L-5_VSAT_IDR

L-5

KU-BAND V-SAT & IDR EQUIPMENT

KU-Band VSAT & IDR

Ku Band VSAT

The Ku band ("kay-yoo" K-under band) is a portion of the electromagnetic

spectrum in the microwave range of frequencies from 11 to 18 GHz. BSNL Ku band

service works on:

- 11.637 GHz downlink frequency

- 14.437 GHz uplink frequency

Presently Ku Band Hub (Gateway) uses INSAT-3B satellite to provide

broadband packet-switched communications to a large number of user terminals.

VSAT technology is a secure and reliable medium to connect geographically

dispersed locations and represents a cost effective solution for users seeking an

independent communication network connecting to the global network. In a situation

where other connectivity options are not feasible, Ku Band VSAT offer value added

satellite based services capable of supporting internet, Local Area Network, voice,

Fax and can also provide powerful dependable private communication solutions.

What is VSAT?VSAT stands for Very Small Aperture Terminal. VSAT is a small earth station

which provides a communication link required to setup a satellite based

communication network. It is a small satellite dish diameter is typically 1.2-1.8 meters

for Ku-band systems that is capable of both receiving and sending satellite signals.

VSAT systems can be designed to serve both broadcast and interactive applications

whether data, voice or video, which are now being served by terrestrial lines.

VSAT Equipment is mainly consist of-

ODU ( Outdoor Unit )

IDU ( Indoor Unit )

Outdoor Unit (ODU):The outdoor unit system is specifically optimized for use with the Indoor Unit and

consists of:

Antenna (0.75m - 1.8m)

Block Upconverter (BUC) (1W-2W)

Low Noise Block-Downconverter (LNB)

Feed Assembly (Co-pol or X-pol)

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IDU (IPX-5100)

Power

LAN Link

Ethernet

Sync

KU-Band VSAT & IDR

BUC :

Block Up Converter; Up converts and amplifies modem information for

transmission to the satellite. A BUC (Block Up-Converter) takes an L- band input

and transmits it upstream to the satellite on Ka, Ku, or C band.(1W,2W,4W BUC)

LNB :

Low Noise Block Down Converter; Down converts and amplifies signals

received from the satellite to the modem or receiver. In addition to amplifying the

signal, the LNB also converts the signal to a frequency usable by the In-Door-

Unit.

IDU ( Indoor Unit )• High Performance Satellite Terminal:

• Download speeds of up to 4 Mbps

• Upload speeds of up to 2 Mbps

• Flexible Interfaces:

• Ethernet 10/100 BaseT (RJ45)

• USB 1.1

• 100-240 V AC Power Supply

• -48 V DC,12 VDC Power Supply

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NE

KU-Band VSAT & IDR

VSAT ARCHITECTURE

VSAT networks can be arranged in point to point, star, mesh, star/mesh, and

broadcast configurations. The preferred arrangement depends on the kind of

information flow the network will service. VSAT networks come in various shapes and

sizes ranging from star data system users with one site connected to an operator's

shared hub to many thousands based on a dedicated facility located at their own site.

Mesh systems have traditionally been somewhat smaller in size than star systems

- 5 to 30 sites used to be a good rule of thumb - but the average size of orders has

risen as prices have come down and some rural telephony networks now comprise

as many as several hundred or even thousands of sites.

A point to point network allows two-way communications between two VSAT

sites. A star network allows any number of VSAT sites to have two-way

communication with a central hub. A mesh network allows two-way communications

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KU-Band VSAT & IDR

between any VSAT sites in a network. A central hub is not necessary. Each site

communicates to another site with a single satellite hop.

