aupBogqw sMquln (CONSUMER’s EQUILIBRIUM) pySkrqw; bldyv isMG lYkcrwr ieknwimks s.s.s.s.huiSAwrpur swihbzwdw AjIq isMG ngr[ 1
aupBogqw sMquln(CONSUMER’s EQUILIBRIUM)
pySkrqw;bldyv isMG
lYkcrwr ieknwimkss.s.s.s.huiSAwrpur
swihbzwdw AjIq isMG ngr[1
aupBogqw dy sMquln dw ArQsImq Awmdn, v`D qoN v`D sMquStI,siQqI nMU nw bdlxw[
pirBwSw;“ie`k aupBogqw aus smyN sMquln iv`c huMdw hY jdoNauh AwpxI Awmdn Aqy bwzwr kImqW qo pRwpqsMquStI nMU AiDkqm kr lYNdw hY”[
sYimaUlsn(Samuleson)
do mu`K ivcwrDwrwvW ; (A)quStIgux ivSlySx (Utility Analysis)
(B) audwsIn vkr ivSlySx (Indifference Curve Analysis)2
(A)aupBogI dy sMquln dw quStIguxivSlySx
(Utility Analysis of Consumer’s Equilibrium)quStIgux /aupXoigqw dw ArQ;
vsqU jW syvw dw auh gux, ijhVw aupBogI dIloV nMU sMquSt krn dI SkqI r`Kdw [
“quStIgux iksy vsqU dI auh SkqI hY jo loVW dIsMquStI krdI hY”[ ihbfn
“quStIgux auh sMquStI hY ijs nMU koeIivAkqI aupBog dy PlsrUp pRwpq krdw hY”[
ilpsI3
iPSr ny quStIgux dy mwp dI iekweI vjoNXuitl (Util) Sbd dw pRXog kIqw[
4
quStIgux dIAWiksmW
sImWqquStIgux
ku`lquStIgux
sImWq quStIgux (Marginal Utility)iksy vsqU dI ie`k hor iekweI dy aupBognwl ku`l quStIgux iv`c jo pirvrqn AwauNdwhY [
∆TU
sImWq quStIgux = -----∆Q
sImWq quStIgux= TUn - TUn-1
(i)Dnwqmk (ii) isPr(iii) irxwqmk
5
ku`l quStIgux (Total Utility)iksy vsqU dIAW swrIAW iekweIAW qoN imlxvwly quStIgux dw joV [ku`l quStIgux= TU =MU1st+ MU2nd+ MU3rd+ MU4th+ MU5th
6
mwnqwvW (Asumptions)
1. ivcwrSIl aupBogqw (Rational consumer)
2.igxqIvwck aupXoigqw (Cardinal Utility)
3.suqMqr aupXoigqw (Independent Utility)
4.mudrw dI sImWq aupXoigqw siQr hY[5.rucIAW siQr[6.kImq Aqy Awmdn siQr[7.pUrn igAwn[8.vsqUAW vMfxSIl [
7
8
ku`l quStIgux Aqy sImWq quStIguxiv`c sbMD
nvpRMprwvwdI ArQSwsqrI jYvns(Jevnos)nyivAwiKAw kIqI[
ku`l quStIgux iksy vsqU dIAW iviBMn iekweIAWqoN pRwpq sImWq quStIgux dw joV ;
TU= ∑MU
ku`l quStIgux= TU5th =MU1st+ MU2nd+ MU3rd+ MU4th+ MU5th
9
mwqrw ku`lquStIgux
sImWqquuStIguxW
vrxn
0 0 0
Dnwqmk1 8 8-0 = 8
2 14 14-8 = 6
3 18 18-14 = 4
4 20 20-18 = 2
5 20 20- 20 = 0 isPr6 18 18-20 = - 2 irxwqmk
ku`l quStIgux Aqy sImWq quStIgux iv`c sbMD
10
8
14
18
20
Uti
lity
1 2 3 4 5
Quantity
F G
TU
Y
XO6
TOTAL UTILITY
11
2
4
6
8
Uti
lity
1 2 3 4 5
Quantity
MY
XO
-2
6
U
Marginal Utility
Zero
+ve
- ve
12
8
14
18
20
Uti
lity
1 2 3 4 5
Quantity
G
TU
Y A
O6
F
Quantity
Uti
lity
MU
2
4
6
8
O1 2 3 4 5 6
-2
