l JUNE RockJoints - UniTrento · Discontinuities and their effect on rock mass 149 OAydan & TKawamoto Shear strength of rockjoints reinforced with fiexible bolts based on physical

PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNA TIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ROCK JOINTS LOEN /NORWAY l 4-6 JUNE 1990

RockJoints Edited by

NICKBARTON Norwegian Geotechnical lnstitute, Osio

OVE STEPHANSSON Lulea University ofTechnology

A.A.BALKEMA l ROTTERDAM l BROOKFIELD l 1990

Rocl< Joints, Barton & Stephansson (eds) <&J 1990Balkema. Rotterdam.ISBN 90 6191 109 5

T ab le of contents

The Loen rockslides

The Loen rockslides - A historical review E.Grimstad & S.Nesdal

l. Characterization

3

Characteristics of joints and faults Il R.HGabrielsen

Identification and characterisation of sets of fractures and faults in rock 19 M.C.Bridges

Joint roughness (JRC0

) characterization of a rock joint and joint replica at l m scale 27 P.Chryssanthakis & N.Barton

Natura! hydraulic fracturing 35 T.Engelder & A.!Acazette

Characteristics of pre- and syn-consolidation structures and tectonic joints and microfaults in 45 fine to mediurn-grained sandstones RH.Gabrielsen & R.-K.Aarland

Application ofborehole image processing system to survey oftunnel 51 S.Kamewada, S.Taniguchi, RS.Gi & H.Yoneda

Evaluating materia! propertìes of faulted zones by image analysis and numerica! methods 59 T.Kawamoto, T.Kyoya & Y.Ichikawa

'Three dimensionai stochastic joint geometry modelling including a verification: A case study 67 P.RS. W.Kulatilake, DN.Wathugaia & O.Stephansson

Analysis of structural homogeneity of rock mass around ventilation drift Stripa mine 75 P.H.S. W.Kulatilake, D N. Wathugala & O.Stephansson

Sheared beddingjoints in rock engineering: Two case histories in Italy 83 ALembo Fazio, RRibacchi & P.Tommasi

Joint ori gin as a predictive tool for the estimation of geotechnical properties 91 KD.Rawnsley, S.R.Hencher & AC.Lumsden

VII

Sub-horizontal discontinuities of large extension in the basaltic lava-fiows nucleus of the 97 Parana basin (Brazil) NN.Souza l r. & J.O.Campos

Study of rock joint surface feature and i t' s classification l O l SunZongqi &XuFangMing

Two types of mechanisms in bedding translation l 09 T.Uemura

Otaracterizingjoint spatial correlation using geostatistical methods 115 E.Villaescusa & E.T.Brown

2. Mechanical properties

Mechanical properties of rock joints S.C.Bandis

125

Experimental investigations for an algorithm simulating the effect of variable nonna! stiffness 141 on discontinuities shear strength GArchambault, M.Fortin, D.E.Gill, MAubertin & B.Ladanyi

Discontinuities and their effect on rock mass 149 OAydan & TKawamoto

Shear strength of rockjoints reinforced with fiexible bolts based on physical modeling 157 K.Bakhtar, T.Zahra & D.Chitty

Self-similar distribution of macroscopic fractures at depth in crystalline rock in the Cajon 163 Pass scientific d.rillhole CA.Barton & M.DZoback

Experimental and numerica! investigation on rock joints 171 Z.H.Benjelloun, M.Boulon & D.Bi/laux

Shear behaviour of shale joints under heat in direct shear 179 HAydin Bilgin & AGunhan PO§amehmetoglu

Scale effects in the shear behavior of joints in welded tuff 185 T.E.Blejwas & FD.Hansen

Behaviour of reinforced jointed models under multiaxialloadings 191 P.Egger & FPellet

The role of tension in failure of jointed rocks 195 JM.Handanyan, E.R.Danek, RA.D' Andrea & J.D.Sage

Norma! joint stiffness as a function of spatial geometry and surface roughness 203 DLHopkins, NG. W Cook & L.RMyer

Arùsotropic shear strength of rock joints 211 T.H.Huang & Y.S.Doong

VIli

A study on the shear strength of rockjoint of partial continuity 219 JJ.Hung & T.T.Lee

A photoe1astic investigation of the stress state close to rock joints 227 AJ.Hyett & JAHudson

Laboratory simulation of joints and their influence on rock mass behaviour 235 B.Indraratna