There are three basic VSAT transmission types: TDMA, time-division multiple

access; DAMA, demand-assigned multiple access; and SPCP/MCPC, single/multiple

channels per carrier. Interactive VSAT systems come in two main network topologies

- star and mesh. The former tends to be based either on a shared access scheme

(TDM/TDMA), which is designed to support transactional processing applications, or

on a dedicated link (the satellite equivalent to a leased line). The latter usually uses

links which are set-up and torn-down on request to establish a direct link between

two sites on a demand assigned basis. Ku Band HUB (Earth Station) at

BANGALORE consists of :

1. Satellite antenna of 8.1 m – Cassegrain feed type.

2. Ku Band RF equipment and its control systems.

3. GATEWAY Networking Equipment with interfaces to Terrestrial Networks like

MLLN, MPLS and NIB.

VSAT SERVICES OFFERED

VSAT is an ideal satellite network that provides communications support for a

wide range of applications:

-Voice Application

-Facsimile

-E-learning

- Financial Management

- Data processing

- Reservation System

- Telemetry & Data Collection

- News Wire Services

- Private-Line Voice

- Virtual Private Networks

- Distance Education

- High Speed Internet Access

- Telemedicine

-Voice over IP Telephony

-Broadcast and Multicast

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KU-Band VSAT & IDR

High speed Broadband Internet

Satellite Terminals provides robust Broadband/Internet network of BSNL by

providing high speed Internet directly to the users with a nationwide coverage.

It delivers bandwidth on demand allowing efficient use of bandwidth making it

ideal for broadband access rollout to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), public

Internet users (such as Internet Cafes / Browsing Centres), Apartments and

individual users.

It provides similar broadband and high speed Internet capabilities available on

BSNL

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KU-Band VSAT & IDR

Video Conferencing

based networks. By delivering these attributes BSNL's video conferencing

solution is unmatched. Video conferencing solution can be used for corporate

meetings, technical support functions, distance learning, telemedicine, job recruiting

interviews, direct-sales, legal work, telecommuting, and manufacturing.

Supports Client/Server based video conferencing with MPEG-4 protocol.

Flexible data speeds ranging from 64, 128, 256, 384 kbps and above

Broadcast and Multicast features - Supports both Point-to-Point and Point-to-

Multipoint conferencing.

Ideal for mass corporate training, internal corporate TV Broadcasting and e-

learning using Broadcast and Multicast features

VSAT TERMINAL FEATURES

Maximum Trans / Receive Data upto 2 Mbps with 10/100 Mbps Base-T

SERVICES OFFERED

Leased Lines through VSAT on IP platform: 4Kbps onwards

High speed Broadband Internet

VPN Networking

VoIP Telephony

Facsimile

Telemedicine

E-learning

IP multicasting, Video Conferencing, Video Streaming

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KU-Band VSAT & IDR

DIGITAL SATELLITE PHONE TERMINAL (DSPT)

Introduction:

Digital Satellite Phone Terminal System (DSPT system or DSPS) project involves

setting up a VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) Based network for BSNL. The

system consists of HUB Station and Remote Digital Satellite Phone Terminals

working in Ku-Band (Transmit Frequency is 13.75-14.5 GHz and Receive is 10.7-

12.75 GHz). DSPT Network provides PSTN connectivity to rural, remote,

inaccessible and hilly areas via INSAT (Indian National Satellite) or leased

transponder for DTS network. The VSAT system works in a star topology using

DAMA (Demand Assigned Multiple Access) technology. For BSNL VSAT network the

Hub shall be located at Sikanderabad (A.P.), adjoining Delhi, in Uttar-Pradesh and

there shall be 15000 DSPT remotes located over several states in India with higher

proportions being in North, North East and East provinces.

Typical Network Configuration of DSPT system

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KU-Band VSAT & IDR

Overview of DSPT HUB:

The Hub of DSPT system will be composed of Indoor and Outdoor facilities. The

outdoor facility is a complete Antenna and RF path while the indoor comprises the

Hub Base-band and the other equipments:

The Hub of DSPT system comprises of Indoor facilities and Outdoor facilities.

Indoor facilities: Indoor facilities has following components,

a. Hub Base-band

b. Transit switch.