X
X
B
mwqrw ku`lquStIgux
sImWqquuStIguxW
vrxn
0 0 0
Dnwqmk
1 8 8-0 = 8
2 14 14-8 = 6
3 18 18-14 = 4
4 20 20-18 = 2
5 20 20- 20 = 0 isPr
6 18 18-20 = - 2 irxwqmk
ku`l quStIgux (TU) Aqy sImWq quStIgux(MU) iv`c sbMD
(i)jdoN MU G`tdI hY qW TU G`tdI dr qy v`DdI hY[(ii)jdoN MU isPr huMdI hY qW TU AiDkqm huMdI hY[(iii)jdoN MU irxwqmk huMdI hY qW TU G`txw SurUkrdI hY[
do inXm;(i) G`tdy sImWq quStIgux dw inXm
(Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility)
(ii) sm-sImWq quStIgux dw inXm(Law of Equi-Marginal Utility)
13
14
(A) G`tdy sImWq quStIgux dw inXm(Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility)
gosn dw pihlw inXmlgwqwr iekweIAW dw aupBog krn nwlhryk vwDU iekweI qoN pRwpq quStIgux G`tdwjWdw hY[aupBogI aunIAW iekweIAW KrIddw jdoNvsqU dI sImWq iekweI dw quStIgux, kImqdy brwbr huMdw hY[
MU= Price
ieQy sMquln iv`c Aqy sMqStI AiDkqm huMdI
15
(B) sm-sImWq quStIgux dw inXm(Law of Equi- Marginal Utility)
jy aupBogI v`D qoN v`D sMquStI pRwpq krnwcwhuMdw hY ,auh AwpxI mudrw nMU v`KrIAWvsqW qy ies qrHW Krc krnw cwhIdw hY ikhr vsqu qy mudrw-Krc dw sImWq quStIguxbrwbr hovy[ v`D qoN v`D sMquStI dw inXm[ pRqIsQwpn dw inXm[ ( Law of Substitution)
16
G`tdy sImWq quStIgux dw inXm dI mh`qqw(Significance of Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility)
(i) aupBog dy inXmW dw AwDwr; mMg dw inXm, sm-sImWq aupXoigqw Aqy aupBogqw vwDw(Consumer surplus)[
(ii) aupBog Aqy auqpwdn iv`c iviBMnqw; auqpwdk vsqUAW dy ifzweIn, gux pYikMg iv`cpirvrqn leI mzbUr huMdy[
(iii) kr dw AwDwr; Awmdn vwDy nwl AmIrWiv`c Dn dI sImWq aupXoigqw Gtx lgdI [
17
G`tdy sImWq quStIgux dw inXm dI mh`qqw(Significance of Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility)
(iv)smwjvwd dw AwDwr; AmIr lokW pwsoN DngrIb lokW pws pirvrqn krn dw suJwA[
(v)mu`l inrDwrx; jy auqpwdk AiDk vsqUAWvycxw cwhuMdw qW kImq G`t krnI pvygI[
(vi)aupBogqw leI mh`qv: auh ie`k hI vsqU qyAiDk Krc nhIN krdw[
(vii)aupXoigqw mu`l Aqy vtWdrw mu`l iv`cAMqr; pwxI qy hIry dw AMqr[
aupBogqw dy sMquln dw inrDwrx(i)ie`k vsqU nwl (Single Commodity Case)(ii) do vsqUAW nwl (Two Commodity Case)
(i)ie`k vsqU nwl ;KrIdx leI kImq Adw krnI , iqAwg bdly kuJ aupXoigqw pRwpq
G`tdI sImWq aupXoigqw inXm Anuswr hrykvwDU iekweI dy aupBog qoN pRwpq hox vwlI sMquStIG`tdI jWdI hY[pr mudrw dI aupXoigqw siQr rihMdI hY[
18
aupBogqw dy sMquln dw inrDwrx
