Kuliah i Epithelium

7/29/2019 Kuliah i Epithelium

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JARINGAN

BYARUM SETIAWAN,

M.Si.

YUANITA WINDUSARI, M.Si.


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Hierarchy of

organization

Atoms

Molecules

Cells

Tissues

OrgansOrgan systems

Organism


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Tissues are the fundamental units of organs and

organ systems.


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organ systems.


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organ systems.


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organ systems.


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Histology is the study of tissues.

A tissue is a group of cells and intercellular

materials that have a similar developmental origin,

structure, and function.

Tissues

Loose connective tissue


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Know the structure and be able to

identify it from a slide.

Know the function.

Know location in the body it is likely

to be found.

Know any special attributes of thattissue.

What you should know about a tissue


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1. Identify where the lumen (space)is in the image if you can.

2. Identify where the basementmembrane is in the image is you

can. The basement membrane iswhere the tissue stops.

3. Look at how many layers of cellsthere are. (1)

4. Look at the shape of the cells

closest to the lumen. (long)

5. Look for otherspecial features ofthe tissue.

6. Give the tissue a complete name.

How to start identifying a tissue image.


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An important thing to remember when looking

under the microscope

To prepare tissue slides, scientists

must slice through the tissue. They

can slice in different ways.

Cross section Longitudinal section


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Epithelial Tissue (Epithelium) = COVERING

functions include protection, absorption, filtration, and secretion.

Connective Tissue = SUPPORT

functions include protecting, supporting, binding together tissues, separating,

storing energy, transporting materials.

Muscle Tissue = MOVEMENT

functions in the movement of the skeleton, pumping of the heart and the

movement of food.

Nervous Tissue = CONTROLLING

send electrical signals through the body, thus forming a communication

system through the body.

There are four basic tissue types.


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Four Tissue Types:

1 2 3

4


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Sheets of cells

Cells fit closely together to form continuous sheets and are

bound together at many points by cell junctions.

Cells have one free surface or edge. This apical surface isexposed to the bodys exterior or to a cavity (the lumen)

The lower cell surface rests on a basement membrane, a

structureless material secreted by the cells.

These tissues are avascular, meaning that they have noblood supply and depend on diffusion from capillaries in

the underlying connective tissue

If well nourished, they can regenerate easily.

Characteristics of the epithelium


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apical surface

of cells near

lumen

basement

membrane


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Cell Junctions

Desmosome: binding spots between

cells with proteins called cadherins

Tight junctions: impermeable

E.g. gut tube, doesnt let enzymes from

gut into blood stream

Gap junctions: tubes that let small

molecules pass between cells


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Features ofApical Surface of

Epithelium

Microvilli:(ex) in small intestine

Finger-like extensions of the plasma membraneof apical epithelial cell

Increase surface area for absorption Cilia: (ex) respiratory tubes

Whip-like, motile extensions

Moves mucus, etc. over epithelial surface 1-way Flagella:(ex) spermatoza

Extra long cilia

Moves cell


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Features ofLateral Surface of

Epithelium

Cells are connected to neighboring cells via:

Proteins-link cells together, interdigitate

Contour of cells-wavy contour fits together

Cell Junctions

Desmosomes-adhesive spots on lateral sides

Tight Junctions-at apical area, plasma membrane of

adjacent cells fuse, nothing passesGap junction-spot-like junction occurring anywhere, lets

small molecules pass


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Features of the Basal Surface of

Epithelium

Basal lamina: supportive sheet between

epithelium and underlying connective tissue

Selective filter

Basement membrane = basal lamina plus

underlying reticular fiber layer

Attaches epithelium to connective tissue below

Sometimes the two are used interchangeably


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Name that Epithelial Feature!(name and location on cell)

Cilia

Tight junction

MicrovilliBasement

membrane

2

3

4

1

3

1

2

4


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Number of Layers:

Simple single layer

Stratified multiple-layered

Pseudostratified only

appears to be multi-layered



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Cell Shape:


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ROLE OF EPITHELIA

Protection.

Skin

Absorption.

GI

Filtration.

Kidney

Secretion.