In the Indoor facility consists of redundant Hub-base band unit, a Transit switch to

provide connectivity to PSTN network, associated Data-Base servers, Billing system

consisting of Billing system Hardware and software, the data networking equipment

consisting Firewall, web-server, Authentication server and router to provide backend

connectivity to the Internet. The base-band and remotes have a NMS and its

database to configure and manage the entire VSAT-based network.

Outdoor facilities:

a. Antenna (8.1 Meter antenna assembly): In the Outdoor facility has an Extended

motion antenna assembly, which is controlled by 3-phase Elevation and Azimuth

motors. The Antenna consists of a Cass-grain Feed Horn with Hyperbolic dish at

focus of antenna.

b. RF path: RF path consists of Transmit chain and Receive chain.

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KU-Band VSAT & IDR

Transmit chain consists of

-ULPC (Up Link Power Control),

- Up Converter and

- SSPA (Solid State Power Amplifier) and

Receive chain consists of

- Trance reject filter,

- Radar reject filter,

- LNA (Low Noise Amplifier),

- Power divider and Down converter.

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KU-Band VSAT & IDR

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IDR (Intermediate Data Rate)

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KU-Band VSAT & IDR

IDR

( Intermediate Data Rate )

INTRODUCTION:

With the rapid digitization of telecom networks , telephone switching and terrestrial links, INTELSAT (International Telecommunications satellite Organization) planned to introduce IDR carriers into the system , to provide interconnection of these networks with high quality digital communication with information rates from 64 kb/s to 44.736 mbps between different type of earth stations.

Summary of INTELSAT Standard Earth Stations

StandardType

FrequencyBand (GHz)

G/T(dB/K)

ApproximateDiameter(M) Services used for

A6/4 35.0

(earlier 40.7)15-18(30-32)

All

B 6/4 31.7 10-12 All except FDM / FM and TDMA/DSI

C 14/11,12 37.0 10-12 FDM / FM CFDM/FM IDR,IRS

D1 6/4 22.7 4.5-6 VISTA

D2 6/4 31.7 11 VISTA

K1 14/11,12 25.0 3.5-4.5 IRS

K2 14/11,12 29.0 5.5-6.5 IRS

K3 14/11,12 34.0 5-10 IRS , IDR

F1 6/4 22.7 4.5-5.0 IRS

F2 6/4 22.0 7-8 IRS , IDR

F3 6/4 29.0 9-10 IRS , IDR, CFDM/FM

G 6/4 or 14/11,12

- All sizes International leased services

X 6/4 or 14/11,12

- All sizes Domestic leased services

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KU-Band VSAT & IDR

Modes of Satellite services

Closed Net - Any data rate,- No over head

Intermediate data Rate(IDR) - 2 Mbps,8Mbps & 34 Mbps Data rate - 96 k OH

Intelsat Business Service - Any data rate for data transmission (IBS) 16/15 OH

Drop & Insert - Fractional N x 64 Kbps- Supports Multi-destination communication

Intermediate data Rate (IDR)

IDR system provides Trunk connectivity between Telephone exchanges for Digital Telephony data via satellite.

Data rate : 64 kbps to 44.736 mbps

E1- 2.048 Mbps

E2- 8.448 Mbps

E3- 34.368 Mbps

Supports Engineering Service Channel (ESC) of 96 Kbps

The 96 Kbps overhead (ESC) channel consists of :

32 Kbps ADPCM two audio channel

or 64 Kbps Data channel 8 Kbps Data channel

Four independent Backward alarms

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KU-Band VSAT & IDR

IDR Framing

Frame period 125 micro Sec12 Bits OH 256 Bits DATA

(2048 Kb/s)

1 2 3 4 5* 6 7 8 9 * 10 11 12

FRAME AND MULTIFRAME TWO 32 kbps ESC VOICE Chls or one 64 Kbps ALIGNMENT,BACKWARD DATA CHANNEL.ALARM, ESD DATA (FA,A,d)

