Lecture L23 INTERNET OF THINGS
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Lecture L23 INTERNET OF THINGS
“Some have suggested that the internet of things “changes everything,” but that is a dangerous
oversimplification.”
- Michael E. Porter & James E. Heppelmann
The next revolution has started
Everyday object get sensors and software and connect to the internet
The Third Wave of IT
Waves of IT - Information Technology
1960s and 70s - first wave automated processing
1980s and 90s - powerful networked computers and the Internet
Both waves cause jobs to be eliminated and productivity to be dramatically increased
The Third Wave of IT
IT is now integral part of the product themselves
Embedded sensors, processors, software, and connectivity in products, coupled with a product cloud in which product data is stored and analyzed and some applications are run, are driving dramatic improvements in product functionality and performance.
Source: HBR
Adjacent Possible
The Impact of the Smartphone
Smartphone revolution starts 2007
Contains multiple of sensors
Barometer to sense air pressure and relative elevationAccelerometer to measure distance by walking or runningGyroscope to measure orientation
Information spillover
Processors and sensors
Processors and sensors are now widely available and cheap
Examples Raspberry pi computer, Arduino
By 2020 a cumulative 100 billion processorswill have been shipped, each capable of processing information and communicating
(Source: Ericsson)
Things get connected
Physical components comprise the product’s mechanical and electrical parts
Smart components comprise the sensors, microprocessors, data storage, controls, software, and, typically, an embedded operating system and enhanced user interface
Connectivity components comprise the ports, antennae, and protocols enabling wired or wireless connections with the product
Smart Connected Things
Connectivity takes three forms, which can be present together:
One-to-one: An individual product connects to the user, the manufacturer, or another product through a port or other interface
One-to-many: A central system is continuously or intermittently connected to many products simultaneously
Many-to-many: Multiple products connect to many other types of products and often also to external data sources
Connectivity
Product
Things can be anything
Source: HBR
1. Product
Source: HBR
1. Product
2. Smart product
ProcessorsSensorsSoftware
Source: HBR
1. Product
2. Smart product
ProcessorsSensorsSoftware
3. Smart connected product
ProcessorsSensorsSoftware
Source: HBR
1. Product
2. Smart product
ProcessorsSensorsSoftware
3. Smart connected product
ProcessorsSensorsSoftware
Source: HBR
Farmequipment
system
Planters
Tillers
Trackors
Combineharvesters
4. Ecosystem
Source: HBR
System of systems
Products become part of large ecosystems
Between 2013 and 2022, $14.4 trillion of value (net profit) will be “up for grabs” for enterprises globally
(Source: Cisco)
The New Technology Stack
Smart, connected products require companies to build and support an entirely new technology infrastructure
Source: HBR
What Can Smart, Connected Products Do?
What Can Smart, Connected Products Do?
Monitoring
Smart, connected products enable the comprehensive monitoring of a product’s condition, operation, and external environment through sensors and external data sources
Source: HBR
Example: Glucose Monitor that connects to your smartphone
What Can Smart, Connected Products Do?
Control
Smart, connected products can be controlled through remote commands or algorithms that are built into the device or reside in the product cloud
Source: HBR
Example: Lockitron door lock
What Can Smart, Connected Products Do?
Optimization
The rich flow of monitoring data from smart, connected products, coupled with the capacity to control product operation, allows companies to optimize product performance in numerous ways, many of which have not been previously possible
Source: HBRExample: Diebold self-repairing AMTs
What Can Smart, Connected Products Do?
Autonomy
Monitoring, control, and optimization capabilities combine to allow smart, connected products to achieve a previously unattainable level of autonomy.
Source: HBRExample: iRobot’s Roomba vacuum cleaner
Examples
Nike + Fuelband
activity monitor
Jawbone UPactivity
and sleep monitor
LockitronLock
system
Phillips HueLightingSystem
NESTThermostat
iGrillGrilling
Thermometer
SONOSSound
system
SamsungSmart
washer
BabolatTennisracket
Ralph LaurenThe Tech Polo
Shirt
ScanaduHealth
Monitoring
Smart Homes
NEXT: THE FUTURE
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