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Sistema Otot dan Tendon

TIK:-dapat mendiagnosa secara

morfologik perubahan pada ototdan tendon.

-mampu menyebutkan contoh2

penyakit penting yangmenimbulkan lesi khas pada otot

dan tendon.

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Untuk diagnosis morfologik

Interpretasi Proses 

Radang NonRadang

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Sifat: supuratif/purulen, granulomatosa,pyogranulomatosa, kaseosa, ulseratif, fibrinosa, fibrosa,nekrotikan, edematosaDurasi:

akut vs. kronik (opsi lain seperti perakut (sangatawal) & subakut (antara akut & kronik)Distribusi: difusa, fokal, multifokal, miliary , segmental,disseminasi, localKeparahan: minimal, ringan (mild ), sedang (moderate),berat (severe). Dalam konteks kuliah ini, kita hanya pakairingan & BeratLokasi: cranioventral, kanan/kiri, proksimal, distal,bilateral, unilateral, sentral, peripheral

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Introduction

PENDAHULUAN

SERABUT OTOT

1. SARKOLEMAmembrane that covers

smooth, striated, andcardiac muscle fibers

2. SARKOPLASMAis the cytoplasm of amuscle fibre

3. INTI

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Three types

1. Skeletal muscle or "voluntary muscle" is anchored bytendons to bone.

2. Smooth muscle or "involuntary muscle" is found

within the walls of organs and structures such as the

esophagus, stomach, intestines, bronchi, uterus, urethra,bladder , and blood vessels,.

3. Cardiac muscle is also an "involuntary muscle"

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REAKSI UMUM

• ATROFI

•

HIPERTROFI• DEGENERASI

• NEKROSIS

• RADANG

• Rigor mortis

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Specific diseases

• Tetanus

• Gas gangrene

•

Myoglobinuria• White muscle disease

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Clostridia

Menghasilkan toksin:

 Alpha, beta, epsilon, iota

Toksin tsb menyebabkan

kerusakan lokal maupunsistemik pada otot

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Mekanisme

• Vasokonstriksi

• Meningkatkan

permeabilitas vascular• Hemolisis

•Nekrosis jaringan

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TETANUS

• C. tetani is an anaerobic bacterium, it will

thrive in an environment that lacks oxygen .

• It is found in animal feces (which is rather

abundant in a stable).

•  and the puncture wound effectively create

an ideal breeding ground for the bacteria

(because of the lack of oxygen)

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Gejala Klinis

• Spasmus otot rahang...lockjaw

• Kesulitan menelan

• Kekakuan otot di seluruh tubuh

• Gejala muncul akibat bakteri

menghasilkan neurotoxin tetanospasmin 

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Gas gangrene

• Myositis nekrotikan.

• Disebabkan oleh Clostridium 

species.• Gejala khas; myonecrosis secara

cepat, terbentuk gas serta sepsis.

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Gas gangrene

.Dua tipe

• Traumatik

• SpontanEksotoksin menghidrolisis

membran sel sehingga

terjadi nekrosis otot

• Traumatik

• Akibat

inokulasi

langsungbakteri pada

luka yang

anaerob.• 80-85%

Clostridium

 perfringens

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Spontan gas gangrene

• Penyebaran bakteri secaraspontan scr hematogen darimukosa GIT.

• Bakteri masuk pembuluh darahlewat luka kecil di mukosa GiT

• Clostridium septicum 

Note. Bakteri ini dapat menginfeksi

 jaringan normal.

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White muscle disease

• Striated and cardiac muscle

• Sudden death if occur in cardiac muscle

•

Calf,lamb and chicken• Causa;Vit E (a tocopherol)deficiency

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MYOGLOBINURIA

• The presence of myoglobin in urine

(Myoglobin as a reserve of O2,in muscle)

•

 Associated with muscle destruction• Very populer in horse in Europe after

resting time

•

Other causa;trauma,vascularproblem,venom

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 Azoturia

•  Paralytic myoglobinuria

• Black water Disease,

•

Rhabdomyolysis• Monday Morning disease

• Tying Up Syndrome,

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 Azoturia

• Traditionally Azoturia was known as

"Monday Morning Disease"  as it would

occur in working horses following a day's

rest on Sunday.

•  Azoturia is also known as "tying up" -

especially in racing circles.

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She assesses the horse  – and quickly

diagnoses azoturia 

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Signs of Death:

Pallor mortis

Algor mortis

Rigor mortis

Livor mortis

Decomposition

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Pallor mortis

• Pallor = kepucatan

•  15 –120 minutes after the death

•

because of a lack of capillary circulationthroughout the body.

•  Paleness develops so rapidly after death

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 Algor mortis

• algor —coolness; mortis—of death) is the

reduction in body temperature following

death.

• although external factors can have a

significant influence.

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Rigor mortis

• Rigor mor t is  is one of the recognizable

signs of death (Latin mors, mortis) that is

caused by a chemical change in the

muscles after death, causing the limbs ofthe corpse to become stiff (Latin rigor ) and

difficult to move or manipulate

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Livor mortis

• Livor = bluish color, mortis—of death)

• is a settling of the blood in the lower (dependent)portion of the body, causing a purplish reddiscoloration of the skin: when the heart is nolonger agitating the blood, heavy red blood cellssink through the serum by action of gravity. Thisdiscoloration does not occur in the areas of thebody that are in contact with the ground or

another object, as the capillaries arecompressed

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Tendon

Imflamasi dan

Traumatik

• Tendonitis (alsotenonitis or tendinitis) isan inflammation of atendon.

•  Achilles tendonitisis acommon injury,

particularly in sports that

involve lunging and

 jumping.•  A veterinary equivalent to

 Achilles tendonitis

common in racing horse.

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Tendon

Traumatik

• Chronic overuse of

tendons leads tomicroscopic tears withinthe collagen matrix, whichgradually weakens thetissue.

• .

• Swelling in a region of

microdamage or partial

tear can be detected

visually or by palpation• Increased water content

and disorganised

collagen matrix in tendon

lesions may be detectedby ultrasonography or

magnetic resonance

imaging.