VI = ESC voice channel I Bits (I = 1,2) : (Set to 1 if not used)AI = Backward Alarm to destination : (I = 1,2 ,3 ,4) NO alarm = 0 , Alarm = 1DI = ESC Digital Data (I = 1 to 8) ,(Set to 1 if not used )8 Frames = 1 Multiframe = 1msOH Rate = 12 Bits / 125 micro sec = 96 Kbps

*Bits 5&9 in the overhead Frame correspond to the first bit transmitted in the ESC voice channels .

**d1 correspond to the first bit transmitted in the ESC data channel.

The frame structure is derived by adding 12 bits every 125 micro sec resulting in a 96 Kb/s overhead rate. The overhead rate is allocated as below:

a. 20 Kb/s for frame & multi frame alignment.b. 4 Kb/s for backward alarm up to four destinations.c. 8 Kb/s for ESC data.d. 8 bits for two 32 Kb/s ESC voice channels for total rate of 64 Kb/s.

FIGURE - OVERHEAD STRUCTURE FOR 2048 Kbits/s IDR CARRIERS

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01000111

0d10d30d50d7

0d20d40d60d8

V1V!V1V1V1V1V1V1

V2V2V2V2V2V2V2V2

1A11A21A31A4

12345678

Frame

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KU-Band VSAT & IDR

IDR System

Other Sub-Systems:Redundancy SwitchEqualizerESC SwitchIF/RF Power Combiner/Divider

Technical Features

G703 E1,E2,E3 Interface

96 kbps Overhead Framing

Operates in C-band

Low Phase Noise Synthesizer

Freq. Resolution Of 125 KHz

IESS 308/310 Compliant

QPSK &8PSK Modulation

Viterbi, Reed Solomon &Trellis FEC Coding

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ECHOCANCELLER

MODEM

UPCONVERTER

DOWNCONVERTER

SSPA

LNA

E1/E2 DATAFROM / TOEXCHANGE

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KU-Band VSAT & IDR

System Features

Star connectivity between Hub &Remote

REMOTE-1

2Mbps/ 8MbpsHUB DATA

HUB REMOTE-2

REMOTE-3

MODEM

MODULATOR

DEMODULATOR

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SAT

EARTHSTATION

EARTHSTATION

EARTHSTATION

EARTHSTATION

OVERHEADFRAMING SCRAMBLER

RSENCODER

INTERLEAVERUNIQUEWORD

CONV.ENCODER

OVERHEADDEFRAMER DESCRAMB

LER

DEINTERLEAVER

UNIQUEWORD

VITERBI.DE-CODER

RSDECODER

2MBPS/ 8MBPS DATA

2MBPS/ 8MBPS DATA

2MBPS/ 8MBPS DATA

96Kbps CR-2144Kbps RS-2370Kbps TR-4740Kbps

I & Q to IF Card2048Kbps

96Kbps

CR-2144Kbps RS-2370Kbps

I & Q to IF Card

2048Kbps

15

SYNTHESIZER OCXO10MHz

MICROCONTROLLER

RS232 I/F

TO PC

BACKUPSWITCHING

NVRAM

KEYPAD & LCDDISPLAY

~~~~~~

RF

IF RF

IF Input 70± 18 MHz

IFLO1112.5MHz

RFLO4662.5 -5242.5MHz

SYNTHESIZER OCXO10MHz

MICROCONTROLLER

RS232 I/FTO PC

BACKUPSWITCHING

NVRAM

KEYPAD & LCDDISPLAY