Glands

Sensory

Perception.Excretion.

Kidney & GI

Skin, GI


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Simple: just one

layer or cellshape

Stratified:

multiple layersand cell shapes

Classes of Epithelia


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Simple Epithelia

Type Cell shape Example

Squamous Squashed Endothelium (lines bloodvessels), mesothelium

(serous lining of celom)

Cuboidal Cubed Walls of glands

Columnar Columns Lining of gut tube;sometimes with cilia like

lining of uterine tube

Pseudo-stratified Flat cells give rise

to columns

With cilia in respiratory

tubes to move

mucous/particles out of

lungs


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1. Simple Squamous Epithelium2. Stratified Squamous Epithelium

3. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

4. Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

5. Simple Columnar Epithelium

6. Stratified Columnar Epithelium

7. Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

8. Transitional Epithelium

Types of Epithelium


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Simple squamousEpithelium linesalveoli in lungs.

Simple cuboidalEpitheliumForms tubes inkidneys.

Simple columnarEpithelium lines

the intestine.

StratifiedsquamousEpithelium linesthe esophagus.

Epithelium is found everywhere.


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Squamous Epithelium

Cells very thin, much wider than theyare thick.

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Air sacs of respiratoryLining of blood vessels, heart and lymphatictubes

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

SkinVagina

Esophagus

Mouth


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Thin and leaky

Good for exchange of materials by

diffusion

Blood vessels

Alveoli

Simple squamous epithelium


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Examples of Simple Squamous

Epithelium


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Simple squamous epithelium

These are the same tissue. Why do they look so different?


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Regenerates rapidly by division of cells at

its attached surface

New cells move toward the free surface;

older cells slough off

Suited for covering and lining surfaces

subject to abrasion

2 typesnonkeratinized and keratinizedkeratin is a strong, fibrous protein

Stratified squamous epithelium


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Stratified Squamous Epithelium


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Stratified squamous epithelium


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Simple Cuboidal epithelium

Secretion, absorption, protection

Ducts of many glands, covering of ovary,

form kidney tubulesStratified Cuboidal epithelium

Secretion, absorption

Lines ducts of sweat glands.

Cuboidal epithelium


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Cuboidal Epithelium

Cells cube shaped- secretion andabsorption.

Kidney tubules

Duct and small glands

Surface of ovary


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Cuboidal epithelium

Kidney section


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Columnar Epithelium

Elongated cells, much longer than they

are wide.

Simple Columnar EpitheliumA single layer of cells that line the digestive tract,

gallbladder and excretory ducts of some glands.

Has microvilli at surface for absorption.

Pseudostratified ciliated columnarepithelium

Lines the bronchi, trachea, uterine tubes and

some of the uterus. Propels mucus or

reproductive cells by ciliary action.


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Simple columnar epithelium

Transportation, absorption, secretion,

protection

Large surface area

Lines much of the digestive tract, gall bladder, and

large ducts of glands

May have a brush borderofmicrovilli

May be ciliated uterus, small bronchi, and

paranasal sinuses.


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Simple Columnar epithelium


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Simple columnar epithelium

Brush border Cilia


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Goblet Cell

secreting

mucous

Cilia


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Surface cells are columnar

Secretion, absorption, protection

Some large excretory ducts, portions of themale urethra

No cilia

Not common

Stratified columnar epithelium


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Surface cells are columnar

Secretion, absorption, lubrication, protection,

transportationLines most of trachea, primary bronchi,epididymis and ductus deferens, nasal cavity,male urethra, large excretory ducts.

Usually ciliated.

May contain goblet cells, which secretemucous

Pseudostratified columnar

epithelium

P d t tifi d Cili t d


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Pseudostratified Ciliated

Columnar Epithelium


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Pseudostratified columnar

epithelium

trachea


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Surface cells are dome-shaped whenrelaxes but flattened when streched.

Protection, distensible

Lines urinary tract

Transitional epithelium


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Transitional epithelium

Distended bladder


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Can You Identify the Classes

of Epithelium?

A B

C

D

EQuiz!!

Kuliah i Epithelium

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