IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency RADIATION PROTECTION IN DIAGNOSTIC AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY Part 15.1: Optimization of protection in radiography Practical exercise IAEA Training Material on Radiation Protection in Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology
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IAEAInternational Atomic Energy Agency
RADIATION PROTECTION INDIAGNOSTIC AND
INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY
Part 15.1: Optimization of protection in radiography
Practical exercise
IAEA Training Material on Radiation Protection in Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology
IAEA 15.1: Optimization of protection in radiography 2
Overview / Objectives
• Subject matter : quality control of general radiography system
• Step by step procedure to be followed to implement the considered QC test:• kVp Accuracy and Reproducibility
• Interpretation of results
IAEAInternational Atomic Energy Agency
Part 15.1 : Optimization of protection in radiography
kVp measurement (Accuracy and Reproducibility)
IAEA Training Material on Radiation Protection in Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology
IAEA 15.1: Optimization of protection in radiography 4
kVp measurement
Purpose :• Image quality and patient dose are dependent
on any variation in the generator kilovoltage (kV) of the x-ray set. Therefore an accurate kV calibration is required.
• A non-invasive tube voltage check over the whole used kV-range should be performed
Equipment :• An electronic device (like multi-function meter)
to measure : kVp, time, dose.
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Multi-Function Meters
IAEA 15.1: Optimization of protection in radiography 6
Ion Chamber Dosemeters
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kVp Accuracy
• Before making measurements, one must understand what “kVp” means
• There are 3 definitions of kV, only one is commonly used
• CAUTION : some mobile x-ray units use a capacitor, and the kVp decreases during the exposure
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kVp Definitions
IAEA 15.1: Optimization of protection in radiography 9
kVp Accuracy
Method :• set meter at about 100 cm from focus or as
prescribed by the manufacturer
• set ~ 20 mAs
• measure kVp from about 60 - 120 kVp (eg. 60, 70, 80 100, 120)
• calculate error between set and measured value
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kVp Accuracy
Analysis :• The difference between set and observed kVp
should be within 5%
Frequency :• acceptance
• tube change, generator maintenance
• annual
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kVp Reproducibility
• This test checks that the kVp will stay the same from exposure to exposure
Method :• same setup, but at fixed 70 kVp set
• perform 5 exposures (be careful of tube !)
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kVp Reproducibility
Analysis :• calculate coefficient of variation (CV)
• CV = (standard deviation/mean) of the 5 readings
• CV must be less than 2%
Frequency :• as for accuracy
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kVp Reproducibility
Further test :• older x-ray units may have a mechanical
selector for kVp
• test this by moving the kVp dial up, down, then back to 70 before each exposure