L a n d e s u m w e l t a m t N o r d r h e i n – W e s t f a l e n Autorenname, Fachbereich Sabine Wurzler High population density and heavy industry:

L a n d e s u m w e l t a m t N o r d r h e i n – W e s t f a l e n

Autorenname, Fachbereich

Sabine Wurzler

High population density and heavy industry: the challenge for air quality

management in NRW

Requirements of the first daughter directive

•Monitoring at background and hotspot locations• If limit value plus margin of tolerance exceeded Clean air plans•Source apportionment by modeling and measurements•Prognosis of air quality for 2005 (PM10) and 2010 (NO2)

•Baseline Scenario•With measures

•Measures effective?

3 clean air plans (basis 2002): Duisburg (PM10), Düsseldorf, and Hagen (NO2)

NRW

The Nether-lands

Belgium

PM10 annual averages in NRW 2002 (measurements)

Regional background:

25 µg/m3

Total background at Duisburg:

27 µg/m3

Annual PM10 emissions in the northern part of Duisburg [t/yr]

Emission inventory 2000

Clean air plan Duisburg

Northern part of Duisburg: measurement site

Residential areas

Residential areas

Steel mill

Sinter plants

Blast furnaces

Coking plant

Ore winning

Northern part of Duisburg: PM10 exceedances in 2002

Northern Part of Duisburg:Cause analysis: PM10

2002Regional back-ground 51%

Shipping traffic 3%

Offroad and rail traffic < 1%

Industry 39%

Heating < 1%

Road traffic 6%

Northern part of Duisburg: PM10 source apportionment by measurements (wind and concentration data)

0,0

20,0

40,0

60,0

80,0

100,0

120,0

140,0

12 3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

161718

192021

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

3435 36 1

3

2

South 180°

Southern industry 155°-205°

Old coking plant, southern blast furnaces (Thyssen) 215°- 355°

Measurement site

North 0° Steel mill, sinter plants, northern blast furnaces (Thyssen) 355°- 35°

PM10: Modelled Annual Average over Central Europe

Baseline Szenario 2002 2005

EURAD-Model, Resolution 25 x 25 km2 (www.eurad.uni-koeln.de)PM10 (µg/m3)

Northern part of Duisburg: prognosis of PM10 load

*Measures: closedown of old coking plant, modernisation of blast furnaces and other steel mill parts

Conclusions

PM10:• High regional background concentrations (> 50%, 25 µg/m3) Episode days•The PM10 exceedances are industry and background induced.•Local efforts and measures will help but won’t solve the problem•A combination of Europe-wide and local measures is called for

Workday

Worksday > 50 µg/m3

Saturday

Sunday

Ideal Sunday

PM10

(µg/

m3 )

Quass, Kuhlbusch, Koch 2004

NO2 annual average in NRW in 2002 (measurements)

Regional background: 20 µg/m3

Urban background at Düsseldorf:

30 µg/m3

Düsseldorf Cornelius-Street,

measurement site

Düsseldorf Cornelius-Street: NO2 exceedances in 2002

Düsseldorf Cornelius-Street:Source apportionment: NO2 in 2002

2002Regional back-ground 36%

Shipping traffic 5%

Offroad and rail traffic < 1%

Industry 1%

Heating 3%

Road traffic 53%

Düsseldorf Cornelius-Street:Baseline szenario: NO2 in 2010

Traffic 56%

Regional background 31%

Urban contribution 13%

Düsseldorf Cornelius-Street:Measures for NO2 reduction in 2010

Reduction of heavy duty vehicles, low emission busses, less stop and go.

Contribution to trafficContribution to NOx emission (baseline szenario 2010)

94,3%

53%

3,6% 1,4% Cars and motorcycles

Light duty vehicles

Busses

Heavy duty vehicles

0,8%

5%

21%

21%

Conclusions

NO2:•High total background concentrations (> 50%, 20 µg/m3)•The NO2 exceedances are traffic induced.•More “home made” than PM10 •Local efforts and measures can solve part of the problem•A combination of Europe-wide and local efforts would still be an asset

Acknowledgements

Thank you very much for your attention and for the invitation to the workshop!

I thank •all my colleagues from LUA •RIU EURAD•IUTAwho contributed to this talk!

Open questions

PM10 exceedances measured in 2003: Clean air plans? Action plans?Action plans: Proceeding? Similar to clean air plans?In NRW up to 10 action plans may come up in 2005.

Northern part of Duisburg: time evolution of PM10 load

Partial closedown of a coking plant: Reduktion of particle load

Northern part of Duisburg: cause analysis: PM10

2005

Regional back-ground 54%

Industry 43%

Urban contribution 3%

NO2: Modelled Annual Average over Central Europe

Baseline Szenario 2002 2010

EURAD-Model, Resolution 25 x 25 km2

NO2 (µg/m3)