Jnfluence of parallel and cross joirits on shear behaviour of rock discontinuities 243 H.KKutter & F.Otto

Qlaracteristics of acoustic emissions during shearing of rock joints 251 CLi & ENordlund

Behaviour of rock joints and rock bridges in shear testing 259 CLi, O.Stephansson & T.Savilahti

Shear behaviour of physical models of rock joints under constant norma! stiffuess conditions 267 Y.Ohnishi & P.GR.Dharmaratne

Shear strength ofmodelled filled rockjoints 275 T.Papaliangas, AC.Lumsden, SManolopoulou & SR.Hencher

Shear strength of filled discontinuities 283 J.Paulino Pereira

Effect of infili thickness on shear behavior of rock joints 289 N.Phien-wej, U.B.Shrestha & GRantucci

Shear box testing and modelling of joint bridges 295 T.Savilahti, ENordlund & O.Stephansson

Experimental investigations and modelling of rock joint behaviour under constant stiffness 301 CASkinas, S.C.Baruiis & CA.Demiris

Shear behaviour of cement grout filled artificially created planar joints 309 R.KSrivastava, AVJalota, AAAAmir & KSRao

Geomechanical cbaracteristics of a pulverised infilling materia! of a shear zone 317 F.T.Suorineni & K.EN.Tsidzi

Shear tests of mode! rock joints under stiff normalloading 323 MLVan Sint fan

Determination of shear strength of rock joints at two dam sites and at Stripa Research Mine 329 G.Vik & PMJohansen

In-situ study of strength and strain characteristics of a rock mass based on sign-variable 335 deformations in a pillar N.P.Vlokh, AV.Kritikov & Y.P.Shoupletsov

The complete shear stress -vs- shear displacement behaviour of clean and infilled rough joints 341 Shulin Xu & MH.de Freitas

IX

3. Hydraulic properties

Hydraulic behaviour of rock joints 351 J.Gale

Groundwater behavìour in jointed rock mass during the excavation of underground crude o il 363 storage cavems KAoki, Y.Shiogama & T.Kobuchi

Numerica! and laboratory studies of flow in a fracture 369 D.Billaux & S.Gentier

Quantitative description and modelling of joints morphology 375 S. Gentier & J.Riss

Aperture measurements and fio w experiments using transparent replicas of rock joints 383 E.Hakami & N.Barton

Hydraulic characterization of jointed rock masses using the 'Pulsation test' 391 KKojima, H.Tosaka, Y.Otsuka, Kltoh & T.Kondoh

Laboratory studi es of transport within a single rock fracture 397 A.R.Piggott & D.Elsworth

Fluid flow through single fractures 405 L.J.Pyrak-Nolte, D.DNolte, L.R.Myer & N.G.W.Cook

A parameter study of the influence of aperture variation on fracture flow and the 413 consequences in a fracture network R.G.Stratford,AW.Herbert & CPJackson

Hydrological characterization of variable-aperture fractures 423 Y.W.Tsang & C-F.Tsang

4. Dynamic properties

Dynamic behaviour of rock joints 435 B.E.Hobbs, AOrd & CMarone

Direct shear testing of single joints under dynamic loading 447 G.Barla, M.Barbero, CScavia & AZaninetti

Simulation and in-situ study of rock behaviour around mining opening approaching to a 455 tectonic discontinuity YJLihpin & AVZoubkov

Scale mode l experiments of a rock joint under dynamic loads 461 SAMiller, J.W.Simon.s & AL.Florence

Effects of single fractures on seismic wave propagation 467 L.RMyer, LJ.Pyrak-Nolte & N. G. W. Cook

The effects of shear and nonnal stress paths on rock friction 475 WA.Olsson

x

Self lock - A mode! of stick-slip of rock joints 481 Tao Zhen-yu & Chen Tie-min

The study of factors relative to the fault reactìvating 487 Tao Zhen-yu & Zhang Li-ming

An experimental study on the brittle failure of weak intercalations in dam foWldation by 495 physical modelling Yang Guohua & Lu Jiayou

5. Coupled behaviour

Coupled behavior of rock joints C.-F. Tsang

The pressure dilation of a deep, jointed region of the earth D. W.Brown & BA.Robinson

Channeling and stiffness effects on flui d percolation in jointed rocks J.Desroches & F.H.Cornet

Joint conductivity variation due to norma! and shear deformation A.Makurat, NBarton, N.SRad & SBandis

