L03C: Chapter 3 (Continued) Inorganic Compounds • Reminder: Bonding ranges from ionic to covalent depending on relative electronegativity of constituents. For example: • Ionic bonds are non-directional, while covalent bonds are highly directional. • Anions (-) usually larger than cations (+). W.R. Wilcox, Clarkson University. Last revised July 31, 2013.
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L03C: Chapter 3 (Continued) Inorganic Compounds Reminder: Bonding ranges from ionic to covalent depending on relative electronegativity of constituents.
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L03C: Chapter 3 (Continued)Inorganic Compounds
• Reminder: Bonding ranges from ionic to covalent depending on relative electronegativity of constituents. For example:
• Ionic bonds are non-directional, while covalent bonds are highly directional.• Anions (-) usually larger than cations (+).
W.R. Wilcox, Clarkson University. Last revised July 31, 2013.
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Factors that Determine Structure with Ionic Bonding1. Relative sizes of ions – Formation of stable structures: -- maximize the number of oppositely charged ion neighbors.
Linear
Triangular
Tetrahedral
The lower value for each corresponds to each anion being in contact both with neighboring anions and with neighboring cations
Cubic
Example Computation of Minimum Ionic Ratio
Determine minimum rcation/ranion for an octahedral site (C.N. = 6)
a 2ranion
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Rock Salt StructurePrototype is NaCl rNa = 0.102 nm