l r i l of morality. T l ~ e j arc L C I ~ I ~ J ~ I . : I ~ C , UIILIS~C, piol~s, IIIII.~., self-sacrificing, .and .of. late years, peaceable and- obedient;to:tho,,,,::;- --A,; :;. ,. ::-:,:, :<%$,;.;: laws, a t least outwardly. They still look and ivait .for thbki1;~?+!;$?:!3~~, when.jL'the just 'ahall. inherit the. earth," and they firmly. bdbve? . , ,: . a,.?.k. i C';$?? .:'-
tliitt. ti)&, th6:disbiples .of the Bab, are t h i persons ti &horn: tl~t?.~;:~-~%.i:? final triumph is promiscd. . . . .. ,.., .,. :L:::.;~~, , :..&,
The futuri of the'.B&ist8 it is difficult to predict. ;, 'Jhey:ba+Q . r;i7.!2.:i;>".'i' w - , .- -- .. ", ...r:." . l ........... \+<.: alrnndonc4,tlio. idon of open conflict and adopted the' plnn:.if p:;~i~~~s~2;,:::
. . . . . . . . . . secret .Propaganda which does not even hesitate, iq,case of. n e e ; .. .-Fz~t,.iz.r: :5::&<:;f:-~ ~7
'a &pYing their belief, ind& oath. : ' I t i$ p ~ s s i b l ~ , ~ t h ~ & f ~ ~ e ~ ~ t i ' a ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ : - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ; ~ ~ . . .-; :.F:-z
tlk'$lowing faith!whi'cli courageously confronted the. in04 t .frigl;~<~.~2!+;~;ri. ful torturcs ., rmd . filled. princes with dread of d i r ~ ; ~ ~ n ~ u l s i o n s ~ ~ ~ ~ - ~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ ; ~ ~ ~ ; ; ~ ~ . . . . .
........_. ^
ui.y, ,like .the;flb&e . of . Anabaptist z e d in Geruia~~y,'c+l'do+to j;c:;$$, . . . tepid respcotability,'~&ciomhodato itpelf t o t h e ~ k ~ d d ' ~ ~ d . s i r n ~ l ' ~ , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . . .
~ e r i i a n . iiokei and t l l i &tivity df these :dreamer's.-of la:new king.. -.,..:.;,,;t;<s dom .of hcsven o p earth. The . unl~esitating faith, tho: burning !, -
cnthnsinarn, tho heroic mnrtyrcloms and the fearless 1oyal'ti:of € 1 1 ~ '' ' '
&his, Lclong to dl nges nnd classes; their devotion ?inspires ....... i . " rospcct:in, the indifleront and.. krilces ppoffuund : tsrrqi .in thoir;:i:_.-:.;!- . . . . .
4 :: e ~ p l ~ s i p ~ , , : b o t ] ~ : ~ ioGticd did F~ligiousj.:in. -th& ancieic COUII~I~~::Y!?!:;':, . . ,; . : . . 5::' ..$ &hioh lvill:.&irk piat a! & ~ u h & & d . . . . :in.+ tho ':i;?ii :.>$