Tide gauge measurements and analysis ofT ide gauge measurements and analysi s ofthe Indian Ocean tsunami on the Pacific the Indian Ocean tsunami on the Pacific coast of South America coast of South America A.B. Rabinovich A.B. Rabinovich 1,2 1, 2 and R.E. Thomson and R.E. Thomson 1 1 1 Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, B.C. Canada 2 P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, Russia
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Tide gauge measurements and analysis of Tide gauge measurements and analysis of the Indian Ocean tsunami on the Pacificthe Indian Ocean tsunami on the Pacific
coast of South Americacoast of South AmericaA.B. RabinovichA.B. Rabinovich1,21,
2 and R.E. Thomsonand R.E. Thomson11
1 Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, B.C. Canada2
P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, Russia
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>
-2 m
G a u g e c o a s t a l
h e i g h t s
M o d e
la m p l i t u d e
7 0c m
6 05 04 03 02 01 00
0 . 0 5 m
Maximum tsunami amplitudes computed by V.V. Titov (PMEL/NOAA)
Tsunami of the December 26, 2004Tsunami of the December 26, 2004
recorded in the World Oceanrecorded in the World Ocean
[Titov et al., Science, 2005]
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MOST model of the December 26, 2005 tsunami
Numerical model by V.V. Titov (PMEL/NOAA)
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Location of tide gauge stations on the coast of South America
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Station Name Sampling
Interval
Train Wave
Height
(cm) Wave
period
(min) Tsunami
arrival time
(27/12) Tsunami travel
time
Baltra I., Galapagos Is.,
Equador
2 1st
2nd
14
36
34
41
06:26
11:04
29h 27min
34h 05min
Callao, Peru 2 1st
2nd
20
68
38
36
05:49
08:23
28h 50min
31h 24min
Arica, Chile 2 1st
2nd
25.5
72
46
39
04:02
08:28
27h 03min
31h 29min
Iquique, Chile 2 1st
2nd
13
24.5
50
14;37
03:35
09:45
26h 36min
32h 46min
Antofagasta, Chile 2 1st
2nd
7.5
27.5
46
44
03:25
10:25
26h 26min
33h 26min
Caldera, Chile 2 1st
2nd
13
22
31
16.5
03:16
06:46
26h 17min
29h 47min
Coquimbo, Chile 2 1st
2nd
20.5
36
33
34.5
01:53
07:39
24h 54min
30h 40min
Valpraiso, Chile 2 1st
2nd
8.5
18
32
36.5
01:04
05:10
24h 05min
28h 11min
San Antonio, Chile 2 1st
2nd
8.5
15
50
54
~00:12
~11:12
~23h 13min
~34h 13min
Talcahuano, Chile 2 1st
2nd
24
43
33
irregular
01:35
09:49
24h 36min
32h 50min
Corral, Chile 2 1st
2nd
19
29
34
36
01:49
06:11
24h 50min
29h 12min
Punta Corona, Chile 2 1st <5 ~20 01:45 24h 45min
2004 Sumatra tsunami: Observed wave parameters
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The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami recordson the Pacific coast of South America
(1) Long ringing (>2 days)
(2) Slow energy decay
(3) Unclear first arrival
(4) “Train” structure
(5) Maximum waves in 8-30 hrs after
the first arrival (in the second or
third train)
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The 2004 tsunami as recorded in theIndian Ocean
2 0 0 c m
December 2004
S e a l e v e l
E
Port Louis (2 m in)
Lamu (4 min)
Pointe LaRue (4 min)
Salalah (4 min)
Zanzibar (4 min)
06 12 18
West Indian Ocean
2 0 0 c m
Hanimaadhoo (2 min)
Male (4 min)
Gan (4 min)
Colombo (2 min)
Cocos (1 min)
Diego Garcia (6 min)
December 2004
S e a l e v e l
E
06 12 18
Central and East Indian Ocean
(1) Relatively short ringing
(1-1.5 days)
(3) Maximum waves are in the
very beginning
(4) Fast amplitude decay(2) First arrival is abrupt and clear
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S e v e r o K u r i l s k
2
0
c
m
T A T
D e c e m b e r 2 0 0 4
E
A d a k I . ( A K )
T s u n a m i
S
e
a
le
v
e
l
( R u s s i a )
S a n d P o i n t ( A K )
D u t c h H a r b o r ( A K )
K o d i a k I . ( A K )
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
A t m o s p h e r i c a l l y -i n d u c e d s e i c h e s
1.1. The 2004 Sumatra tsunami was the first global-The 2004 Sumatra tsunami was the first global-scale tsunami in the “instrumental era” and it wasscale tsunami in the “instrumental era” and it was
observed throughout the World Ocean, includingobserved throughout the World Ocean, including
the North Pacific, North Atlantic and Antarcticthe North Pacific, North Atlantic and Antarctic