isAwxw aupBogI vsqU dw aupBog aus sImwq`k vDweygw, ijQy
AwKrI iekweI qoN pRwpq sImWq aupXoigqw,mudrw(kImq) dI sImWq aupXoigqw dy brwbr hovy[ieh sMquln dI AvsQw hovygI[
MU= Price
19
aupBogqw dy sMquln dw inrDwrx
20
vsqU AdIAW
iekweIAW
vsqU A
qoN pRwpqquStIgux
Adw kIqIkImq vjoNiqAwgI
aupXoigqw
quStIgux pRwpqI -iqAwgI aupXoigqw
iv`c AMqr
1 50 20 +302 40 20 +203 30 20 +104 20
(MUA)
20=(PA)
0
5 10 20 -10
21
10
20
30
50U
tili
ty
1 2 3 4 5
Quantity A
Y
XO 6
40
U
P
MU=Price
E
M
aupBogqw dy sMquln dw inrDwrx(ii) do vsqU nwl (Two Commodity Case) sImq Awmdn nMU ie`k qoN v`D vsqW qy Krckrdw hY[
do vsqW qoN pRwpq sImWq aupXoigqw dI qulnwkrdw hY[
aus qy Krc krdw jo v`D aupXoigqw idMdI hY[
sm-sImWq quStIgux dy inXm Anuswr sMqulniv`c hovygw jdoN dohW vsqW qoN pRwpq sImWqquStIgux brwbr hovygw[
22
aupBogqw dy sMquln dw inrDwrx(ii) do vsqU nwl (Two Commodity Case)
G`tdI sImWq aupXoigqw dy inXm Anuswr AiDkmwqrw iv`c vsqU dw aupBog krn nwl sImWqaupXoigqw G`tdI jWdI hyY [
aupBogqw vsqU dI KrId bMd kr idMdw hyY jdoNdUjI vsqU qoN sImWq aupXogqw G`t ho jWdI hY[
G`t sImWq aupXoigqw vwlI dI QW v`D sImWqaupXoigqw vwlI vsqU dw pRqIsQwpn krdw hY[
23
aupBogqw dy sMquln dw inrDwrx
24
Krc kIqyrupey
vsqU A qoNpRwpq sImWqquStIgux
MUA
vsqU B
qoN pRwpq sImWqquStIgux
MUB
1 14 122 12 103 10 84 8 6
5 6 4
25
1 2 4 5
Commodity
A
Uti
lity
M U
2
4
6
8
O12345 X
Commodity
B
14
10
12
3
M U of
A M U of
B
K
J ME H
F
G
L
X1
vsqU A dI sImWq aupXoigqw= vsqU B dIsImWq aupXoigqw =10 iekweIMUA = MUB = 10 Units
MUA = MUB = MU of Money
MUA MUB
---- = ----- = MU of Money
PA PB
26
pRIiKAw dy nzrIey qoN pRSnQ 1.ku`l aupXoigqw iks nMU ikhw jWdw hY?Q 2.sImWq aupXoigqw iks nMU ikhw jWdw hY?Q 3.ku`l aupXoigqw Aqy sImWq aupXoigqw iv`c
sbMD dw vrnx kro[ Q4.aupBogqw dy sMquln qoN kI Bwv hY?Q5.ie`k vsqU dy sbMD iv`c aupBogqw dy sMquln dI
ivAwiKAw kro[Q6.do vsqW dy sbMD iv`c aupBogqw dy sMquln dI
ivAwiKAw kro[Q7.G`tdI sImWq aupXoigqw dy inXm dI
ivAwiKAw kro[27
pRIiKAw dy nzrIey qoN pRSn
28
vrqIAWiekweIAW
ku`laupXoigqw
sImWqaupXoigqw
0 01 102 253 384 485 55
Q8.rwkyS dIku`l aupXoigqwsUcI hyTW id`qIgeI hY[aus dIsImWq aupBogqwpqw kro[
pRIiKAw dy nzrIey qoN pRSnau`qr;
29
vrqIAWiekweIAW
ku`l aupXogqw sImWq aupXogqw
0 0 01 10 10-0= 102 25 25-10= 153 38 38-25= 134 48 48-38= 105 55 55-48= 7
DMnvwd
pySkS ; bldyv isMG lYkcrwr ieknwimkss.s.s.s. huiSAwrpur
swihbzwdw AjIq isMG ngr[84270-04513
30