505

519

527

535

The measurement of the mechanical and hydraulic properties of rock joints a t different scales 541 in the Stripa project A.Makurat, N.Barton, LTunbridge & G Vik

Characterizing norma! stiffness and hydraulic conductivity of a major shear zone in granite 549 C.D.Martin, C.C.Davison & E.T.Kozak

Theoretical and field investigations of fracture hydromechanical response Wlder fluid 557 injection JRutqvist,JNoorishad, C.Ljunggren, O.Stephansson & C.-F.Tsang

Permeability variation around undergroWld openings in jointed rock masses: A numerica! 565 study L.Wei &J.A.Hudson

Hydromechanical coupling between stress, stiffness, and hydraulic conductivity ofrockjoints 571 and fractures R. W.Zimmerman, D. W.Chen, J.C.S.Long & N. G. W. Cook

6. Constitutive models

Constitutive models of rock joints 581 BAmadei & S.Saeb

~~dies on interfaces and discontinuities and an incrementai elasto-plastic constitutive law 595 OAydan, Ylchikawa, S.Ebisu, S.Komura & AWatanabe

Xl

Review of predictive capabilities of JRC-JCS mode! in engineering practice 603 N.Barton & S.Bandis

Numerica! investigation ofthe boundary conditions effect on rockjoint behaviour 611 F.D.E.Cuisiat, AJ.Hyett & JA.Hudson

Rheological behaviour of a contact layer- Field measurements, constitutive modelling and 617 back analysis by FEM M.Doleialova & VHerle

Failure mechanism and shear strength of joint wall asperities 627 Yu.A.Fishman

A two-dimensional constitutive mode l of rock joints with pre- and post-peak behaviour 633 Lanruling

Three dimensionai flow model in fractured rock mass 639 A.Kobayashi & R.Yamashita

Jointed rock mass modelling 647 A.Makurat, N.Barton, G. Vik, P.Chryssanthakis & KMonsen

Evaluation of mechanical characteristics of rock joints under shear loads 657 lMuralha

An experience on tbe application of fractal theory to basic shear strength studies 667 lMura/ha &JG.Charrua-Graça

Development and verification of a numerica! technique for coupled hydromechanical 673 phenomena in rocks lNoorishad & C.-F.Tsang

Probabilistic mapping of rock joint surfaces 68 I WJRoberds, Mlwano & HH.Einstein

Mechanical behaviour of joints of cliff and open pit 693 NRode, F.Homand-Etienne, R.Hadadou & VSoukatchoff

A variance on the Ladanyi and Archambault's shear strength criterion 701 S.Saeb

Finite element implementation of a new mode l for rock joints 707 S.Saeb & B.Amadei

Geomechanical modelling of joints in rock foundations of structures 713 D.D.Sapegin, N.M.Karpov & A.ANikitin

Fracture-induced stress heterogeneity: Examples from the Cajon Pass scientifi.c drillhole near 719 the San Andreas Fault, California G.Shamir, M.DZoback & F .H.Cornet

Cyclic loading characteristics of joints and rock bridges in a jointed rock specimen B.Shen & O.Stephansson

F01ward and backward discontinuous defonnation analyses of rock block systems Gen-huaShi

Xli

725

731

Seepage fiow under dams with jointed rock foundations- A discrete hydraulic mode! with 745 respect to laminar and turbulent fiow R.Soyeaux

The modelling of water fio w through fissure rnatrix and major joints of a dam foundation rock 753 D.Stematiu

The discrete elementmethod and its application injointed rock stability ofhydropower 759 projects Wei Q un, Liu Guangting & Chen X inhua

Kinematic mechanisrns of sbear defonnation and the validity ofBarton's shear models 767 ShulinXu & M.Hde Freitas

Continuum modelling of rockjoints and its application to tbree dimensionai excavation 775 analysis T.Yamabe, M. Oda, YJshizuka, H.Kumasaka & H.Tada

Joint profiles and their roughness parameters 781 Xianbin Yu & B. Vayssade

A fuzzy-set-theoretic interpretation of strength of rock joints 787 QingZhang

Strength properties of rock mass with bidirectional intermittent cross joints 791 Zhu Keshan, Fan Jingwei & Liu Dongyan

Latepapers

Estimating the shear stiffness of rock joints 799 NJnfanti !r. & MA.Kanji

Correlation of rockjoints at surface and subsurface for support assessment in a Himalayan 805 tunnel VD.Choubey & GDhawan

Author index 813

Xlii