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Dates Palm Project

Scientific Name : Phoenix dactylifera Linn .Family Name      : PalmaeCommon Name   : Date Palm

Bottanical Traits Date palm trees contain single trunks (with occasional shoots)Trunk:  30 50Between – centimeters in circumference  and up to 30 meters in heightLeaves: FFFFFFF-FFFF FFFFFF F FFF FFFFFFFFF a nd sharp tips of a waxy bronze colourFlowers:  Flower clusters sprouting from the base of leavesFruits  : Oval shaped and yellowish-orange in colour, turning light brown   to dark brown when fully ripe . Ripening stages divided into 4 phases :  young date, fully mature date, ripe date, dried date

First Date Palms developed for fresh consumption, made possible in Thailand. Date palms are one of the many plants in the diverse palm family, originally found in the middle-eastern regions of Northern Africa, both as single trunks and clusters. The trunks grow to about 30 meters heightwith circumferences of between 30 – 50 cm. Flower clusters sprout from the base of leaves, with each trunk consisting of approximately 40 – 60 leave stems. The leaves can measure up to 30 – 50 centimetersand are shaped much like feathers while subsidiary leaves sprout in all directions. Date palms are commonly bred through the planting of seeds or shoots, producing rather slow developments. Thai date palms are often planted for gardening and ornamental purposes, with spade-shaped fruits of about 2 – 4 centimeters.

Ripe date palms mature from yellow to an orange colour and while edible, are not commonly consumed as the fruits are small and astringentin taste. The fruits distributed in department stores are preserved or processed date palms with an extremely sweet taste,often imported from abroad, with high prices of approximately 500 – 600 baht per kilogram,highest in quality being imported from Israel.

Khun Sak Lumjuan the agriculturalist and owner of “Date Farm” farm, located in Thailand, briefly outlined that after graduating as the 36th class from Maejo University and beginning his career in retail as the owner of a distribution outlet of agricultural tools, he began to think that date palms, commonly grown for ornamental purposes, should also be freshly consumed or processed as done abroad. With that thought, he began planting date palms, starting with 30 trees, planted in plots with a distance of 8 x 8 meters.

Receiving advice from Professor Nutthawut Pasayawan, the Director of the Office of Biotechnological Research and Development within the Department of Agriculture. Professor Pasayawan provided guidelines on new breeding methods that would aid in the pollination of the female flower by placing the male pollen inside a plastic bag and refrigerating it until the female flower has fully matured before covering the female flower with the plastic bag in which the male pollen has been stored. This process aids in the production of numerous date palm fruits which.When fully mature, can be used for further breeding, gaining ideal breeding plants to be used for phase 2. Date palms planted in phase 2 produce fruits that have various beneficial qualities and are easy to plant, much like coconuts. To enable rapid development, the plot in which the date palm is to be planted should be lined with manure and compost or organic fertilizers, avoiding humid and soggy areas,

and providing a moderate amount of water with only a slight increase during periods of drought.The leaves of these date palm trees are of a whiter colour than ornamental date palms and when positioned in direct sunlight or light, the leave will turn an illuminated white. In comparison to the planting of date palms abroad, the total amount of time from planting to fruition is 3 years,whereas elsewhere it is said to take up to 7 years. Aside from the ability to provide fruits 2 times annually, there have been no recorded instances of infestations of pestsor diseases. The first harvest is towards the end of January while the second harvest is in early July, whereasdate palms planted abroad can only be harvested once a year.

The date palms are produced in large quantities with large fruits, lots of flesh, and small seeds . When mature, the fruits turn a dark yellow and can be consumed, once the flesh is soft and crisp, without removing the skin. Ripe date palms turn brown and experience an increase in sweetness, measured at approximately 17-20 Brix. If stored at around 8 degrees Celsius, the fruits can be kept for up to 1 year without being preserved. Aside from being able to freshly consume date palms, these fruits also contain qualities that aid in the reduction of thirst and dehydration, as well as the reduction of phlegm. Current developments have been coordinated with the Department of Agriculture to certify this date palm as a species and as an organic plant species that contains no chemicals and pesticides, in hopes that the stability and characteristics of this species may enable further reproduction through means of tissue cultivation.

Research InformationThai Date PalmsPlanting – Dig a 50 x 50 centimeter hole and line the bottom with manure or compost. Planting at 8 x 8 meter intervals will get 25 plants per rai. Date palms do not like excessively wet or damp areas.

Care and Maintenance – Date palms should be watered approximately every 5-7 days, or according to the dampness of soil. Quality date palms should be given sufficient water at a consistent rate.

Fertilizer – The use of manure will result in 1-2 kilograms of produce, twice a year, per tree; together with proper maintenance of soil and eradication of weeds surrounding each plant.

Trimming – Aged leaves of date palms tend to get dry and it is recommended that they are cut off to aid in the maintenance of plants, keeping it clean and reducing any possible problems that may arise from pests and insects, although date palms generally have very few problems with pests.

Harvesting – Based on the color of the date palm, fruits can be harvested when they have turned a dark yellow. The fruits are oval in shape and grow in bunches or clusters with 4 developmental phases consisting of unripe, mature, ripe, and dried, with the entire 4 periods from flowering to harvesting lasting between 7-8 months.

Storage – Ripe date palms stored at 8 degrees Celsius can be kept for 1 year.

PollinationIn collecting male pollen, male plants flower before femaleplants and can be noticed when the blossom or spedix begins to protrude. When the blossom breaks open, within will be the flower with jagged petals. Cover the flower with a plastic bag and shake, the pollen will disperse inside the bag. Remove excess air within the bag,close and seal the bag and refrigerate.

NUTRITIONAL  INFORMATION

  (Average Nutrition Value per 100 grams) ENERGY CALORIES............349

GLUCOSE...........................48.5gFRUCTOSE........................35.5gCARBOHYDRATES...........87.4gPROTEIN.............................2.37gFAT.......................................0.43gPOTASSIUM....................667 mgCALCIUM...........................52 mgMAGNESIUM.....................50 mgPHOSPHORUS................60 mgSODIUM.............................12 mgIRON..................................1.2 mgVITAMINS....B1, B2, B6 and B12

Dates 3000 calories/kgBananas 970 calories/kgApricots 520 calories/kgOranges 480 calories/kg

Middle East AsiaAsia

Middle East Asia

Farm In Thailand

Investment and Return Period

Investment: 1 date tree price RM300 delivery cost included. 1 acre approximately can plant 62 date trees (25 trees per rai). 1 acre cost to invest RM18,600

Return Calculation: price of 1 kg for fresh date about RM15-RM25 >> 1 date tree can produce 20-50 kg

so 1 acre can produce approximately 1,240 kg x 2 (twice a year)= 2,480 kgtake: 2,480 kg x RM15 = RM37,200 a year

Harvest Period: 3 yearsFertilizer: twice a yearDate tree live: 80-90 years

Contact Info:

Contact Person: MD FADZILAH, 012 4980 894, [email protected] ITHNIN, 019 2141 222, [email protected]