~~~~~~

~~~

1042.5 ± 18 MHz

RF

IF RF

C-BANDRF I/P

IFLO1112.5MHz

RFLO4662.5 -5242.5MHz

KU-Band VSAT & IDR

UpConverter

1182.5 ±18MHz C-BAND RF O/P

5845-6425 MH z

DownConverter

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IF Input

70± 18 MHz

16

1:1 LNA System

OP

SW

IP

SW

TRANSREJECTFILTER

RADERCUTOFFFILTER

CONTROL UNIT

LNA

LNA

LNA

KU-Band VSAT & IDR

30Mtr ½” Foamdielectric cable

TO I/P & O/P SWITCHES

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KU-Band VSAT & IDR

ANTENNA:

C-Band Transponders Beacon frequency Uplink & Downlink frequency INSAT 3E Longitude = 55 East Satellite Foot Print Polarization VSWR/Return Loss

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MODEMRACK

RFRACK

SSPARACK

LNA systemECHOCANCELLER

KU-Band VSAT & IDR

HUB EARTH STATION

HUB EARTH STATION:

Hub communicates with geographically co-located remotes.

The subsystems at Hub are mounted in Modem Rack and RF Rack.

Accepts 2 Mbps/ 8Mbps Data from exchange, performs digital Modulation.

Performs 70 MHz IF to C-band frequency.

The RF system is interfaced to Antenna (7Mtr) and Amplifiers.

Easy expandable.

Redundancy at every stage provides reduction of system down time.

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MODEM-R

MODEM-1

MODEM-2

MODEM-3

MODEM-4

MODEM-5

MODEM-6

MODEM-7

MODEM-8

MODEMSWITCH

DDSSWITCH IF

SWITCH

8:1 IFPWR

COMB

1:8 IFPWR DIV.

ESCSWITCHH

KU-Band VSAT & IDR

MODEM RACK

Function of Modem Rack Accepts 2048/8.448 Mbps terrestrial data from echo canceller Modem performs IDR framing, Forward error correction, Digital Modulation &

conversion to 70 Mhz IF output. ESC orderwire audio used for earth station maintenance is interfaced to

Modem. All terrestrial data & IF are routed to Modem switch to provide change over to

back up modem during filure. IF carriers are combined in IF Power combiner in uplink & divided in

downlink.

Maximum voice channel communication supported by 8:1 system is 240 for 2Mbps 960 voice channels for 8 Mbps.

The IF signal is routed to RF rack for frequency translation.

Features of Modem Rack:

Provision of DDF Panel for 2 Mbps / 8 Mbps data.

Provision for IF interface at top of rack.

Provision of separate Earth for Rack.

Smooth flow of all signals (E1, IF, ESC and Control)

Line filter reduces EMI/EMC

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KU-Band VSAT & IDR

System is engineered for 8:1 configuration to cater future traffics.

Easily expanded by plugging the modem for higher configuration.

Function of RF Rack

Transmit Chain

Accepts 70 MHz IF from Modem rack.

Equalizer compensates delay distortion & amplitude slope.

Upconverter converts IF input to C-band RF output without frequency invertion.

Up converter implements dual conversion.

Provision for IF & RF Monitoring at front panel.

Prime & backup modules plugged to converter provides switching of IF & RF .

The Output of the RF Rack is interfaced with Amplifier Rack.

The amplified output is switched to antenna Tx feed via waveguide run which offers min. attenuation frequency translation.

Receive Chain

Accepts receive C-band RF signal after amplification.

Downconverter converts C-band RF input to IF output w/o frequency inversion.

Downconverter implements dual conversion.

Provision for IF & RF Monitoring at front panel of converter.

Prime & backup modules plugged to converter provides switching of IF & RF.

Features of RF Rack

Provision for IF & RF interface at top of rack.

Provision of separate Earth for Rack.

Smooth flow of all signals (IF & RF)

Line filter reduces EMI/EMC.

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KU-Band VSAT & IDR

System is engineered for 4:1 Upconverter and 8:1 configuration for downconverter to cater future traffics.

Easily expandable to higher configurations by plugging Up /Down converters.

BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR 2 MBPS IDR EQUIPMENT

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