K.U. Leuven Future Physics with Future Physics with EURISOL EURISOL Piet Van Duppen Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica K.U. Leuven, Belgium • EURISOL town meeting CERN, Geneva, November 2006 Experimentalists look to the (recent) past to learn about future: • evolution of the physics questions/cases driving the RIB research • examples of recent RIB experiments as a basis of what can be expected An observation: 1966, one of the “mothers” of the chart of nuclide chart of nuclide
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K.U. Leuven Future Physics with EURISOL Piet Van Duppen Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica K.U. Leuven, Belgium EURISOL town meeting CERN, Geneva,
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K.U. Leuven
Future Physics with Future Physics with EURISOLEURISOL
Piet Van DuppenInstituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica
K.U. Leuven, Belgium
• EURISOL town meeting CERN, Geneva, November 2006
Experimentalists look to the (recent) past to learn about future:
• evolution of the physics questions/cases driving the RIB research
• examples of recent RIB experiments as a basis of what can be expected
An observation:1966, one of the “mothers” of the chart of nuclidechart of nuclide
K.U. Leuven
I. Bergström: “Introduction to the Lysekill Symposium”, 1966B. Rudstam, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. 38 (1965) 282
19661966
Neutron number
Pro
ton
num
ber
~~20002000
• Increase in the understanding of the atomic nucleus or nucleosynthesis since 1966 is far more compared to the increase of the number of discovered isotopes
• Progress in producing RIB is substantial but a wide region remains unexplored• will certainly intrude in this “terra incognita”
• increase in intensity by one to three orders of magnitude is expectedthis corresponds to one to three isotopes further out of stability
• Intertwined theoreticaltheoretical and experimentalexperimental activities• better quality beams (purity, intensity, ion optical properties, time properties)• production and study of “critical” nuclei• novel instrumentation (detection systems, separators, spectrometers,...)
due
to
• The physics outcome of will be far more than what might be concluded from the number of new isotopes that will be discovered.
K.U. Leuven
under revision
under revision
The physics questions for nuclear-physics researchThe physics questions for RIB research
K.U. Leuven
• What are the limits for the existence of nuclei?• How does the nuclear force depend on the proton-to-neutron ratio?• How can collective phenomena be explained from individual motion?• Is it possible to explain complex nuclei on the basis of simple building blocks?• What is the origin of the elements?• ….
Production, study and use of atomic nuclei with extreme proton-to-neutron ratio:
EXOTIC NUCLEIEXOTIC NUCLEI
European Separator On-LineRadioactive Nuclear Beam Facility
K.U. Leuven
The HIE – ISOLDEPhysics Report
to be published2007
““the physics cases”the physics cases”
K.U. Leuven
More Specific Physics QuestionsMore Specific Physics Questions
• Evolution of shells:• single-particle properties, specific components of the residual interaction, correlations,...
• Shapes:• individual versus collective nucleon behavior, shape coexistence, shape-phase transitions/critical point symmetries, giant resonances,...
• Isospin symmetry• Limits of existence of nuclei:
• halo’s and skins, neutron- and proton drip line, the heaviest elements• exotic decay modes (e.g. two-proton decay, neutron radioactivity)
• Nuclei at very high spins, extreme density and temperatures• study of the nuclear equation of state by varying the N/Z ratio: isospin degree of freedom
• Fundamental symmetries and interactions• -decay probes
cases are well established, but probably the physics
are well established, but probably the physics
cases will evolve.
cases will evolve.
• Experience learns that
Experience learns that surprises
surprises will show up and experim
ents will be
will show up and experim
ents will be
perform
ed beyond our imagination.
perform
ed beyond our imagination.
K.U. Leuven
“Physics with radioactive beams” W. Nazarewicz,- Nuclear Physics News, 6 (1996) 17
Mother of the Nuclear Chart with Physics BulletsMother of the Nuclear Chart with Physics Bullets
A subjective choice of examples of what has been achieved over the last 5 years at ISOL facilities as a
glimpse of what the“Future PhysicsFuture Physics” at might look like
(overlap with the talk of Rauno Julin and others yesterday)
19961996
K.U. Leuven
106
103
100
10-3
10-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
JYFL COOL
CPT
ESR SMS
ISOLTRAP
ESRIMS
MISTRAL
CSS2
SPEG
rela
tive
unce
rtai
nty
half life (seconds)
D. Lunney,- Rev. Mod. Phys. 75, 1021 (2003)
half life (seconds)
Time-of-Flight
TOF Schottky
RF-Spectrometer
Penning Trap
TOF Isochronous
LEBIT
Mass measurementsMass measurements at ISOL facilities and In-Flight facilities
• mass measurements with higher precision (for “critical” nuclei) and of isotopes with shorter half-lives (test of mass models for a more reliable extrapolation towards the drip lines, highlight correlation in the ground state,...).• Ion manipulation technologies: purification and improving ion optical properties (use beyond original expectations)
E: E: 50 keV 50 keV ~~ eVeV
complementary between ISOL and In-Flightcomplementary between ISOL and In-Flight
K.U. Leuven
Fundamental InteractionsFundamental InteractionsTesting the unitarity of the Cabibbo Kobayashi Maskawa matrix
Precision half-life measurement of 38Ca super allowed 0+-0+ decay
• separation of molecules: 38CaF+(ion source chemistry)• accumulation in REX-trap• TOF selection of A = 55 pure source
• combined with up-to-date instrumentation a new generation of decay spectroscopy and in-trap spectroscopy experiments • new and high-precision data far off stability. accuracy < 0.4%
Shapes and ShellsShapes and Shells In-beam spectroscopy of fragments: 42Si (In-Flight GANIL)
B. Bastin,- PRL99 (2007) 022503
2+ 0+ : 770 ± 19 keV
E E ~ 50-150 MeV/u~ 50-150 MeV/u
(see also GSI, MSU)
K.U. Leuven
Future Physics withFuture Physics with
• The physics questionsphysics questions are well defined • ISOL based RIB physics is a very broad interdisciplinary fieldinterdisciplinary field with a wide spectrum of opportunitieswide spectrum of opportunities (has not one physics goal)•The interesting physics casesphysics cases defined at present will evolve and the instrumentation will be used beyond the original “expectations” beyond the original “expectations” • ComplementaryComplementary to In-Flight RIB research• Experience with present day RIB experiments conclusive answersconclusive answers will be given and new questionsnew questions will appear – surprise!surprise!
A final observationA final observation• A strong link between target-ion sourcetarget-ion source groupsgroups and the physicistsphysicists is absolutely essential as the strength of the current ISOL systems is to a certain extend based on a strong involvement in the beam developments of the physicists that are using the beams.• A strong link with and support for theorytheory is essential