L. 2 Grammar. KO-SO-A-DO Ko = something that is close to the speaker So = something that is close to the listener A= something that is neither close to.

L. 2 Grammar

KO-SO-A-DO

• Ko = something that is close to the speaker

• So = something that is close to the listener

• A= something that is neither close to the speaker nor the listener

• Do = question

Kore-Sore-Are-Dore

• Kore = this thing here

• Sore= that thing in front of you

• Are= that one over there

• Dore = which one?

Kore this one

Sorethat one

AreThat one over there

Dore

Which one?

Kore-Sore-Are-Dore

• Kore wa Takeshi-san no pen desu.

• Sore wa Mearii-san no pen desu.

• Are wa Suu-san no pen desu.

• Dore GA Robaato-san no pen desu ka.

Kore-Sore-Are-Dore

• Takeshi-san no pen wa kore desu.

• Mearii-san no pen wa sore desu.

• Suu-san no pen wa are desu.

• Robaato-san no pen wa DORE desu ka.

(Thing) wa DORE desu ka.

1. Newspaper

2. Umbrella

3. Computer

4. TV

5. Pen

6. Pencil

7. Japanese book

8. Notebook

Kore-Sore

• Q: Sore wa nan desu ka.

• A: Kore wa pen desu.

Kore-Sore

Q: Kore wa nan desu ka.

A: Sore wa pen desu.

Kono-Sono-Ano-Dono

• Kono + Noun = this Noun

• Sono + Noun= that Noun in front of you

• Ano + Noun = that Noun over there

• Dono + Noun = which Noun?

Kono + Noun

• Kono pen wa Mearii-san no pen desu.

• Kono pen wa 50-en desu.

Sono + Noun

• Sono hon wa Suzuki-san no hon desu.

• Sono hon wa 500-en desu.

Ano + Noun

• Ano kutsu wa Tanaka-san no kutsu desu.

• Ano kutsu wa 10000-en desu.

Kono-Sono

• A: Sono pen wa IKURA desu ka.

• B: Kono pen wa 50-en desu.

AB

Kono-Sono

A: Kono pen wa IKURA desu ka.

B: Sono pen wa 50-en desu.

A

Koko-Soko-Asoko-Doko

• Koko = here, this place

• Soko = there (near you), that place

• Asoko = over there, that place over there

• Doko = where?

• Ginkoo WA Koko desu.

• Ginkoo WA Soko desu.

• Ginkoo WA Asoko desu.

• Ginkoo WA Doko desu ka.

Koko-Soko-Asoko-Doko

___ wa doko desu ka. 1. Ginkoo

2. Yuubinkyoku

3. Kissaten

4. Resutoran (Restaurant)

5. Toshokan

6. Depaato (Department store)

7. Honya

8. CDya

How much?How much?

Pen

Kore

WA

WA

50-en

100-en

Desu.

Desu.

Pen

Kore

WA

WA

IKURA

IKURA

desu

desu

KA.

KA.

Who? = DAREKore wa dare desu ka.

“N 1 NO N2” in a WH question TopicTopic Noun PhraseNoun Phrase

N Prtcl N1 Prtcl N 2 Copula Verb

Kore WA Mearii-san NO Kasa desu.

TopicTopic Noun PhraseNoun Phrase

N Prtcl N1 Prtcl N 2 Copula Verb

Prtcl

Kore WA Dare NO Kasa desu Ka.

TopicTopic CommentComment

Noun 1 Particle Noun 2 Copula Verb

Toyota-san WA Daigakusei Desu.

TopicTopic CommentComment

Noun 1 Particle Noun 2 Copula Verb

Honda-san MO Daigakusei desu.

Sentence # 1

Sentence 2

Particle MO = Also/ as well

Affirmative

TopicTopic CommentComment

Noun Particle Noun Copula Verb

Watashi

わたしWA

はNihon-jin

にほんじんdesu.

です。

Negative SentencesNegative Sentences

TopicTopic CommentComment

Noun Particle Noun Copula Verb

Mearii-san

メアリーさん

WA

はNihon-jin

にほんじん

Ja arimasen.

じゃありません。Ja nai desu.

じゃないです。

Question Marker -KA

TopicTopic CommentComment

Noun 1 Particle Noun 2 Copula Verb

Sentence Particle

Toyota-san

とよたさんWA

はDaigakusei

だいがくせい

desu.

です。KA

か。

Is Toyota-san a college student?

Negative AnswerNegative Answer

Noun 1 Particle Noun 2 Copula Verb

Iie, (Toyota-san WA) Daigakusei

Daigakusei

Daigakuinsei

Ja arimasen.

Ja nai desu.

desu.

No, (she is) not a college student.

No, (she is) a high school student.

(Thing) o kudasai.

(Thing) o onegaishimasu.